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Bacterial diversity and bio-potentials of culturable bacteria associated with different age sediments of Svalbard, Arctic

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Bacterial diversity and bio-potentials of culturable bacteria associated with different age sediments of Svalbard, Arctic

Purnima Singh 1* • Shiv Mohan Singh 2 • Alok Srivastava 3 • Utpal Roy 1

1 Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani-K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India

2 National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-da-Gama,Goa 403804, India

3 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Uttar Pradesh-275101, India

Permafrost is a unique habitat in polar environment and has ecological and biotechnological importance. The present study is focused on characterization of bacterial communities from permafrost pit profiles of Svalbard, Arctic. The culturable count of the isolates ranged from 1.50 x 10 3 to 2.22 x 10 5 CFUs/g while the total bacterial numbers ranged from 1.14 x 10 5 and 5.52 x 10 5 cells/g soil. Representative bacterial isolates were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and results indicate that Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas were the most dominant genera with A. sulfonivorans, A. bergeri, P. mandelii and P. jessenii as the dominant species. Rest of the species belonged to genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Nesterenkonia, Psychrobacter, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Sphingobacterium, Sphingopyxis, Stenotrophomonas and Virgibacillus. Radiocarbon dates of the Permafrost pit profile sediments were analysed. The bacteria preserved in the different sediments studied aged 12250 to 44800 years old. To the best of our knowledge this is the first record of culturable bacterial communities and their chronological characterization from permafrost pit profile from Svalbard, Arctic. Physiological, biochemical, antibiotic susceptibility and enzyme screening tests were carried out. Cold-adapted enzyme production ability of the bacterial isolates provides a clue to their potential prospect in biotechnological research.

Figure 1 Map of Spitsbergen, Kongsfjord, Arctic Figure 2 Number of genera reported at each showing sampling sites (•1 to •5). permafrost soil age.

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Table 1. Showing the enzyme production by the isolated strains, AMS dates of sediments, NCBI sequences deposition numbers and identification of strains through 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity (%).

Strain no.

NCBI Sequence deposition no.

Identification

(16S rRNA gene sequences similarity (%))

Age

A myl as e C e ll u las e Li p as e P r ot e as e U r e as e

PF1T3 KC311567 Arthrobacter sulfonivorans (FM955860) 99.0% Recent - - - - ++

PF1T1 KC311565 Arthrobacter bergeri ( AJ609630) by 98.1% Recent + - - + +

PF3T1 KC311585 Arthrobacter sp. (JF313086) by 99.1% Recent - + + - ++

PF1T4 KC311568 Arthrobacter sp. (JF313088) by 99.4% Recent - + - - ++

PF4T1 KC311591 Arthrobacter sp. (GU733460) by 98.2% Recent - - + + ++

PF4T2 KC311592 Arthrobacter sp. (GU733460) by 98.6% Recent - - - + +

PF5B1 KC311599 Acinetobacter johnsonii ( KC422707) by 99.8% Recent - - - + ++

PF3T4 KC311615 Pseudomonas sp. (AY035996) by 98.8% Recent - - - - +

PF3T5 KC311616 Pseudomonas sp. (GU391451) by 98.2% Recent - - - - +

PF3T2 KC311613 Pseudomonas sp. (HM224459) by 98.4% Recent - - - - ++

PF5T1 KC311623 Pseudomonas sp. (AF105385) by 97.7% Recent - - - - +

PF3T6 KC311627 Sphingobacterium sp. (HM352330) by 97.7% Recent - - + + ++

PF5B2 KC311625 Psychrobacter sp. (FN377742) by 99.3% 12250 - - + - +

PF1B1 KC311564 Acinetobacter johnsonii ( KC422707) by 99.8% 13850 - - + - +

PF1B3 KC311602 Pseudomonas sp. (JF313066) by 99.8% 13850 - - - - ++

PF1B6 KC311630 Virgibacillus pantothenticus (AB681789) by 99.7% 13850 - - - - ++

PF4M4 KC311596 Arthrobacter sp. (JQ396586) by 97.8% 14850 - + - + ++

PF5M1 KC311598 Arthrobacter sp. (JF313088) by 98.6% 14150 - + - - +

PF4M3 KC311595 Arthrobacter sp. (JF313071) by 99.3% 14850 - - - - ++

PF1M2 KC311617 Stenotrophomonas sp. (JQ977692) by 99.8% 22700 - + + + ++

PF4B2 KC311629 Arthrobacter sp. (JQ396594) by 99.3% 24300 - - + + ++

PF3M2 KC311617 Pseudomonas mandelii (KF484687) by 99.8% 32300 - - + + ++

PF3B4 KC311590 Arthrobacter sp. (HF548458) by 99.6% 37000 - - - + -

PF3B2 KC311588 Arthrobacter sp. (JF313088) by 99.6% 37000 - - - - ++

PF3B5 KC311621 Pseudomonas sp. (AY263478) by 99.6% 37000 + - - + +

PF2M1 KC311576 Arthrobacter sp. (AM491456) by 99.9% 38300 - + + - ++

PF2M3 KC311578 Arthrobacter sp. (JF313079) by 99.9%. 38300 - - - - +

PF2M8 KC311608 Pseudomonas jessenii (AM933510) by 99.8% 38300 - - + + ++

PF2M12 KC311612 Pseudomonas mandelii (NR_024902) 98.7% 38300 - - - + +

PF2M7 KC311607 Pseudomonas sp. (KC236872) by 98.6% 38300 - - + + ++

PF2M9 KC311609 Pseudomonas sp. (JF312955) by 99.8% 38300 - - + + ++

PF2B4 KC311600 Bacillus sp. (DQ084543) by 99.8% 44800 + - + + ++

図

Figure 1 Map of Spitsbergen, Kongsfjord, Arctic Figure 2 Number of genera reported at each showing sampling sites (•1 to •5)
Table 1. Showing the enzyme production by the isolated strains, AMS dates of sediments, NCBI sequences deposition numbers and identification of strains through 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity (%)

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