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Navier-Stokes方程式の外部問題について(非線形発展方程式とその応用)

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Navier-Stokes 方程式の外部問題について 小林 孝行 (Takayuki Kobayashi) 筑波大数学系 柴田 良弘 (Yoshihiro Shibata) 筑波大数学系 本講演は我々の共同研究 $([\mathrm{K}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{S}1,2])$ の発表を中心に行いたいと思う. 3次元物体 $\mathcal{O}$ のまわりを流れる非圧縮性粘性流体の運動はいわゆる次の Navier-Stokes 方程式によって 記述される.

(1.a) $\partial_{t}\mathrm{u}-\triangle \mathrm{u}+(\mathrm{u}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{u}+\nabla p=0$, $\nabla\cdot \mathrm{u}=0$ in $(0, \infty)\cross\Omega$,

(1.b) $\mathrm{u}=0$ on $(0, \infty)\mathrm{x}\partial\Omega$,

(1.c) $\mathrm{u}(\mathrm{O}, x)=\mathrm{a}$ in $\Omega$,

(1.d) $\lim \mathrm{u}(t, x)=\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$, $\forall_{t}\in[0, \infty)$.

$|x|arrow\infty$

但し簡単の為, 質量密度と粘性係数は共に1とした. また基本的な記号として, $\Omega$ は $\mathcal{O}$

の補集合, $\partial\Omega$ はその境界でなめらかな超曲面であると仮定する, $x=(x1, x2, xs)$

は $\mathrm{R}^{3}$

の点, $t$ 1 よ時間, $\partial_{t}=\partial/\partial t,$ $\partial_{j}=\partial/\partial_{j},$ $\triangle=\partial_{1}^{2}+\partial_{2}^{2}+\partial_{3}^{2},$ $\nabla=^{T}(\partial_{1}, \partial_{2}, \partial_{3})(^{T}$ は転置

を表す), $\cdot$

は $\mathrm{R}^{3}$

の通常の内積, $0=^{T}(0,0,0)$ , 太字のアルファベットはベクトル値関

数を表す. 例えば $\mathrm{u}=^{T}(u_{1}, u_{2}, u_{3})$

.

ここではいわゆる強解の時間大域的–意存在につ

いてのみ考察する. $\mathrm{u}_{\infty}=0$ かつ $\mathcal{O}$ が空集合の場合 $(\Omega=\mathrm{R}^{3})$ は T. Kato [Ka]

により 初期値 a の $L_{3}$ ノルムが十分小かつ $\nabla\cdot \mathrm{a}=0$ の場合に強解の時間大域的–意存在が示 された. その方法は線形部分の Stokes 作用素に対する Cauchy 問題の解の後に詳しく述 べるいわゆる $L_{q}-L_{r}$ 評価と云われるものを示し, 非線形項を small perturbation と見な して問題 (1) を解くというものである. $\mathrm{u}_{\infty}=0$ かつ $\mathcal{O}$ が空でない有界集合の場合は

H.Iwashita, [I] により初期値 a の $L_{3}$ ノルムが十分小かつ $\nabla\cdot \mathrm{a}_{--}0$ の場合に強解の時間

大域的–意存在が示された. その方法はやはり線形部分の Stokes 作用素に対する外部問

題の解の $L_{q}-L_{r}$ 評価を示し, 非線形項を smallperturbation と見なして問題 (1) を解

くというものである. ここでは, $\mathrm{u}_{\infty}\neq 0$ の場合について T. Kato [Ka] 及び H. Iwashita

[I] の結果を拡張できることについて述べたいと思う. R. Finn [$\mathrm{C}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{F}$, Fi 1-Fi 6]

の定常

問題に関する良く知られた仕事に続いて J. G. Heywood [He 1-He 3] は $\mathrm{u}_{\infty}=\mathrm{u}(\infty t)$ が

$L_{2}(0, \infty)$ の元となる場合に $L_{2}$ の意味での弱解の存在を示した. (さらなる研究について

は K. Masuda [Ma 1] を参照せよ.) ここでの興味は $\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$ が定数ベクトルの時の時間大域

