事業継承に関する変革型リーダーシップの行動変化

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᯽ᮌ ⌮ె

ᇛすᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᅜ㝿࢔ࢻ࣑ࢽࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ◊✲⛉

Behavioral Change of Business Succession by Transformative Leadership

-%ased on questioner about mutual influence employee and leader in SEM-

Rika KASHIWAGI

Jyosai International University

It is important that small and medium-sized enterprise (SME)’s company owner’s leadership and human resource management such as nurture of a successor and successor development as the number of bankruptcies is increasing due to the shortage of successors. If the SME’s company owner has kept his qualities and concentrate for the company's performance and increase profit, then employee’s keep respect for the owner and may wish to take over the owner’s business when the owner wishes to retire. When the companies are faced with a serious problem, transformational type of leaders are more likely to recover profit and to reform and promoting business performance. On the other hand, when the company is well organized and good performance with increase profit, transformational type of leaders are easy to change their attitude and may easy to do illegal transaction rather than other types of leaders. The purpose of this paper is to clarify that the reasons why the transformative type of leaders would change their attitude and also to clarify that the timing of when he need to change his attitude by the result of questionnaires to SME’s owners about mutual influence employee and leader by using analyzed leadership theory.

.H\ZRUGVSmall and medium-sized enterprises, Business succession, Leadership theory, Organization Culture ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸୰ᑠ௻ᴗࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽࠊ⤌⧊ᩥ໬

Ϩ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ᮾிၟᕤࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡢࠕఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓ௻ᴗࠖືྥㄪᰝ(2019 ᖺ)࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓࡍࡿ௻ᴗࡢ࠺ࡕ 61.4㸣 ࡣᙜᮇ⣧฼┈ࡀ㯮Ꮠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᗫᴗࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ㧗㱋໬࡟ࡼࡿ♫㛗ࡸᙺဨࡢṚஸࠊ⑓Ẽࠊධ㝔࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿࠕᚋ⥅ ⪅୙㊊ࠖࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃࠊḟ࡟♫ဨࡢ⊂❧ࡸ㌿⫋࡛㏥⫋ࠊ஦ᴗ⥅⥆࡟ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠕேᮦ୙㊊ࠖࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ_ࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡣ඲యࡢ99.7㸣௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 85㸣ࡀᑠつᶍ௻ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1999 ᖺ௨㝆ࡣ୰つ ᶍᩘࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗᩘࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ≉࡟2014 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2016 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚኱௻ᴗࡣ㸯୓♫࠿ࡽ 47 ♫ቑຍࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࠊ୰つᶍ௻ᴗᩘࡣ53 ୓♫ࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ୓♫ῶᑡࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗᩘࡣ 305 ୓♫ࡢ࠺ࡕ 20 ୓♫ࡶῶᑡࡍࡿ ࡞࡝ᑠつᶍ஦ᴗ⪅ᩘࡢῶᑡࡀ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ_ࠋ *_{E-mail: [email protected]}

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ᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪ࡀᚋ⥅⪅࡟࡞ࡿࠕྠ᪘ᢎ⥅ࠖࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋ2017 ᖺ௨㝆࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ࡢ⣙ 3 ୓ 4000 ♫ࡢ࠺ࡕྠ᪘ࡀᢎ⥅ࡋࡓ๭ྜࡣ඲యࡢ 34.9㸣ࢆ ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ2017 ᖺࡼࡾ 6.7 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺపୗࠊ2018 ᖺࡼࡾ 4.7 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྠ᪘࡟ࡼࡿᚋ⥅⪅ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊࠕෆ㒊᪼᱁ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ࡣ඲యࡢ33.4㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2018 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1.8 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ 50 ௦ࡸ 60 ௦ࡢᖿ㒊ேᮦࡀෆ㒊᪼᱁ࡋ♫㛗࡟ᑵ௵ࡍࡿ౛ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓࠊෆ㒊⪅࡛࡞ࡃ♫እࡢ⛯⌮ኈ࡞࡝ࡢࠕ➨୕⪅࡟ࡼࡿ⥅ᢎࠖࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2019 ᖺࡣ 8.5㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ 2018 ᖺࡢ 7.4㸣࠿ࡽ 1.1 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺୖ᪼ࡋࡓ_ࠋ ᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡣ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗ᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ≉࡟ࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪ࡢ⫱ᡂࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇែࡶࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࠿ࡽᢕᥱ ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࠕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪࡜ാࡃࡇ࡜࡛௚ࡢᚑᴗဨࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ᪼㐍ࢆㅉࡵࠊ௙஦࡬ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀୗࡀࡗࡓࠖ ࡞࡝ᐇ⦼ࡢ࡞࠸⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪ࡀධ♫ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ᚑᴗဨࡢຠ⋡ࢆୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺౛ࡸ୰㛫⟶⌮ ⫋ࡣࠕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᜥᏊ࡟ࡣẼࢆ౑࠺࠿ࡽ௚ࡢᚋ㍮ࡢᚑᴗဨ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ྏࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝⤒㦂 ୙㊊ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪࡜௚ࡢⱝᡭࡢᚑᴗဨࢆྠ➼࡟ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆၥ㢟どࡍࡿ ᅇ⟅ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௚᪉ࠊఏ⤫ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟࡜᪂ࡋ࠸ឤぬࡢⱝ࠸Ꮚ౪࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶពぢࡢ㐪࠸࠿ࡽ☜ᇳ ࡀ࡛ࡁᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸౛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟Ꮚ౪ࡀᚋ⥅⪅࡟࡞ࡿ࡜Ỵ᩿ࡋࡓᚋࡶࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࢩࢵࣉࡀ࠶ࡾᨵ㠉ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ๰ᴗ⪅࡛࠶ࡿぶ࡜ẚ㍑ࡉࢀ⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࠕぶࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡍࡂ ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢᚋ⥅⪅ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡎࠊຎ➼ឤࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶ ࠶ࡗࡓ_ࠋ ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡀ῝้໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡸ◊ಟࡀຠᯝⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣ᪥ᮏ⊂≉ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᚑᴗဨ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊྠ᫬࡟ ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡢᛶ㉁ࡸ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࠊ≉ᚩ࡞࡝࡟ࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟ከ࠸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࡣࠊ୙⚈஦Ⓨ⏕᫬ᮇࡸ୙ἣ᫬࡞࡝㠀᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ௚ࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡼࡾࡶᨵ㠉ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ௻ᴗᡂ㛗 ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᖖࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ㛫㐪ࡗࡓ⾜ື࡟ࡼࡾ⤌⧊ࢆṍࡵ฼ᕫ ⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃ ࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࡜฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ௻ᴗᡂ㛗ࡢࡓࡵࡢ ேᮦ⫱ᡂࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟඘ศ࡟㈨※ࢆ㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡀ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࡀ⮬ᕫ୰ᚰⓗ࡟࡞ࡾ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀຊࡋ㐨ᚨほࡢព㆑ࡀḞዴࡋࡓሙྜࠊᑛᩗࡉࢀࡎᚋ⥅⪅ࡀ ࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ୙ṇࢆ⾜࠺ࣜࢫࢡࡶቑ࠼ࡿࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢ᫬ᮇࡀ㐣ࡂࡿ࡜ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ౯್ほ ࡀኚ໬ࡋ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ࡞࡝㐺ษ࡞ุ᩿ࡀṍࡳࠊ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືࡢኚ໬ࡸཎᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⌮ㄽⓗయ⣔࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࡑࡢせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ

