Technical Studies on the White‑glazed Shards Excavated from A'Ali in Bahrain
著者 Sasaki Tatsuo, Uchida Tetsuo, Koezuka
Takayasu, Ninomiya Shuji, Shirahata Hiroshi, Sasaki Hanae, Yamasaki Kazuo
journal or
publication title
金沢大学考古学紀要
volume 21
page range 126‑136
year 1994‑05‑10
URL http://hdl.handle.net/2297/2757
∫∴・//〜′●′・‥ソト・・/′…イ・,∵.・・り′・・仁′′∴・直・ソ∴・棚′ご・り・′′、■・・′二・/′りり′
■ll 、 −こ −‥ ‥ _ −−−− −−−
l‥こ ∴−こ・.・…  ̄.−.−..・≡ 予.㌧・二..≡
ミ三.r∴ _ ・.≡l. ̄−・∴∴ −.−∴∴・∴:−・:●三、三.ニー・・・・∴・−−∴∴.
、∴_ニ::さ∴ i.、.・;・・ い∴・こ −・● ‥,
ト!㌻;・。・− ∴i∴ 三∴、t.モ∴1.、.・∴∴−、
lnとl}¢due亡iくj11
Somelslam呈c厨hite−glazed sh竃rds excavated from an archaeoiogicalsite,A9Ai呈 of the
9th tollth centuTiesin Bahrain on the ATabian(Persian)Gulf閻ere teChniea‖y sttJdied to find their characteristics and provenance。This site has been excavated by the Japanese excavation team under the directior10f Sasakiin198邑and1989 く1・2)
:−・.・‥主∴ご 二.−∴.
A−Aliis a ruined villagein the centTalregion of Bahra呈nIsland(Fi誹Tel).The main
date of A一Å1iis the9th century9 Alarge numbeT Of earthenware and glazedIslamic waTeS
Figurel The Position ot、A.^LI
=、
丁・・
、
講述i慧禁h慧慧
ef。FCult。ral。r。PeTty,NaTa S
…吉宗;。
Prof。Emeritus,Nagoya University,因agoya
−126−
were found with some Chinese Changsha ware of9th century and white porcelain ofllth
century。Colours of the glazedIslamic ware aTe blue−green,閻hite9 bro閻n9 ye‖0闇and polychTOme.Blue−greer}and油ite waTeS are Creamy yellow fabTic and these two types of
WaTeS WeTe mainly madein Mesopotamiain the9th centuTyサ
:∴ニミ..、・・M .−・‥∴∴.ミ ∴
Shards ofIslamic wh呈te glazed ware are studied and these samples af>eiistedin Table l。Drawings and photos are5ho関門in Figure2and Tablesland2。
‥∴・_‥・∴、..・・・‥.・− ∵.主・と. ミ・−、:− ト :・∴・.∴・・・・・・∴・・−、
Produced place Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Sample,Res.No.Glaze
SAA−1(89−) G.I SAA−2(∈柑−163)G.I SAA−3(と柑−131)G。I SAA−4(88−18)G.E SÅA−5(89−) G.I SAA−6(89一) G.i SAÅ−8(89−93)G。I SÅÅ−9(89−92)G.E SAÅ−10(89−94)G。E SÅA−11(89−52)G.E SAA−12(89−95)G。iE SÅÅ−13(88−58)G.E SAA−14(89−96)G。Ⅰ
Type of ware
White glazed bowIwith creany ye=ow fabrie
Ye=ow glazed bowl、尋ithlight pinkish fa♭ric
Bro研1glazedineised(Sgr甜fi8tO)bowIwith red fabric Iran
Blue glazed bowIwith creamy yellow fabrie 紳esopotamia Blue−green glazed(Exte㌢ioF)9 and white glazed(InteTior)Mesopotamia large jar with yellowish gTeen fabric
Blue−g㌢een glazed(Exterior),and white glazed(Interior)弼esopotamia la柑eJar With ye‖owish green fabric
White gla冨ed bowIwith a pattern of palmleavesin 悶esopo七色闘ia CObalt blue.Creamy yellow fabric
Base of a white glazed bowIwith creamy yellow fab㌢ic Rim of a white glazed bowl with creamy yellow fabric
White glazed bowl with creamy yellow fabrie
剛1ite g18Zed bovIwith coarse brownish ぎabric
Base of a white glazed j即 Paintedin cobalt blue and COPPer green With cre馴町yello切 ぎ竃bric
LustTe Ware bowIwith creamy yello闇faらTic
Mes叩Otamia Mesopotamia 囲esopot畠mia Iran?