的強解の–意存在を示す事にある. 講演者の知る限り長年の未解決問題であった. 解く過 程を述べながら主定理を述べていこう. 記号先ずここで用いる記号の説明をしよう. $D$ を $\mathrm{R}^{3}$ の領域とするとき, $L_{q}(D)$ $D$ 上の通常の $L_{q}$空間, $||\cdot||_{q,D}$ をそのノルムとする. さらに次のようにおく. $|| \mathrm{u}||_{q,D}=(_{j}\sum_{=1}||u_{j}s||^{q}q,D\mathrm{I}^{1/q}(1\leqq q<\infty);$ $|| \mathrm{u}||\infty,D=_{j=1}\max,||u2,3j||_{\infty,D}$,

(2)

$||u||_{q,m,D}=||\overline{\partial}_{x}^{m}u||_{q,D}$; $||\mathrm{u}||_{q,D}m,=||\overline{\partial}_{x}^{m}\mathrm{u}||_{q,D}$; $\overline{\partial}_{x}^{m}u=(\partial_{x}\alpha u, |\alpha|\leqq m)$.

簡単の為, 次の省略形を用いる.

$||\cdot||_{q}=||\cdot||_{q,\Omega},$ $||\cdot||_{q,m}=||\cdot||_{q,m,\Omega},$ $|\cdot|_{q}=||\cdot||_{q,\mathrm{R}^{3}},$ $|\cdot|_{q,m}=||\cdot||_{q,m,\mathrm{R}}\mathrm{s}$.

$S’$ tempered distributions の空間, また $C_{0}^{\infty},(D)$ を $D$ に含まれるコンパクトな台を

もつ無限階微分可能な関数の全体, さらに次の様に空間を定義する.

$L_{q,b}(D)=\{u\in L_{q}(D)|u(x)=0\forall_{X}\not\in B_{b}\},$ $B_{b}=\{x\in \mathrm{R}^{3}||x|<b\}$;

$W_{q,l_{o\mathrm{C}}}^{m}(\mathrm{R}3)=$

{

$u\in S’|\partial_{x}^{\alpha}u\in L_{q}(B_{b})\forall_{\alpha}$ : $|\alpha|\leq m$ and $\forall_{b}>0$

};

$W_{q,c}^{m_{l_{\mathit{0}}}}(D)=$

{

$u|\exists_{U}\in W_{q}^{m_{loc}},(\mathrm{R}3)$ such that $u=U$ on $D$

};

$L_{q,l_{\mathit{0}}\mathrm{C}}(D)=W^{0},lc(qoD)$;

$W_{q}^{m}(D)=\{u\in W_{q,l_{\mathit{0}}c}^{m}(D)|||u||_{q,m,D}<\infty\}$;

$\dot{W}_{q}^{m}(D)=\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{e}$ completion of$C_{0}^{\infty}(D)$ with respect to $||$

.

$||_{q,m,D;}$

$\dot{W}_{q,a}^{m}(D)=\{u\in\dot{W}_{q}^{m}(D)|\int_{D},u(X)dx=0\}$;

$\hat{W}_{q}^{m}(D)=\{u\in W_{q,\mathrm{c}}^{m_{l_{\mathit{0}}}}(D)|||\partial_{x}^{m}u||_{q,D}<\infty\},$ $\partial_{x}^{m}u=(\partial_{x}\alpha u, |\alpha|=m)$.

3次元ベクトル値関数の対応する空間を次の様に表す.

$\mathrm{L}_{q}(D)=$

{

$\mathrm{u}=\tau_{(}u_{1},$

$u_{2},$u $)|u_{j}\in L_{q}(D),j=1,2,3$

}.

また, $\mathbb{C}_{0}^{\infty}(D),$ $\mathrm{L}_{q,b}(D),$ $\mathrm{W}^{m_{l_{\mathit{0}}C}}(q,D),$ $\mathrm{L}_{q},\iota_{\mathit{0}}\mathrm{C}(D),$ $\mathrm{W}^{m}q(D),\dot{\mathrm{w}}_{q}^{m}(D),\hat{\mathrm{W}}_{q}^{m}(D)$ も同様に定義

される. 更に

$\mathrm{J}_{q}(D)=\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{e}$ completion in $\mathrm{L}_{q}(D)$ of the set

{

$\mathrm{u}\in \mathbb{C}_{0}^{\infty}(D)|\nabla\cdot \mathrm{u}=0$ in $D$

};

$\mathrm{G}_{q}(D)=\{\nabla p|p\in\hat{W}_{q}^{1}(D)\}$.