ϩ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࡓࡵࡢ 0 $ ᨻ⟇࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ

ᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡀ㐍ࡲࡎᚋ⥅⪅ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸≧ែࡢࡲࡲ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ㧗㱋໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ2019 ᖺ࡟ᗫᴗࡋࡓ௻ ᴗࡢ࠺ࡕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ80 ௦௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ඲యࡢ 16.9㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡢࡣ 70 ௦࡛ 39㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊḟ࠸࡛60 ௦ࡣ 27.5㸣࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ60 ௦௨ୖࡀ඲యࡢ 83.5㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ60 ௦ࡢᵓᡂẚ⋡ࡣ๓ᖺࡼ ࡾ1.5 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺపୗࡋࡓࡀࠊ70 ௦௨ୖࡣ 1.2 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ_ࠋ ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ㧗㱋໬࡞࡝ࡀཎᅉ࡛୰ᑠ௻ᴗᩘࡢῶᑡࡀ⥆ࡃ࡜ࠊ2025 ᖺ㡭ࡲ࡛࡟᭱኱⣙ 650 ୓ேࡢ㞠⏝࡜⣙ 22

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95 ඙෇ศࡢGDP㸦ᅜෆ⥲⏕⏘㸧ࡀ႙ኻࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬_{ࡢヨ⟬ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࡣ}_{2019 ᖺ} ࡢࠕ➨୕⪅ᢎ⥅ᨭ᥼⥲ྜࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠊ౯್࠶ࡿ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᗫᴗ࡟ṑṆࡵࡀ࠿࠿ࡽࡎࠊᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 㞠⏝ࡸᢏ⾡ࡀኻࢃࢀࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜༴ᶵឤࢆ♧ࡋࠊ2025 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟㯮Ꮠᗫᴗࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⣙ 60 ୓♫ࡢ➨୕ ⪅ᢎ⥅ࢆಁࡍ┠ᶆࢆᥖࡆࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࡀ2015 ᖺ⟇ᐃࡢࠕ஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࠖࢆ඲㠃ᨵゞࡋࠊ ࠕ୰ᑠM&A ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࠖࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࡓࠋ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࡀ⟇ᐃࡋࡓ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ 5 ࢝ᖺィ⏬࡟ࡼࡾࠊ඲ᅜ࡟஦ᴗᢎ ⥅ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀẼ㍍࡟ゼ ၥࡋ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᡭᩘᩱࢆ↓ᩱ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࢆ᥈ࡋࡓ࠸௻ᴗഃ࡜㈙཰ࡋࡓ࠸ഃࢆᘬࡁྜࢃ ࡏࡿ࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢM&A ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣእ㒊ࡢ⛯⌮ኈࡸၟᕤ఍㆟ᡤ࡞࡝ࡀᑐᛂ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚑ᮶ࡣ㧗㱋ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ௚ே࡟⮬ศࡢ௻ᴗࢆᘬࡁ⥅࠸࡛ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㌋㌉ࡍࡿഴྥࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ㠃㆑ࡢ࠶ ࡿၟᕤ఍㆟ᡤࡀ௰௓࡟ධࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚋ⥅⪅᥈ࡋࡀᮏ᱁໬ࡋࠊࡲࡓ⮬㌟ࡢ⤒Ⴀ≧ἣࡸᑗ᮶ᛶࢆᐈほどࡋࠊ෭㟼࡞ ุ᩿ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᚑ᮶ࡢྠࡌ஦ᴗࢆᏑ⥆ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣᡂ㛗ᛶࡀప࠸ࡓࡵࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡀ᪂ࡋࡃࢳ ࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿ᪂つᢞ㈨࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ2017 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2020 ᖺࡲ࡛஦ᴗᢎ⥅⿵ຓ㔠ไᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ⤥௜ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛2019 ᖺ࡟඲ᅜ࡛ఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓࡋࡓ௻ᴗࡣ 4 ୓ 3348 ௳࡛๓ᖺẚ 7.2㸣ῶᑡ࡜ࠊ2 ᖺࡪࡾ࡟ῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ2019 ᖺࡢᚋ⥅⪅୙ᅾ⋡㸦඲ᅜ࣭඲ᴗ✀㸧ࡣ ඲యࡢ 65.2㸣࡜࡞ࡾࠊ2018 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1.2 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜ⱝᖸపୗࡋࡓࠋᨻᗓࡢᢎ⥅ᨭ᥼ᨻ⟇ࡀᆅᇦ࡜୍య࡜࡞ࡾ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᗫᴗࡢᢚ ไ࡟ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀᡂᯝࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿ_ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ➹⪅ࡢࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ_{࠿ࡽࡣከࡃࡢㄢ㢟ࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ} ࡲࡎࠊ஦ᴗᢎ⥅᫬࡟ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ಖドࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋ⥅⪅ೃ⿵࡟ࡣ㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋ⥅⪅࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜௻ ᴗෆࡢ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨࡀỴ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᐙ᪘ࡀ⤒Ⴀ⪅ಖド࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮⏤࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿ౛ࡶ࠶ ࡿࠋᨻᗓࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ಖドࡢゎ㝖ࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࠊ ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ඲ᅜಙ⏝ಖド༠఍㐃ྜ఍ࠕ஦ᴗᢎ⥅≉ูಖドไᗘࠖ ࢆ᪂タࡋࡓࠋၟᕤ୰㔠࡞࡝ᨻᗓ⣔㔠⼥ᶵ㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㈨⏘㉸㐣࡞࡝୍ᐃࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ௻ᴗ࡟ࡣཎ๎↓ൾ ໬ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛᪂つ⼥㈨⪅ࡣᚤቑࡋࡓࡀࠊᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸௻ᴗࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ㧗㱋໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊពᛮỴᐃࡢ㐜ࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ࡀࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟࠸࠿ࡎࠊᗫᴗࡍࡿ ౛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡀゎỴࡉࢀ࡞࠸⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡢᛶ㉁࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗 ࡜ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢேᮦ⫱ᡂࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟㞟୰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀᶒ㝈ࡢಖᣢࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢᣑ኱࡞ ࡝౯್ほࡢኚ໬࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⾜ືࡀኚ໬ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀᚋ⥅⪅᥈ࡋ࡟ࡶᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ౛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟ከ࠸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣࠊ㠀᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ௻ᴗࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡿ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ ࡛ࡁ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࠊᡂ㛗᫬ᮇࡀᣢ⥆໬ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ௚ࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡼࡾࡶពᛮỴ ᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫཬࡧ㐺ṇ࡞⤌⧊࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ỵ᩿ࡀṍࡳጞࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ Burns(1978)࡞࡝ࡢ ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ᫬ᮇࡣࠊᴗ⦼ಁ㐍᫬࡞ࡢ࠿ᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡞ ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ௻ᴗࡣ஦๓࡟ᑐ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ ᶒ㝈ࢆ㸯ே࡟㞟୰ࡉࡏࡎศᩓ໬ࡋ㈐௵ࢆ⣽ศ໬ࡋࡓࡾࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࢆ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࠿ࡽ㐍ࡵࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⮬ᕫ ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ពᛮỴᐃࢆ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ᾐ㏱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᢚไ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᚑࡗ࡚ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࠊ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡬ࡢᾐ㏱࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࠊ≉࡟ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡛࠶ࡿᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࠊࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࢆᇶ┙࡟ᵓ㐀 ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ

(4)

Ϫ ඛ⾜◊✲

㸯 ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪 ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺ࡛ពᛮỴᐃ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿ኱௻ᴗ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡣ⤌⧊ࡶᑠࡉࡃᚑᴗဨࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡓ ࡵࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐙ᪘ࡄࡿࡳࡢ ௜ࡁྜ࠸ࡀከࡃࠊ᥇⏝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡶ῝ࡃ࡞ࡾࡸ ࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ≉࡟஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ேᮦ⫱ᡂࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡣ㟂せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᚋ⥅⪅㑅ࡧ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᴗ⦼࡬ ࡢ㈉⊩ࡼࡾࡶே㛫㛵ಀࡸே⬦࡟ࡼࡾ㑅ࡪ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡶከ࠸ࠋ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢᮏ㉁ࡣࠊHeifets(1994)࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡞ព㆑ࡢኚ໬ࢆಁࡍ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᐃ ᮇⓗᴗົ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏕⏘ᛶࠊ⬟⋡ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㠀ᐃᮇᴗົ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚ 1970 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟⛣⾜ࡋࡓࠋ ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣᨻ἞Ꮫ⪅ࡢBurns(1978)࡟ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀࡓᴫᛕ࡛ࠊ஺᥮ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ᑐẚࡉ ࢀࡓࠋᴗ⦼୺⩏ࡢሗ㓘࡜஺᥮ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ஺᥮ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜␗࡞ࡾኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ ᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡾࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀࡼࡾ㧗࠸㢪ᮃࡸ⬟ຊࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣᚑᴗဨ ࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢືᶵ௜ࡅࠊ‶㊊ᗘࠊᴗ⦼࡞࡝࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ㆟ㄽࡢ୰ᚰࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊBass(1985)௨㝆ࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ౯್࡞࡝ࡢኚ㠉ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊBurns(1978)ࡸ House(1977)ࠊBass(1985)࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓ୕ḟඖࣔࢹࣝ࠿ࡽ Bass

& Avolio(1995)ࡢᅄḟඖ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸯㸧⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ 㸰㸧ゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่ ⃭ 㸱㸧ᙺ๭ࣔࢹࣝ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢάᛶ໬ 㸲㸧ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿ ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸯㸧ࡢࠕ⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶࠖࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢ┠ᶆ࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙜ஦⪅ព㆑ࡀ⤖ࡧ௜ࡃࡼ࠺ಁࡋࠊ ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᕼᮃࠊ㢪ᮃ࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ⊩㌟ⓗ࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࢆぢࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢព㆑ࢆ㧗 ࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸰㸧ࡢࠕ㰘⯙ࡍࡿືᶵ௜ࡅࠖࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ⬟ຊ௨ୖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࿘▱ ࡋࠊࡑࡢぢᮏ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮⮬㌟ࡶ⮬ࡽ⋡ඛࡋ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡋぢ⩦ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ ࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ᣮᡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂☜໬ࡋࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᮇᚅឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ࠊࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⾲㸯 Bass & Avolio(1995)࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⾜ື≉ᛶ

㸯 ⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ ௻ᴗ┠ᶆ࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ᙜ஦⪅ࡢព㆑ࡀ⤖ࡧ௜ࡃࡼ࠺ಁࡍࠋ ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟⊩㌟ⓗ࡛⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᕼ ᮃࠊ㢪ᮃ࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㰘⯙ࡍࡿືᶵ௜ࡅ ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟⬟ຊ௨ୖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࿘▱ࠋ ᣮᡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂☜ࠊᮇᚅឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ⾜ືࡢព࿡ࢆఏ࠼ࠊࣇ ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢດຊࡢᶍ⠊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ 㸱ゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่⃭ ኚ໬࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᛮ⪃ἲࢆ๰㐀ࡋࠊㄢ㢟࣭ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐪࠺ どⅬ࡛ࡢ඲యീࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࠋ 㸲 ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖ ಶูࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛗ᡤ࡜▷ᡤࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ ྜࢃࡏ࡚௙஦ࢆ⪃࠼࡚๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿࠋࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᖾ⚟࡟㛵 ᚰࢆ♧ࡍࠋ

(5)