Mesopotamia
Mesopot細ia
Res.no.means Registered number.G.Imeansinterior glazes analyzed,G9E9 eXterioT glazes analyzed.
− ∴.ト.t∴∴−・・‥・∴−し トニミ∴
First the glazes and the fabrics(body clays)of the shaTds were studied by文一ray
fluorescence analysis9 and by X−Tay diffraction。Then the glazes and fabrics were
Chemically anaiyzed usinginduetively coupled plasma 盈tOmic emission spectroscopy
(abbreviated asICP)。FuTther the body clays weTe Studied for their trace element contents by theinstTunentalneutron activation analysis(abbreviated asINÅA)us呈一昭the nucle亀r reactor(TRIGA MarkⅡ)of the Rikyo Universityin To軸0.Thelead 呈sotope ratios were measuTed by the Finnegan一閏at 262mass spectTO持IeteT at the MuroTaTi‡nst皇tute of Te〔油nol〔唱y.
Results and diseussil)n
(Å)Ch珊icaleompositions of white gla冨eS arld body clays
The results of ehemicalanalyses byICP are glVenin Tables2and4。Compounds found in the white glazes by文一ray diffTaCtion are givenin Table3。
一127−
竜 ̄】 ̄ ̄ ̄
(88−131〉
亘√‡ヒ、㌔_・∴・・−∴−.てこ−‡・・ご ≧、・.【/l:・6・∴∫ご:ニ
ー128−
P且ate且 Sa∬】plesでoF Amalysis Fro打iA†ÅL‡
一129−
Plate2 SamplesダopÅma温ysisで『Om A9ÅLI
−130−
The datain Table2sh帥that some of the white giazes contain fairlylarge竃mOuntS Of
tin andlead,Which are the cause of opacity of these glazes。The glazes such as SAA−5G,
SAA−6G,SAA−10G and SAA−13G are not tin glazes,because tin andlead foundin them seem to be cont包minant of the Ta閣m亀teTials,and are notintentionally added。Itis to be noted that the smallamounts of tinin the glazes such as SAA−5G,SAÅ−6Gラ SAA−10G and SAA−13G are not detected by X−ray diffraction,and that chemicalanalysis should be used forits
deteetion in Ihe glazes. The oQaque white colours of these shards are due to quartz
CryStalsinsolublein the glazes(cf.Table3ト
甘晶b呈e2 C払e陶急e歳旦e⑳陶酔⑳S孟患豆¢陶毘(%♪¢『w馳孟甘e g旦晶Ee$
Component SÅÅ−1G A−5G A−6G A−8G Å−10G Å−11G A−12G Å−13G A1203 4.81 − − 4.58 −
Fe203 1。71 − − 1.80 1.6 1。3 0。22 1。3 CaO 6.09 − − 2。17 一
閃感〕 2。70 − − 2.07 一 閃a20 1.79 − − L20 一
監20 1。83 − − 1.97 −
PbO l.70 0.05 0。03 0。03 0.003 0.22 0.61 0.01
SnO2 9.00 0。1 0。1 0.75 0.17 4.6 6.5 0.69 Silica was not dete川■ined due to minute amounts of samples
T盈払且e3 開盈約eP歳旦s紬頗c¢掬p¢Ⅶm感s p陀毘emも亀田官馳e g遍盈ヱ密蕊
Minerals&compounds Quartz
Cristobalite
﹁U T 十一
A A S 〃u 13十十一一 Å Pu 2 一1+十一十 A + rU ll+十一十 A rU nU ■1十+一一 A rU ■8十十一一 A ru 一6十一十一 A Pu 一5+一+一 Å
Anorthite
Cassiterite(tin dioxide,S円02)
一十
Table4sho闇S that the body clays of some shards are richiniTOn,Calcitlm and magnesium・These data agree with the mineTaicompositions TeVealed by X−Tay diffraction