と置く. この時, D. Fujiwara and H. Morimoto $[\mathrm{F}\mathrm{w}\mathrm{M}]$, T. Miyakawa [Mi] により Banach 空間 $\mathrm{L}_{q}(D)$ はつぎの Helmholtz 分解をもつ.

$\mathrm{L}_{q}(D)=\mathrm{J}_{q}(D)\oplus \mathrm{G}_{q}(D)$ $\oplus$ は直和

$\mathrm{P}$ を

$\mathrm{L}_{q}(\Omega)$ から $\mathrm{J}_{q}(\Omega)$ の上へのcontinuous projection とする. Stokes 作用素A と Oseen

作用素 $\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u}_{\infty})$ は定義域を $D_{q}(\mathrm{A})=D_{q}(\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u}\infty))=\mathrm{J}(q\Omega)\cap\dot{\mathrm{W}}(q\Omega)\cap \mathrm{W}^{2}(1q\Omega)$とする関係式 $\mathrm{A}=-\mathrm{P}\triangle$ と $\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u}_{\infty})=\mathrm{A}+\mathrm{p}(\mathrm{u}_{\infty}\cdot\nabla)$ によって各々定義される作用素とする. $B(I, X)$ を

$I$ 上定義された $X$ 値の有界連続な関数の全体とする. T. Miyakawa [Mi] により $\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u}_{\infty})$

は $\mathrm{J}_{q}(\Omega)$

上の解析的半群

$e^{-t\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u}_{\infty})}$

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主定理. 第–段階として $\mathrm{u}(t, x)=\mathrm{u}\infty+\mathrm{v}(t, x.)$ と置くと $\mathrm{v}$ についての方程式はつぎ

のものとなる.

(2.a) $\partial_{t}\mathrm{v}-\triangle \mathrm{v}+(\mathrm{u}_{\infty}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{v}+(\mathrm{v}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{v}+\nabla p=0,$ $\nabla\cdot \mathrm{v}=0$ in $(0, \infty)\cross\Omega$,

(2.b) $\mathrm{v}=-\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$ on $(0, \infty)\mathrm{x}\partial\Omega$,

(2.c) $\mathrm{v}(0, X)=\mathrm{a}-\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$ in $\Omega$.

境界条件を零と為すために, 次の Oseen 方程式に対する定常問題を考える.

(3) $-\triangle \mathrm{w}+(\mathrm{u}_{\infty}\cdot\nabla)\bm{\mathrm{w}}+(\mathrm{w}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{w}+\nabla p=0,\nabla\cdot \mathrm{w}-=0$ in $\Omega$,

$\mathrm{w}=-\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$ on $\partial\Omega$.

この $\mathrm{w}$ を用いて $\mathrm{u}(t, x)=\mathrm{u}_{\infty}+\mathrm{w}(x)+\mathrm{v}(t, x)$ と改めて置きなおすと $\mathrm{v}$ に対する方程

式は次のものとなる.

(4.a) $\partial_{\^{\mathrm{v}-}}\triangle \mathrm{v}+(\mathrm{u}_{\infty}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{v}+L[\mathrm{W}]\mathrm{v}+(\mathrm{v}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{v}+\nabla p--0$, in $(0, \infty)\cross\Omega$,

(4.b) $\nabla\cdot \mathrm{v}=$

. $0$ in $(0, \infty)\cross\Omega$,

(4.c) $\mathrm{v}=0$ on $(0, \infty)\mathrm{x}\partial\Omega$,

(4.d) $\mathrm{v}(\mathrm{O}, X)=\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{a}-\mathrm{u}_{\infty}-\mathrm{w}$ in $\Omega$.

但し, $L[\bm{\mathrm{w}}]_{\mathrm{V}}=(\mathrm{w}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{v}+(\mathrm{v}\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{w}$. T. Kato [Ka] のアイデアに従って, 方程式 (4)

を次の積分方程式として解くことにする.

(5) $\mathrm{v}(t)=e^{-t\mathbb{O}()}\mathrm{u}_{\infty}\mathrm{b}-\int_{0}^{t}e^{-(}-s)\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u}\infty)\mathrm{P}t(L[\mathrm{w}]_{\mathrm{V}}(S)+(\mathrm{v}(s)\cdot\nabla)\mathrm{v}(S))dS$.

まず基本となるのは $e^{-t\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u})}\infty$

に対する次のいわゆる $L_{q}-L_{r}$ 評価である.