97 ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡣࠊᣮᡓㄢ㢟ࡢ᫂グ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࢀ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚⾜ືࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ព࿡ࢆఏ࠼ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ ⾜ື࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ⋡ඛࡋ࡚ぢࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ດຊࡍࡿព࿡࡜౯್ࢆ⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸱㸧ࡢࠕゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่⃭ࠖࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡀ୙⚈஦࡟㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡸᴗ⦼ᝏ໬᫬࡞࡝ࡢ༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣࡢ᫬࡟ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸࢔࢖ࢹ࢔࡞࡝ᑐᛂࡍࡿᛮ⪃ἲࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊゎỴࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ㄢ㢟ࡸၥ㢟Ⅼ࡟ᑐ ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡜ࡣ㐪࠺どⅬ࡛ࡢ඲యീࢆ๰㐀ࠊᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸲㸧ࡢࠕࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖ࠖ ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣࠊಶูࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛗ᡤ࡜▷ᡤࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊ⬟ຊ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚௙஦ࢆ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࠊ㐺ᛶ⬟ຊࢆⓎ ᥹ࡋࡸࡍࡃࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᖾ⚟࡟㛵ᚰࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢຠ⏝ࢆ 㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௚᪉ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ+RXVHࡣࠊ≧ἣ࡟ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ༴ᶵⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗࡓ᫬ ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊ&RQJHU .DQXQJRࡣࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ື ᐃᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࠊ ศᯒࡋࠊ⌧≧ࢆྰᐃࡋ᪂┠ᶆࢆᥦ♧ࠊᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢព㆑࡟ᙉࡃാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿࡢࢆ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜ ࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ:HEHU࡞࡝ࡢ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊ⤌⧊ࡀ༴ᶵⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗࡓ㠀ᖖ᫬࡟㧗࠸ ⬟ຊࡢⓎ᥹ࢆࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡣ୙ἣ᫬࡞࡝ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ ᙉ࠸ᜍᛧࡸ୙Ᏻឤࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ᨵ㠉ࢆồࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ ࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙧᘧⓗ࡞つᐃ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠕྜ⌮ⓗᨭ㓄ࠖࠊ⛛ᗎ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ᫇࠿ࡽᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕఏ⤫ⓗᨭ 㓄ࠖࠊ≉ู࡞ᡯ⬟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࿘ᅖࡀᢎㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ⓗᨭ㓄ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ +RXVH 6KDPLU࡞࡝ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢඹ㏻Ⅼࢆከࡃᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡀከ࠸ࠋࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢព㆑ࡸែᗘࢆኚᐜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢඹ㏻Ⅼ࠿ࡽ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵ ࣉࡣኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ྠ⩏࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ .DUN 6KDPLUࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫᴫᛕࡢኚᐜࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ ⾜ື࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡣࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ㔜せ࡜ᣦ᦬ࠊ/RDG%URZQ )ULEHUJࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫᴫᛕࢆ㸯㸧ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ⮬㌟ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ಶேⓗࣞ࣋ࣝ 㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙺ๭ 㸱㸧㞟ᅋ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ୍ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࢆ࡝࠺࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㞟ᅋࣞ ࣋ࣝ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢಶேⓗࠊ㞟ᅋⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿ࡜⮬ᕫຠຊឤࠊ⮬ᑛᚰࠊάຊࠊ᭷ ព࿡ឤࡀಁࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ'YLU(GHQ$YROLR 6KDPLUࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ ◊ಟࢆཷࡅࡓேࡣཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡼࡾ⮬ᕫຠຊឤࠊ㞟ᅋᚿྥࠊດຊࠊᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡀඃ఩࡟࡞ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ▼ᕝ㸦2009㸧ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡾࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀ 㧗࠸᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡞࡝๰㐀ᛶࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㒊⨫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢳ࣮࣒ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ⥔ᣢࡢつ⠊ࢆ㧗ࡵ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊPrice(2003)ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢືᶵࡣ౯್ほ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ฼௚ⓗ࠿฼ᕫⓗ࠿࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢุ᩿ࡣࡑ ࡢ౯್ほ࡟୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛Ỵࡲࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࡔ ࡅࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ᏶඲฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠊᮏ᮶ࡣ฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほࡔࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡞࡝࿘ᅖࡢ≧ἣ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ ⾲㸰 Price ࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┿࡜ഇࡢ஧ඖⓗᯟ⤌ࡳ ฼௚ⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ౯್ほࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡛⾜ືࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡞᏶඲฼௚ⓗ࡞ࣜ ࣮ࢲ࣮ ୍㈏ࡋ࡚᭱ึ࠿ࡽ⮬ᕫ฼┈ࡔࡅࢆ㏣ồࡋ౯್ほࡶ ฼ᕫⓗ࡞᏶඲฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ⾜ືࡣ฼ᕫⓗࡔࡀࠊ᏶඲࡟฼ᕫⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ౯್ほ ࡣ฼௚ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ᮏ᮶ࠊ฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほࡔࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡞࡝࿘ᅖࡢ≧ ἣ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ฟᡤ㸸Price(2003)࡜᪥㔝㸦2004㸧ࢆඖ࡟➹⪅సᡂࠋ

(6)

㡪࡟ࡼࡾ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋ 㸰 ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪 ኱௻ᴗ࡟ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜つᶍࡶᑠࡉ࠸୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ≉࡟୰ᑠ௻ ᴗࡢᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡜ࡑࡢᐇែࡢゎ᫂ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢෆᐜࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ ࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠋᚋ⥅⪅ࡢᩍ⫱ࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ௻ᴗࡸ⤌⧊ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮⮬㌟ࡢሗ㓘ࠊ᫬㛫ࠊປຊ࡞࡝ࢆ≛≅࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽᨭᣢࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ⾜ື࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࢆ㍍どࡋࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ ᮃࡴࡶࡢࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ฼௚ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙉ࠸ᅽຊ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ຊ࡜฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟ࡼ ࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋChoi and Mai-Dalton㸦1999㸧ࡣࠊ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⾜ືࡢ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ9DQ.QLSSHQEHUJ, B., & 9DQ.QLSSHQEHUJ, D. () ࡣࠊ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ⏕⏘ᛶࡢỈ‽ࡸຠ⋡ᛶࡢホ౯ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ࡞࡝࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛ࠊࣇ ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡸࡑࡢලయⓗ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢせᅉࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ືኚ໬ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡲࡾࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ≉࡟᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ࡟ࡣ⊂≉ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜Ḣ⡿ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡸࠊࡲ ࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨ⫋ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢㄪᰝࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜ ࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࡢ◊✲ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊኚ㠉ᆺ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡾ฼ᕫⓗ࡞᪉ྥ࡬⾜ືࢆኚ໬ࡍࡿせᅉࡸ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣぢ࠶ࡓࡽ ࡞࠸ࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇ࡜ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟୚ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡶཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ ୖグࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ௬ㄝࢆタᐃࡋࠊ௬ㄝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࠊศᯒࡍࡿࠋ 㸯㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯㸫㸯㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ 㸯㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠋ 㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᴗ⦼ࡸᚑᴗဨᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡓ᫬࡟㉳ࡁࡿࠋ 㸰㸫㸯㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀዲㄪ࡛࠶ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠋ 㸰㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࢆቑဨࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠋ

ϫ

ϫ ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸦⤒Ⴀ⪅㸧ࡢᙳ㡪

㸯 ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᑐ㇟⪅࡜ᴫせ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࠊᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㮵ඣᓥᕷ࡟࠾ࡅ ࡿ୰ᑠ࣭㞽⣽௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟2020 ᖺ 3 ᭶࠿ࡽ 5 ᭶ᮎࡲ࡛ 84 ே࡟࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࠊᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓ_{ࠋᚑᴗဨᩘ} ࡀ1 ே࠿ࡽ 5 ேࡢ㞽⣽௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ 72 ே࡛ 86㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘࡀ 6 ே࠿ࡽ 10 ேࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ 6 ே࡛ 7㸣ࠊ

(7)