that much quaTtZ,diopside[Ca悶gSi206]and augite【C包囲g9Fe)Si2061aTe COnt包inedin the f8brics(body clays)of shaTdsタ SAA−1and SAÅ−8。
ー∴∴・・lJ二い‥こい・J・・ユこ∴≡ごきここ・lt・ご トー・Sこ・ごご∴リ・・!ニト・、‥ノニ、:・
Bl肥anS body el包yS(ぎabries)
Comp抑ent SAA−1B SÅA−8B
SiO2 43。3 46。7(%)
Å1203 13.5 13。2
Fe203 7。30 7。32 17。0 17。6
8.29 8.D8 2。60 2.08 L91 1.52
−131−
In1979Whitehouse(3)reported that although someIslamic white glazed pottery had been described as tin glazes予 eXa剛i桐tion oヂ13shards f川田SiraヂinI㌘an by X−ray
diffraction and other techniques failed to reveal the presence of tin. We has not
publ室shed the detailed TeSults yetサTheTeforeき Our reSults sho閻n above seem to give the
deta呈Ied 呈nヂor隅at呈on on thisimportant proble臥
(B)T柑Ce element contents of bo(iy clays
To find the provenance of these two kinds of閣hite glazed potteTy閻ith amd閣ithotJt tin andlead,主nstrumentalneutron activation analysis(INAA)of the body clays of som shards was carried out。The traee elel肥nt COntentSヂou田d are glVen 呈n Tabie5。
\、・.−・・−∴、.い‖∵∴・‥∴∴‥.・ ・・・:・..一 ∴ノ.さ・_l:・・.−・・.=∴∴
(ppin eXCePt foT因a毘nd Fe expTeSSedin%)
m Dr
n﹁ −じ 0 0 0 9 9 9 1 QU 亡U 6 4 0 S 2 2 りム ー ーユ■1⊥ りム l l l・l りム
0 ▲僅 5 りム 5 6 7 7 5 ごU 1 9 5 C 2 2 ?封 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 J1 2
nU一l ﹄隼 7・4 2 0 A⊥ QU n8 4 りム r ・ 関り 且上 3一往 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 ごU ウ山
.7−5 7 Aェ 9 7一埋 りム 2 7 nU h ・ T ごじ 亡U Jl ﹁コ■ ごU 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 1 月T 4 4 3 3 3 A上 2 A隼 4 3 ‖︻ ︒ 一 L O O O O O O nU O ︵U O O
6 00 6 0U lエ 0 2 3 2 3 3 9 9 1 9 7 ¢U ‖ ︒ E l l・−一1 1 1 0 0 1 nU nU nU
DU AユnU Aェ 且Å A了 ごU ウ﹈ nU 4 ▲阜 5 m ・ S ▲且l JÅェ 5 Aェ Aェ AT ▲4 Aェ 4 3 3 Aェ
e・7ユハO nO O 4 9 9 nU 1 4 9 7 ︻し Aェ 3 4 4 3 3 3 且l ﹄隼 3−⊥ 3
a 6.且エ0 3 3 A了 3 2 0 nU 9 ごU L 2 2 3 2 りム ウ山 りム 2 2 2 i 2
1 9 QU ごU 9 5 1 1 9 ごU 7 S ・ ・ ▲ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・一 ハし i 2 7︒l l−エ3 1 り由 ▲1 3
b O nU ︵U ︵U ︵U O O O nU nU O − n几 月T 9 2 2 ごU 7 5・盈エ9 ごじ ごU ▲
Sample 甑% Fe賀こ
SÅÅ−1B l。37 4$93 SAA−2B l.13 SAA−3B l。18 SAA−4B l。43
1
00 5 QU
7 QU 5
A上 4 4
SÅÅ−5B l。68凱55
SAA−6B l。50射58 SAA−8B l.14 5.18 SAÅ−9B l。15
SAA−1〔順 1.14 SÅÅ−11B l.27 SAA−12B 2。04 SAA−ユ3B l。56
2
∩コ 3 ハU ﹂7 7 3 1 1 A1 9
A⊥ 4 Aェ 3・阜
The result of the cluster analysis using the data of trace elements of fabrics is
Sho関門in F呈g朋re3。The eiass主君icationis not co言1tradietory to the visualobservatjom about the gla三eS and fabrics。Judgi喝from the fabTics aT)d cluster analysis SAA−3and SAÅ−i2 Seem tO have been madein plaees otheT than悶esopo七amia9 POSSiblyinITan。