Theorem 1. (1) Let $1<q\leqq r<\infty$ and let $\kappa>0$ be any small number. Then,

there exists a $co\mathrm{n}st$ant $\sigma_{0}.’ 0<\sigma_{0}\leqq 1$ depending on $q$ but in$dep$endent of$\kappa,$ $\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$ and $r$

such that

(6) $||e^{-t\mathbb{O}(\mathrm{u}_{\infty}}\mathrm{a})||\Gamma\leqq C_{q,r,\kappa}|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|-\kappa t^{-}\nu||\mathrm{a}||_{q}$ $\forall_{t}>0,$ $\forall_{\mathrm{a}}\in \mathrm{J}_{q}(\Omega),$ $\nu=\frac{3}{2}$ ,

provided that $0<|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|\leqq\sigma_{0}$, where $C_{q,r,\kappa}$ is in dependent of$\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$.

(2) In addition,$\cdot$ we assume that $1<q\leqq r\leqq 3$. Then,

(7) $||\nabla e^{-}\mathrm{a}\infty|t\mathbb{Q}(\mathrm{u})|r\leqq c_{q,r,\kappa}|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|-\kappa t^{-(/2}\nu+1)||\mathrm{a}||_{q}$ $\forall_{t}>0,$ $\mathrm{a}\in \mathrm{J}_{q}(\Omega)$

provided thai $0<|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|\leqq\sigma_{0}$.

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Theorem 2. Let $3<q<\infty$ and let $\delta$ and $\beta$ be any numbers such that $0<\delta<$

$\beta<1-\delta$. Then, there exists a constant $\sigma_{1}$ : $0<\sigma_{1}\leqq 1$ depending on $q,$ $\delta$ and $\beta$ but independent of$\mathrm{u}_{\infty}$ such that if$0<|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|\leqq\sigma_{1}$, then the pro

$\mathrm{b}l$em (3) admits $sol$utions

$\mathrm{w}\in \mathrm{W}_{q}^{2}(\Omega)$ and$p\in W_{q}^{1}(\Omega)$ possessing the est$\mathrm{i}m$ate:

(8) $||\mathrm{w}||_{q},2+|||\mathrm{W}|||\delta+||p||_{q,1}\leqq|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|^{\beta}$. Here, we put (9) $||| \mathrm{w}|||\delta=\sup_{\Omega x\in}(1+|x|)(1+s(\mathrm{u}\infty)(x))\delta|\mathrm{W}(x)|$ $+ \sup_{x\in\Omega}(1+|x|)3/2(1+S(\mathrm{u}\infty)(x))^{1}/2+\delta|\nabla_{\mathrm{W}}(x)|$, (10) $s(\mathrm{u}_{\infty})(x)=|x|-\mathrm{u}_{\infty}\cdot x/|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|$. 積分方程式 (5) を解く為に次のいわゆる–般化されたボアンカレの不等式が解の評 価において重要な働きをなす.

Theorem 3 Let $0\leqq\alpha<1/3$ and put $d(x)=s(\mathrm{u}_{\infty})(X)\alpha|X|1-\alpha\log|x|$. Then,

(11) $\int_{\Omega}|\frac{v(x)}{d(x)}|^{3}dx\leqq C||\nabla v||_{3}3$ $\forall_{v}\in\dot{W}_{3}^{1}(\Omega),\cdot$

Kato [Ka] の議論に沿って Theorems 1, 2and 3 を用いて次の結果を得る.

Theorem 4. Let $q$ be a Hxed number $>3$. Then, there exists a constant $\epsilon>0$ such that if a $\in$ $\mathrm{J}_{3}(\Omega),$ $0<|\mathrm{u}_{\infty}|\leqq\epsilon$ and $||\mathrm{a}-\mathrm{u}_{\infty}||_{3}\leqq\epsilon$, ihen the problem (4) admits a unique solution $\mathrm{v}(t, x)\in B([\mathrm{o}, \infty)$;J3$(\Omega))$ possessing the following properties:

(12) $t^{3(1//)}-1q/2(3t, X)\mathrm{V}\in B([0, \infty);\mathrm{J}_{q}(\Omega))$,

(13) $t^{1/2}\nabla_{\mathrm{V}}(t, X)\in B([\mathrm{o}, \infty)$;L3$(\Omega))$,

(14) $\lim_{tarrow 0+}||\mathrm{v}(t, )-\mathrm{b}||_{3}+[\mathrm{v}]_{q,3}(1/3-1/q)/2,t+[\nabla \mathrm{v}]_{3,1/t}2,=0$ .