ᚑᴗဨᩘ ே࠿ࡽ ேࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ ே࠿ࡽ ேࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ ே࡛ 㸮㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ ே௨ୖࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗᖺᩘࡣ ᖺ࠿ࡽ ᖺ┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ┠࠿ࡽ ᖺ┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ┠࠿ࡽ ᖺ┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ௨ୖࡣ ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗ ௦┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ ே࡛㸶㸣ࠊ ௦┠௨ୖࡣ ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㧗㱋ࡢ ⤒Ⴀ⪅ཬࡧ๰ᴗ⪅ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡸぶ᪘࡟ࡼࡿ஧௦┠ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ୰ᅜࡢṊ₎࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥࠿ࡽ ᭶ᮎࡲ࡛ ேࡢ୰ ᑠ࣭㞽⣽௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ ேࡢ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋᚑᴗဨᩘࡣࠊ ே ࠿ࡽ ேࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ே࠿ࡽ ேࡀ ே 㸣ࠊ ே࠿ࡽ ேࡀ ேࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛ 㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ ே࠿ࡽ ேࡣࠊ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ ே௨ୖࡀ ே࡛㸴㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗᖺᩘࡣ ᖺ࠿ࡽ ᖺࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ࠿ࡽ ᖺࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ࠿ࡽ ᖺࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ௨ୖࡣ ே࡛㸴㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗ ௦┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠௨ୖࡣ ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋࢆᘬ ࡁ⥅࠸ࡔ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ༙ศ௨ୗ࡛๰ᴗࡋ࡚ࡲࡔᩘᖺࡢ⤒㦂ࡢὸ࠸⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࠋ 㸰㸰 ᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪 ࡲࡎࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ ᕳᮎ⾲ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢ ࠕᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ ࡚᪥ᮏࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊࠕᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣపୗࡋࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ⤒ Ⴀ⪅ࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ ே࡛㸣ࡔࡗࡓࠋ ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ࡣ᥇⏝ࡸゎ㞠࡞࡝ࡢே஦࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡲ࡛ཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀࠊ኎ୖࡀఙࡧ࡚ᴗ⦼ࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࢀ ࡤ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ⮬ಙࡀࡘࡃࡓࡵࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ ࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ㈐௵ࢆឤࡌ⮬ಙࢆ࡞ࡃࡋពᛮỴᐃࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀᙅࡃ࡞ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡶࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢᅇ⟅࠿ ࡽ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡓ_ࠋ ᅗ⾲㸯 ୺࡞࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ᪥୰ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ ฟᡤ㸸࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࢆඖ࡟➹⪅సᡂ ᴗ⦼ዲㄪ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧 ᴗ⦼ዲㄪ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧 ᴗ⦼ప㏞᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧 ᴗ⦼ప㏞᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧 ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿᶵ఍ࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧 ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿᶵ఍ࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧 ᚑᴗဨቑဨ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧 ᚑᴗဨቑဨ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧㠀ᖖ࡟ ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ᑡࡋ ඲ࡃ

(8)

୰ᅜࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛ࡣᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡣࠊࠕ大変ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࡢࡀ 16 ே࡛ 15㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗ ࡓࠖࡀ 59ே࡛ 56㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ 18ே࡛ 17%ࠊࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ 13ே࡛ 12%࡛࠶ࡾࠊᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡣࠊ ࠕ大変ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࡢࡀ 13ே࡛ 12㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 40ே࡛ 38㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ 33ே࡛31㸣ࠊ ࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ 20ே࡛ 19㸣࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ୖグࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊ௨ୗࡣ࠾࠾ࡴ ࡡᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ௬ㄝ㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᴗ⦼ࡸࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡓ᫬࡟㉳ࡁࡿ 㸰㸫㸯㸧ᴗ⦼ಁ㐍᫬࡟ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑ࠼ࡿ 㸱㸱㛗㛗ᮇᮇ㞠㞠⏝⏝ࡢࡢᚑᚑᴗᴗဨဨ࡜࡜⤒⤒ႠႠ⪅⪅ࡢࡢᙳᙳ㡪㡪ຊຊ࡟࡟࠾࠾ࡅࡅࡿࡿ⤖⤖ᯝᯝ ḟ࡟⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜ᚑᴗဨࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᐙ᪘ࡄࡿࡳࡢ௜ࡁྜ࠸ࢆࡍࡿ࡞࡝┦஫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ≉࡟ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ୰㛫⟶⌮⫋࡟࡞ࡿ㡭࡟⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡀᙉ໬ࡉࢀࠊ┦ ஫ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡣᵓ㐀ၥ㢟࡟㔜せ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ࠶ࡿ。 ࡲࡎࠊ໅⥆ᖺᩘࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑࡋࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊḟࡢ ㉁ၥࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ ᕳᮎ⾲ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢ 8ࠕ໅⥆ᖺᩘࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡗࡁࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ቑ࠼ࡓࠖࡀ 41ே࡛ 49㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶࠶ࡗࡓࠖ ࡀ 16ே࡛ 19㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 23ே࡛ 27㸣ࠊࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 4ே࡛ 5㸣࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚑᴗဨࡢ໅⥆ᖺᩘࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊ⌧ሙࡢᗑ⯒࡞࡝࡟㊊ࢆ㐠ࡤ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከࡃࡳ ࡽࢀࠊࡇࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊᚑᴗဨࡀ୍ே๓࡟࡞ࡾ௵ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ_ࠊ_{ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ} ⌧ሙ࡟࠸࡚ḧࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟Ẽࢆ౑࠸⌧ሙࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕ⑓Ẽ࡛ධ 㝔ࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᚑᴗဨ࡟㢗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ⤖ᯝࡶᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ㧗㱋໬ࡀ㐍ࡳᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡀ῝้໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ⑓Ẽ࡛ఇࡳࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡛࠶ࡿᚑ ᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏ࡚㢗ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋᴗ⦼࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ ព㆑ࡣ᪥ᮏே⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ୰ᅜࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛ࡣࠕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ大変、ቑ࠼ࡓࠖࡀ 18ே࡛ 17㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 27ே࡛ 26㸣ࠊ ࠕᑡࡋ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 29ே࡛ 27㸣ࠊࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 32ே࡛ 30㸣࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୖグࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⾲㸱㸫㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅇᖐศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣࠕᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊቑࡋࡓࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┠ⓗኚᩘࠕᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏࡓࠖሙྜ࡛ᅇᖐ ศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ 0.978࡞ࡢ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋt್ࡶ⤯ᑐ್ࡀ 42.92࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣ┠ⓗኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᚑᴗဨࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ാࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜ࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡶ῝ࡲࡾࠊಙ㢗㛵ಀࡶᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟⤒Ⴀ ⪅ࡀ⑓Ẽ࡟࡞ࡿ࡞࡝౫Ꮡࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾẼࢆ㐵࠺㛵ಀ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ ୖグࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ௬ㄝ㸯㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡃ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿのうち㸯㸫㸯㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ㸯㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ඘ศ࡞⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟ࡣ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏ࡚ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ᪂つ㛤ᣅ࡞࡝ࡢ௙஦ࢆࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ௒ᚋࡶࡉࡽ࡞ࡿㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(9)