Amalgamation SÅAl掴 A6 A5 Å2 A8 AlOÅ9 A13Å11Å3 Å12 Distanee l.157
ユ.219 1.751 1.918 2.226 2.289 2。273 2。670 3.770 4。786 7.249
・「√;.1. 二・(−こ・:仁・…蟹・∴.・∴ニ、・ニー・・・・.こ●−い.ニF∴・∴・∴ ∴「∴■∴∴
(Na9 Fe争 L89 Ce,Sm9 Eu,Th9 Hf,Co9 Sc were used for analysis beeause Cs and Llj are nOt detected for SÅÅ−10 and Rb no七 重−or SÅA−13。)
−132−
(C)Leadisotope閏tios of the glazes
Theleadisotope r亀tios oヂwhite gla芸eS弼eaSured a柁Sho圏n呈n Tabie69 and t音1e由ta are pIDttedin Figure4。
Theieadisotope Tatios of theIranianlead ores are fe関9 and the u叩ub‖shed data for the用Obta呈ned by R。H心 配illare plotted 呈n Figu㌢e4t亡唱ether閻ith his舶ta foヂIr迅ni包n
−ふobje仁tS門(mostly glassesるnd metalobjeetsト TheIranian o柁S are dividedinto摘O g㌘OuPS,
IandI王。The ores of GroupIco摘e from theInines such as Lakan,Ahar増量㌘an9 日osseinabadナ and t音10Se OでGroup‡Ibel川g tO the m呈ne翫紬l軸e The由紬主1s of the o㌘eS竃nd 4るobje巴tS門
Willbe pubiishedlater by Brill。‡tis cieaT froFn Figure4that用OSt Of t呈1e L畠objects門 used the ores different from GroupsIandI‡予 ajld the origi首1S Of these o㌘eS tlSed aEle nOt
kno閣n yet.The white glazes of the shards excavatedin A9Åiidid not use the ores of GroupsIand‡Iexceptヂor A−6。Theisotope㌢離ios of this shaざ8are c旦ose to七bose of an Ore OでG㌘OuP王ぬ主ch came probably餌om Hosseinbad。
‥. − : −・・− ‥−・・:三.・∴ ・・;・∴ ∴・
Sa罰岬1e Pb206/Pb2〔嶋
SAÅ1 18。920
SAÅ5 18。6i6
SAA6 18。418 SAA8 18。659 SÅAlO l邑。609 SAÅ11 18心910
SÅÅユ2 18。811
SÅA13 柑。925
Pb208/Pb206 2。08089 2。08∈娼3 2。09643 2や07逢87 2.08365 2。06243 2。07037 2,07114
Pb207/Pb206 0。83583 0。84266 0。85211 0や83810 0。84313 0。83088 0。β3400 0。B3370
The2(7 Values for Pb 206/Pb 2=9 Pb 2D8/Pb206,and Pb207/Pb 206 are < D。02%,く 0。01%9 and く 0増01‰ respeetively。
F㌘0打Ithe archaeologicalpo主nt of view most oデモbeseぬite gla冨ed shardsぎound at A冒Ali See円1tO have been made 呈n Mesopotamia。丁重1eleadisotope datain Table6and Fi酢ぼe3sho閣
Clearly that these pottery閣er・e made usir唱theiead oTeS Of seve悶旦 diffeTer)t minesin the prese田t dayIran。Severalmorelead mines are supposed to have beer主醐rki喝呈m七he9う油 CentuTy閣hen these potteTy闇eTe madein Mesopotamia。MoTeinfoTmation闇illbe necessaTy On the minesinIran,Iraq and relate(ヨareas。
Thereis r】O eOmPlete fitness between t宣1e data of tTaCe element contents of fabTics arld Ieadisotope㌘atios oぎgla芸eS。Tbis means that tbeir gla冨eS閻ere打Iade us呈噸the舶terials Of diffeTentlocalities fTOm those of their body c!ays。This problemis to be soived by
ヂuture stu〔ヨ主es。
∴.−・J!∵.!亡 ‖・:・・、