Here, we put

(15) $[v]_{q,\rho,t}= \sup s^{\rho}0<s<t||v(s, \cdot)||q$.

、こうして得られた $\mathrm{w}(x)$ と $\mathrm{v}(t, x)$ を用いて $\mathrm{u}(t, x)=\mathrm{u}_{\infty}+\mathrm{w}(x)+\mathrm{v}(t, x)$ と置くと

これがもとの方程式 (1) の口底の解である.

最後に我々の話に関連する Navier-Stokes 方程式に関する若干の文献を掲げておく, 勿

(5)

$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{s}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{K}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{S}$

方程式に関する文献

$[\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{M}1]$ W. Borchers and T. Miyakawa, Algebraic $L^{2}$ decay

for

Navier-Stokes

flows

in

exterior domains, Acta Math. 165 (1990), 189-227. [Br$l\vee \mathrm{I}2$]

–, Algebraic $L^{2}$ decay

for

Navier-Stokes

flows

in exterior domains, II,

Hiroshima Math. J. 21 (1991), 621-640.

$[\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{M}.3]$

–, On stability

of

exterior stationary Navier-Stokes flows, Acta Math.

(to appear).

[Fi 1] R. Finn, Estimates at infinity

for

stationary solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations, Bull. Math. dela Soc. Sci. Math. Phys. de la RPR. 3 (51) (1959),

387-418.

[Fi 2] –, An energy theorem

for

viscous

fluid

motions,, Arch. Rational Mech.

Anal. 6 (1960), 371-381.

[Fi 3] –, On the steady-state solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations, III,

Acta Math. 105 (1961), 197-244.

[Fi 4] –, On the exterior stationary problem

for

the Navier-Stokes equations

and associated perturbation problems, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 19 (1965), 363-406.

[Fi 5] –, Stationary solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations, Proc. Symp.

Appl. Math. 19 (1965), 121-153, Amer. Math. Soc..

[Fi 6] –, Mathematical questions relating to vis cous

fluid

flow

in an exterior

domain, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 3 (1) (1973),

107-140.

$[\mathrm{F}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{K}]$ H. Fujita and T. Kato, On the Navier-Stokes initial value problem $I$, Arch.

Rational Mech. Anal. 16 (1964), 269-315.

$[\mathrm{F}\mathrm{w}\mathrm{M}]$ D. Fujiwara and H. Morimoto, An $L_{r}$-theorem

of

the Helmholtz decomposition

of

vector fields, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sec., 124 (1977), 685-700.

[Ga] G. P. Galdi, An introduction to the mathematical theory

of

the Navier-Stokes

equations, Springer Tracts in Natural philosophy.

[He 1] J. G. Heywood, On stationary solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations as

limits

of

non-stationary solutions, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 37 (1970),

48-60.

[He 2] –, The exterior nonstationary problem

for

the Navier-Stokes equations,

Acta Math. 129 (1972), 11-34.

[He 3] –, The Navier-Stokes equations: On the $existenCe_{\mathrm{Z}}$ regularity and decay

of

solutions, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 29 (1980), 639-681. $p$

[I] H. Iwashita, $L_{q}-L_{r}$ estimates

for

solutions

of

the nonstationary Stokes

equa-tions in an exterior domain and the Navier-Stokes initial value problems in $L_{q}$ spaces, Math. Ann. 285 (1989), 265-288.

[Ka] T. Kato, Strong $L^{p}$-solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equation in $\mathrm{R}^{m}$ with

ap-plications to weak solutions, Math. Z. 187 (1984), 471-480.

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{M}]$ T. Kobayashi and T. Muramatsu, Abstract Besov space approach to the non-stationary Navier-Stokes equations, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 15 (1992), 949-966.

(6)

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{S}1]$ T. Kobayashi and Y. Shibata, On the Oseen equation in exterior domains, Preprint in 1994.

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{S}2]$

–, The exterior initial-boundary value problem

for

nonstationary

Navier-Stokes equations, Preprint in 1994.

[Kz] H. Kozono, On the Navier-Stokes equations in an exterior domain, private

notes in japanese.

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{Y}1]$ H. Kozono and M. Yamazaki, Local and global unique solvability

of

the

Navier-Stokes exterior problem with Cauchy data in the Space $L^{n,\infty}$, preprint in 1994.