101 ⾲㸱㸫㸯㛗ᮇ㞠⏝ࡢᚑᴗဨ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ յؾ౹ܯ ॑૮ؖ 5 ॑݀ఈ 5 ึਜ਼ 5 ඬ६ޣࠫ ؏଎਼ ෾ࢆ෾ੵන ࣙ༟ౕ รಊ ෾ࢆ ؏଎͠Ηͪ෾ࢆ ർ ༙қ ) յؾ ( ࢔ࠫ ߻ܯ ܐ਼ ඬ६ޣࠫ W 3஍ Ծݸ ৏ݸ Ծݸ ৏ݸ ઀ฤ ; ஍ ( 㸲㸲 ᚑᴗဨᩘ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝ ḟ࡟ᚑᴗဨࡢቑຍ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ ࠕᚑᴗဨࢆቑࡸࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ ࡀ29 ே࡛ 35㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ21 ே࡛ 25㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ21 ேࠊ25㸣࡛ࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 13 ே࡛15㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 2019 ᖺࠊᒣཱྀ┴ࡢᒣཱྀྠ཭఍఍ဨࡢ௻ᴗ 128 ♫ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓ_{ࠕᬒẼ࡜ồேࡢືྥㄪᰝࠖࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖} ᯝࡢ᥇⏝ເ㞟᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕࣁ࣮࣮ࣟ࣡ࢡࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ௻ᴗࡀ40㸣ࠊࠕồேㄅ⣬ࠖࡀ16㸣࡛ ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊࠕྠ཭఍ඹྠồேࠖࡀ2㸣ࠊࠕᏛᰯ❆ཱྀࠖࡀ 7㸣ࠊࠕྜྠㄝ᫂఍ࠖࡀ 7㸣ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠕᆅᇦ࣭཭ேࡢࢶ ࢸࠖࡀ25㸣ࠊࠕࡑࡢ௚ࠖࡀ 6㸣࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᥇⏝ヨ㦂ࡢᡭἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕ㠃᥋ࡢࡳࠖ࡜ࠕ㠃᥋࡜➹グࠖ ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜81.5㸣࡟ୖࡾࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡀ11㸣࡛ࠊ᥇⏝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢሙྜࠊே⬦ࡸ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ┤᥋ࠊ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ౛ࡀከࡃࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡟⮬ศࡀ㑅ࢇࡔᚑᴗဨࡀቑ࠼ࡿ ࡜ࠊ⮬ศࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᨭᣢ⪅ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊᙳ㡪ຊࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከ࠸࡜ᛮ ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢഴྥࡣ୰ᅜࡼࡾ㧗ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣᴗ⦼ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢே㛫㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡍࡿഴ ྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊẼࢆ౑࠸ྜ࠺㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ10 ே࡛ 9㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ 㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ69 ே࡛ 65㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ 0 ே࡛ 0㸣ࠊࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 27 ே࡛ 26㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓㄝ᫂ኚᩘࠕᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊቑࡋࡓࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┠ⓗኚᩘࠕᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏࡓࠖ࡜ ᅇᖐศᯒࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⾲㸱㸫㸰ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙉࡃࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ┦㛵ಀᩘࡀ 0.927 ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽ ࢀࡓࠋt ್ࡶ⤯ᑐ್ࡀ22.49 ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣ┠ⓗኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᚑࡗ࡚௨ୗࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

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⾲㸱㸫㸰 ᚑᴗဨᩘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ ᅇᖐ⤫ィ㔜┦㛵5 㔜Ỵᐃ ⿵ṇ5 ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ ほ ᩘ ศᩓศᯒ⾲ ⮬⏤ᗘ ኚື ศᩓ ほ ࡉࢀࡓศᩓ ẚ ᭷ព) ᅇᖐ ( ṧᕪ ྜィ ಀᩘ ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ W 3್ ୗ㝈 ୖ㝈 ୗ㝈 ୖ㝈 ษ∦ ; ್ ( ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࡟▱ࡾྜ࠸࡞࡝ࢆ᪂つ࡟᥇⏝ࡋࠊᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑຍࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࠊ ௨ୗࡣࠊ࠾࠾ࡴࡡᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ௬ㄝ㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᴗ⦼ࡸᚑᴗဨᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡓ᫬࡟㉳ࡁࡿ ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏࡿሙྜࡣࠊ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨࡀ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡟❧ࡕᒃࡩࡿࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࢆ↮ ࡓࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶቑ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࡓࡵࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㐲៖ࡋ࡚⌧ሙ࡟⾜࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ௨ୗࡢ௬ㄝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⑓Ẽ࡞࡝࡛㛗ᮇධ㝔ࡋࠊᚑ ᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ஦ᴗࢆᣑ኱ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟Ⴀᴗゼၥ࡞࡝࡛⌧ሙ࡟⾜ࡅ ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ௨ୗࡶ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢ▱ேࡢ⤂௓࡛᥇⏝ࡋࡓ ᪂ேࡢᚑᴗဨࡀᗑ⯒࡞࡝࡟ቑဨࡉࢀࡿ࡜㢦ࢆฟࡋ࡟⾜ࡃ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡶ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ௬ㄝ㸰㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࢆቑဨࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ。

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3ULFH㸦㸧࡜ %DVV $YROLR࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⾜ື≉ᛶ ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚑᴗဨࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ാࡁ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡸᚑᴗဨࡀቑ ဨࡋࡓሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓࡀࠊࡉࡽ࡟⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿせᅉࡸ᫬ᮇࢆ☜ㄆࡍ ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᛶ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽ࡛☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊPrice(2003)ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢືᶵࡣ౯್ほ࡟ࡼࡾ฼ ᕫⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPrice(2003)ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟ࡣ฼௚ⓗ࡞ືᶵࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸

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103 ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽ࡟ࡣᢈุⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୖグࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᙉ໬ࡋࡓࡇ ࡜࡛Ẽࢆ㐵࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟ࡼࡿ฼௚ⓗ࡞౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡸ⮬ศࡀ௙஦ࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࡓࡵᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ ࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡾ᫂☜࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⾜ືࡢ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࠊ౯್ほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡜ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ศᯒࡀ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢ⊂≉ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡲࡓᑠつᶍ࡞୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᙉ໬ ࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃ࠾஫࠸࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ」㞧࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࡀ⤡ࡳྜ࠸ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ౯್ほ ࡜⾜ືࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊPrice(2003)ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ⾲㸰ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸯㸧୍㈏ࡋ࡚᭱ึ࠿ࡽ฼ᕫⓗ࡛౯್ほࡶ฼ᕫⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ 㸰㸧౯್ほࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡛⾜ືࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ 㸱㸧⾜ືࡣ฼௚ⓗ࡛ࠊ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿ ࡲ࠺ࡀ౯್ほࡣ฼ᕫⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ 㸲㸧⾜ືࡣ฼ᕫⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᏶඲࡟฼ᕫⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ౯್ほࡣ฼௚ ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࡟ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊୖグࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ▱ேࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ⾜ືࡣࠊ ฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ฼ᕫⓗ࡞⾜ື࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿᚑᴗဨᩘࡀቑဨࡍࡿᙳ㡪ຊࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᴗ ⦼ࡀᝏ໬ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀῶࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡸ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࠿ࡽ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺ ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡢ౯್ほࡣ฼ᕫⓗࠊ฼௚ⓗࡢሙྜ࡛⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽࡼࡾ๓ࡣࠊHouse (1971㸧ࡢࣃࢫ࣭ࢦ࣮ࣝ⌮ㄽࡸ Hersey & Blanchard (1977㸧ࡢ≧ ἣⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽ࡞࡝ࡀࡑࡢ᫬ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀ᭷ຠ࠿ྰ࠿␗࡞ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࡑࡢᚋࠊ≧ἣ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃḢ⡿௻ᴗࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣែᗘࡸᴗ⦼࡞ ࡝࡟ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨ◊✲⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓศᯒࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞௻ᴗࡸ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᯒࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ ே㛫㛵ಀࡀ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ࣡ࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡣ⫋ົែᗘࡸᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡾ୚ ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣᴗ⦼ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿḢ⡿௻ᴗࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࢆᇶ┙࡟ࣜ ࣮ࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡣࠕᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨࡋࡓ ᫬ᮇࠖࠕᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࠖࢆᑐ㇟࡟⤌⧊ࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡃᵓ㐀ၥ㢟ࢆᇶ┙࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ 㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣࠊᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨࡋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿேࡀቑ࠼ࡓሙྜࡸ㛗ᮇ ⓗ࡟㞠⏝㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿᚑᴗဨ࡜౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ࡟㝗ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟㉳ࡁࡸࡍ࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࡣኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩ ࢵࣉࡢ࠺ࡕ฼௚ⓗ࡞౯್ほࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊ」㞧࡞ே㛫㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡾ฼ᕫⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ

Bass & Avolio(1995)࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⾜ື≉ᛶ࡟ἢࡗ࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㸯㸧⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ 㸰㸧ゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่⃭ 㸱㸧ᙺ๭ࣔࢹࣝ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢάᛶ໬ 㸲㸧 ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡸࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣ㸯㸧ࡢ⌮᝿໬ࡉ ࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ௻ᴗࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔ ࣮ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཧຍࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ཯㠃ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀᚑ࠸ࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㢪ᮃ࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ✚ ᴟⓗ࡟࢔ࣈ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ㈉⊩ࡋࡸࡍࡃ ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ୍᫬ⓗ࡞⮬ᕫ≛≅ཬࡧ฼௚ⓗ࡞⾜ືࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᕼᮃࡸ㢪ᮃࢆ࠿ ࡞࠼࡚ࠊᨭᣢࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ⌮ㄽࡢබᖹ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀቑဨࡋࡓ᫬ᮇࡸ㛗ᮇ㞠⏝࡟ࡼࡾ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࡢ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡣ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ᚑᴗဨࡢ฼┈ࡼࡾ㧗ࡅࢀࡤࣔࢳ

(12)

࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀୖࡀࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ୙බᖹឤࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋJensen & Meckling(1976)࡟ࡼࡿ࢚࣮ࢪ ࢙ࣥࢩ࣮⌮ㄽ࡟ἢ࠺࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡶ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡶຠ⏝ࢆ᭱኱໬ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡀ᝟ሗࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠࠿ࡽࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡣ ᭱ప㝈ࡢ௙஦ࡔࡅࡍࡿࡀࠊ㞠⏝㛵ಀࡸሗ㓘ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ㢦Ⰽࢆ࠺࠿ࡀ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ௚᪉ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣᏳ࠸ሗ㓘ࡢ᪂つ᥇⏝⪅ࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤ㛗ᮇ㞠⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨࢆゎ㞠ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ㧗㱋໬ࡋពᛮỴᐃࡀ㐜ࢀࡓࡾࠊ⑓Ẽ࡛ఇࡴࡇ࡜ࡶቑ࠼ࠊᴗົ඲యࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑ ᴗဨࢆ㢗ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟㝗ࡿࡀࠊࣇ࢛ ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ෌ࡧ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ௻ᴗࢆᛴᡂ㛗࡟ᑟ࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࡢ㛗ᡤࢆ࠸࠿ࡋ⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡓ᫬ᮇ࠿ࡽࠊ៏ᛶⓗ࡞᪥ᖖⓗ࡞᫬ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢពᛮỴᐃࡀࡺࡀࡴ᫬ ᮇ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺࡢ኱௻ᴗ࡜␗࡞ࡾࠊ୰ᑠ㞽⣽௻ᴗ࡛ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢពᛮỴᐃࡀ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡸࡍࡃ ࡞ࡾࠊ≉࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡞⾜ືࢆࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿせᅉࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࡀࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ ࡢே㛫㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟ὀຊࡋ࡙ࡽࡃࡍࡿ࡞࡝኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡟ ࠾࠸࡚ᚋ⥅⪅ࢆ᥈ࡋ⫱ᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬࡟ࡼࡾὀຊ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ϭ ᮏㄽᩥࡢ⪃ᐹ࡜㝈⏺

ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᐇែゎ᫂ࡢࡓࡵ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࠊ ᚑ᮶ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡜せᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽ࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡜ࣇ࢛ ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋ ≉࡟᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡛ࡣ⊂≉ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ┦஫ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡸᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢせᅉ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡋ༠ㄪࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽࢆ㐵࠺࠶ࡲࡾࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡢ㑅ᢤࡸ⫱ᡂࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ㐍ࡲ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ ࠸࠺౛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ」㞧࡞㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡶ⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⾜ື ኚ໬ࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ཬࡧࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࢆᑐ㇟࡟࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ ࡣ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡓ᭷⬟࡞⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢ᫬ᮇ࠿ࡽ㐺ṇ࡛࡞࠸ุ᩿ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢ せᅉ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࢆඖ࡟ᅇᖐศᯒࡋࡓࡀࠊ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᴗ⦼ࡀࡢࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ ࢔࣮ࡢ㞠⏝ࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᙉ໬ࡋ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⫼ᬒ ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ᴗ⦼ಁ㐍࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡶࠊ⮬ᕫࡢ฼┈ࢆ㏣ồࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔ ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ኱ࡁࡃࠊ┤᥋᥇⏝ࡋࡓᚑᴗဨࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀቑဨࡍࡿ࡜ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᙉ໬ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡾ ࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ┤᥋ࠊ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ᪂ேࡀቑဨࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓᚑᴗဨࡣ⮬ศࡢሗ㓘ࡸ㞠⏝᮲௳࡞࡝࡟ᝏᙳ㡪 ࢆཬࡰࡉ࡞࠸࠿࡞࡝ࡢ୙Ᏻᮦᩱࡀቑ࠼ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᶵ᎘ࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶቑ࠼ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ㐺ษ࡞ุ᩿ຊ ࡀపୗࡋ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ㧗㱋໬ࡋ⑓Ẽࡀࡕ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒Ⴀ≧ἣࢆࡼࡃᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏ౫Ꮡࡋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືࡀኚ໬ࡋ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ᫬ᮇࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ᪩ࡵࡿ࡞࡝ᚋ⥅⪅ࡢ◊ಟ