The autbors wouldli舷e to即atitude to配。ÅbdulazisÅ1iSo闇ailhe and otber stafヂof
the MinistTy OfInfoTmation,Culture&NationalHeritage,State of Bahrain for giving
−133一
野亙磁兼監塾 LEADISOTOPE RATIOS OF ORES AND FINDS
The SymboIs @,0.0 denote the pottery shaTds e〉こCaVated at A一Å1i,
ITanian oTeS,andIranian objects ,reSPeCtively
一134−
them permission to analyze t壬1e eXCaVated ceramics f㌘Om A9姐i。We also閣呈sb to tha癒to D㌢。
R。Hふ Brill,T呈1e C鋸n呈ngト紬seum oでGiass for glVing us thei叩朋朝ほt 踊劇痛‖油融
infoTmation on theIranian ores and吊objects門。Section drawings were made by鮎琵atsuTa Hato and晰・Takasわi托omatsu。One of the authors(K申Y。)is g柑teful紬r the陀Sea㌢eわgrant
OぎtheJapan Aeademy。
Rei、el,enぐeS
りS8SakiきTサ予1990,Exca開tions at A†Åli−1988/89−,Pyo仁g¢速ま兇gぶ8f£良ぞぶぞ隠豆謁隠yぎ0㌣
A㌢め盲α鞄ぎ£改dg盲s,20:11ト129
2)Sasak主9T・予 Uehida,T。,託oezりka,T.9 Ninomiya,S。9 0s竃閑9軋 為nd嘗am∂S包ki9K.争 且993争 Tee翫円仁
ealStudies on the Wh主te−g旦包三ed Sherds Exeav包ted frolめ抽e jほeh竃eOIc唱IealSite争 Å−Ali in鮎h相星n,P㌣8C百雷d首鼠卵∂ヂ£良ぞJ戊紬詑鮎戌d宙艶yク Vol。69クSer.凱No.3‡35−38
3)Whitehouse争D.,1979,Islamic Glazed Potteryin 王raq and the Persian Gulf:the Ninth and Temth Centuries9 舶花成鼠膏 血息ブiぷ孟豆£比藍∂ロγ豆g絶豊丘£g d豆馳細見豆,39;45−61
4)Sasaki,T・,Shirahata,H.and Yanasaki,K.,1994,Lead 王sotope Ratios of the White Glazes Of the Sherds Excav畠ted at A Ali,an ArchaeologicalSiteirlBahr盈in,Froc@8d百花gS Of
恵良gJ戌紬花月cαdg隋y,Vol.70,Ser.B,No.1:1−3
■ や∵ ̄・■_ ̄・二_し三三ニー ̄ニニ∴_∵ニー ̄l二.ミ十三∴ミー_l ̄∴ 三三−‡こ ̄−こニニ∵‥ ̄二こ.
佐帝寮遼東野 内因 習男9周監聴 隆保野 ≡蘭 修治習 由幡 浩志甲 佐埼怒花淀野 山略 呵擾
アラビア璃に面する遺跡から、中世の東西両世界を結ぶ貿易によって遊ばれた陶磁器が出土する。
考古学的方法と自然科学的方法を用いてそれらの陶磁器の材質を探り、産地を推定しも貿易の実磨蚤 明らかにするための資料を提供することが、本稿の目的である。
アラビア(ペルシア)碕バハレう島のアーリ遺跡(主として9世紀)隠、1988年、89年に佐々凍ら
によって発掘された。多くのイスラームの土器、施粕陶蓋と、少数の中国産白磁片と長沙窯陶片が出 土した。イスラーム陶器の軸は、青緑色、白色、褐色、黄色、および多色であるが、青緑色がもっと
も多く、次いで白色が多い。青緑色および白色の軸の胎土の多くば銑黄色であり、この二種類の陶器
の大部分は9世紀にメソポタミアで作られた製品である。ここでほ自軸陶器片を主にとりあげ、軸の
化学分析、蛍光濫線、笈繰回新海鋤同位捧比、ならびに胎土の化学分析、Ⅹ繰回折、磯豊中隆子放射 純分祈の分析結果を報告する。
白鞄の一部ばSnとPbを含み(衰2,3)、これが軸の白歯の原因の一つと推定で童る。しかし、SÅÅ5G9 6G98Gタ10G,13GのSnとPbは少なく、おそらく不純物と考えら馳も これらの白色隠軸中の不溶解の 石英によると考えられる(表3)。表3ば軸の鉱物組成は軸申に石英、灰長石が多く含意れることを示
し、それは衰4の紬の化学成分と対応する。
イスラーム陶器の基本軸である白鞄は、も鉛紬の線量色と
ンのシラーフ通路出土の自軸陶片がSnを含意ないことを簡単に予報として報告し、問題を提起したが、
詳細は現在まで発表していない。本報告はこの問題をとりあげた詳細な研究の一部である。
−135一
なお、軸申の鉛同位体比ほ、イラン産製品と推定できる鉛を含む遺物のそれと一致する場合もある
が、鉛鉱石と一致するのは僅かである。さらに、胎土の微量成分(衰5)の面からも、それらの産地を 現在換討中である。
衰1 アリ遺跡出土陶磁器分析資料 衰2 白軸陶器の軸の主成分 義3 白軸陶器の軸の鉱物成分 表4 白鞠陶器の発砲の主成分 義5 分析資料の素地の磯豊成分 表6 白粕陶器の鞠の細岡後棒比
図1 アリ遺跡の位置
図2 アリ遺跡出土分析陶磁器実測図 図3 分析資料の素地のクラスター分析
図4 アリ出土白軸陶器と関連遣物、鉱石の鉛同位体比 写真1 アリ遺跡出土分析陶磁器写真
写真2 アリ遺跡出土分析陶磁器写真
ー136−