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{Y}2]$

–, Navier-Stokes equations in exterior domains, preprint in 1994.

[Ma 1] K. Masuda, On the stability

of

incompressible viscous

fluid

motions past

ob-jects, J. Math. Soc. Japan 27 (1975), 294-327.

[Mi] T. Miyakawa, On nonstationary solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations in an exterior domain, Hiroshima Math. J. 12 (1982), 115-140.

[Os] C. W. Oseen, Neuere Methoden und Ergebniss in der Hydrodynamik, Akade-mische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H., Leipnig, 1927.

(7)

$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{s}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{K}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{S}$ 方程式に関する文献

$[\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{M}1]$ W. Borchers and T. Miyakawa, Algebraic $L^{2}$ decay

for

Navier-Stokes

flows

in

exterior domains, Acta Math. 165 (1990), 189-227.

$[\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\beta_{\mathrm{v}}\mathfrak{g}2]$

–, Algebraic $L^{2}$ decay

for

Navier-Stokes

flows

in exterior domains, II,

Hiroshima Math. J. 21 (1991), 621-640.

$[\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{M}3]$

–, On stability

of

exterior stationary Navier-Stokes flows, Acta Math.

(to appear).

[Fi 1] $\mathrm{R}’$. Finn, Estimates at infinity

for

stationary solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations, Bull. Math. dela Soc. Sci. Math. Phys. de la RPR. 3 (51) (1959),

387-418.

[Fi 2] –, An energy theorem

for

viscous

fluid

motions,, Arch. Rational Mech.

Anal. 6 (1960), 371-381.

[Fi 3] –, On the steady-state solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations, III,

Acta Math. 105 (1961), 197-244.

[Fi 4] –, On the exterior stationary problem

for

the Navier-Stokes equations

and associated perturbation problems, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 19 (1965),

363-406.

[Fi 5] –, Stationary solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations, Proc. Symp.

Appl. Math. 19 (1965), 121-153, Amer. Math. Soc..

[Fi 6] –, Mathematical questions relating to viscous

fluid flow

in an exterior

domain, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 3 (1) (1973),

107-140.

$[\mathrm{F}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{K}]$ H. Fujita and T. Kato, On the Navier-Stokes initial value problem $I$, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 16 (1964), 269-315.

$[\mathrm{F}\mathrm{w}\mathrm{M}]$ D. Fujiwara and H. Morimoto, An $L_{r}$-theorem

of

the Helmholtz decomposition

of

vectorfields, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sec., 124 (1977), 685-700.

[Ga] G. P. Galdi, An introduction to the mathematical theory

of

the Navier-Stokes

equations, Springer Tracts in Natural philosophy.

[He 1] J. G. Heywood, On stationary solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equations as

limits

of

non-stationary solutions, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 37 (1970), 48-60.

[He 2] –, The exterior nonstationary problem

for

the Navier-Stokes equations,

Acta Math. 129 (1972), 11-34.

[He 3] –, The Navier-Stokes equations: On the $existence_{f}$ regularity and decay

of

solutions, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 29 (1980), 639-681.

[I] H. Iwashita, $L_{q}-L_{r}$ estimates

for

solutions

of

the nonstationary Stokes

equa-tions in an exterior domain and the Navier-Stokes initial value problems in $L_{q}$ spaces, Math. Ann. 285 (1989), 265-288.

[Ka] T. Kato, Strong $L^{p}$-solutions

of

the Navier-Stokes equation in $\mathrm{R}^{m}$ with

ap-plications to weak solutions, Math. Z. 187 (1984), 471-480.

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{M}]$ T. Kobayashi and T. Muramatsu, Abstract Besov space approach to the non-stationary Navier-Stokes equations, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 15 (1992),

(8)

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{S}1]$ T. Kobayashi and Y. Shibata, On the Oseen equation in exterior domains, Preprint in 1994.

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{S}2]$

–, The exterior initial-boundary value problem

for

nonstationary

Navier-Stokes equations, Preprint in 1994.

[Kz] H. Kozono, On the Navier-Stokes equations in an exterior domain, private

notes in japanese.

$[\mathrm{K}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{Y}1]$ H. Kozono andM. Yamazaki, Local and global unique solvability

of

the

Navier-Stokes exterior problem with Cauchy data in the Space $L^{n,\infty}$, preprint in 1994.

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