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105 ࢆ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࠿ࡽᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡾࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡶࡑࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟⊂᩿࡛ࡢỴ᩿ࡸᶒ㝈ࡢ㞟୰ࢆ㑊ࡅࡓࡾࠊእ㒊ࡢ⛯⌮ኈ ࡸᙺဨ࡜ࡢ┘ᰝ࣭┘╩ᶵ⬟ࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿ➼ࡢᑐ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᏑ⥆࡟࠾࠸࡚⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ື ኚ໬ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ๓࡟ᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࢆ᪩ᮇ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ᑐ⟇ࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ✏ࡢ㝈⏺ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᛶ㉁ࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵᒓᛶࠊᏛṔ࡞࡝࡟ศࡅࡓࡾࠊࢱ࢖ࣉ ู࡟ศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ௻ᴗつᶍࡸᖺ㱋ࠊ๰ᴗఱ௦┠࡞࡝ࡋ࠿ศࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ┦஫ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᚑᴗဨ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣥ ࢣ࣮ࢺࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡶࢱ࢖ࣉู࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐙ᪘࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡸ⑓Ẽ ࡢ᫬࡞࡝ࡢᑐᛂ࡞࡝ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡸᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿᚲせ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ ஦౛◊✲ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⌮ㄽⓗయ⣔࡟ἢࡗ࡚ᐇែࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

୺࡞ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

ụ⏣ᾈ㸦2015㸧,ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉᶵ⬟ࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖࠗ⚟ᒸ኱Ꮫேᩥㄽᴗ࠘ ➨47 ྕ㸦1㸧,1-18 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ▼ᕝ῟㸦2009㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢳ࣮࣒ࡢᴗ⦼࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢṇ ࡢഃ㠃࡜㈇ࡢഃ㠃ࠖࠗ⤌⧊⛉Ꮫ࠘➨43 ྕ No.2,97-112 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ▼ᕝ῟㸦2008㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜㛤Ⓨ◊✲⪅ࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ̿ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ࣭ࢫ ࢺࣞࢵࢧ࡜ࣄࣥࢺࣛࣥࢺ࣭ࢫࢺࣞࢵࢧ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿ࠖࠗ❧ᩍࣅࢪࢿࢫࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ๰หྕ࠘,49-61 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ᑠ㔝ၿ⏕㸦2012㸧,ࠕᬯ㯲ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽࡀࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ࣡ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄆ▱࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠖࠗ㛵す኱ ᏛၟᏛㄽ㞟࠘57 ᕳ 1 ྕ,1-19 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ᑠ㔝ၿ⏕㸦2014㸧,ࠕࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ࣡ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡓ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ⓗ࣭ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠖࠗ㛵す኱ᏛၟᏛㄽ㞟࠘58 ᕳ4 ྕ,53-87 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ᮾಇஅ㸦㸧ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ̿᪂ࡓ࡞⤌⧊ኚ㠉⾜ືㄽ࡬ྥࡅ࡚࣮ࠖࠗி㒔࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥ ࢺࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࠘➨ ྕ ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ᪥㔝೺ኴ㸦2004㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽ࡜௻ᴗ೔⌮ࠖࠗ㥖⃝኱Ꮫ⤒ႠᏛ㒊◊✲⣖せ࠘33 ྕ,1-21 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ᪥㔝೺ኴ㸦2013㸧,ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ⾜ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ◊✲㛵ᚰࠖࠗ㥖⃝኱Ꮫ⤒ႠᏛ㒊◊✲⣖せ࠘44 ྕ,1-19 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ 㛗㇂ᕝ┤ᶞ㸦2016㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣭ྲྀᘬᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࣮ࣂࢫ࣭࢔࣎ࣜ࢜ࡢᡤㄽࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋ࡚࣮ࠖࠗᮾிᅜ㝿኱ Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥ♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉࠘➨1 ྕ,1-21 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ Ⳮⵦㄔ㸦2013㸧, ࠕࢩ࣮ࣗࣥ࣌ࢱ࣮࡟ࡳࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽࠖࠗ❧࿨㤋ᅜ㝿◊✲࠘ࠋ 㧗ᶫ₩㸦2012㸧,ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢᮏ㉁ࠖࠗᅜẸ⤒῭㞧ㄅ࠘205 ྕ㸦6㸧,51-56 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࠕ2020 ᖺ∧୰ᑠ௻ᴗⓑ᭩ࠖࠗᑠつᶍ௻ᴗⓑ᭩࠘ࠋ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࠕ2019 ᖺ∧୰ᑠ௻ᴗⓑ᭩ࠖࠗᑠつᶍ௻ᴗⓑ᭩࠘ࠋ ᪥ᮏᨻ⟇㔠⼥බᗜ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸦2019㸧ࠕ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࠖࠗ᪥ᮏᨻ⟇㔠⼥㔠ᗜ࠘ࠋ Ᏻ⏣Ṋᙪ㸦2005㸧ࠕ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡜⥅ᢎᚋࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢỴᐃせᅉࠖࠗ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ⥲ྜ◊✲ ๰หྕ࠘ࠋ Bass, B.M. (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectation, New York: Free Press.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995), MLQ Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Leader Form, Rater Form and Scorin, California, Palo Alto, CA Mind Garden.

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Weber, M.(1947),The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, A. M. Henderson & Talcott Parsons. NY: The Free Press. ᕳᮎ⾲ ୺࡞࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ㉁ၥ㡯┠ 㡯┠ ᅇ⟅ ᚑᴗဨࡢேᩘࡣఱே࡛ࡍ࠿㸽 ձ㸯㸫 ղ㸫 ճ㸫 մ㸫 ๰ᴗఱᖺ┠࡛ࡍ࠿㸽㸫 ղ㸫 ճ㸫 մ ᖺ௨ୖ ࠶࡞ࡓࡣఱ௦┠ࡢ♫㛗࡛ࡍ࠿㸽 ձ ௦┠ ղ ௦┠ ճ ௦┠ մ ௦┠௨ୖ 㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧ᚑᴗဨࢆቑࡸࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑ࠼ ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ⌧ሙࢆ㞳ࢀᚑ ᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡗࡁࡾ࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ኚ ໬ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ௵ࡏ ࡗࡁࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧࿘ࡾ࠿ࡽ⊂⿢ⓗ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧⮬ศ࡛⊂⿢ⓗࡔ࡜ឤࡌࡓ᫬ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞᫬࡛ࡍ ࠿㸽 ձሗ㓘 ղே஦ ճປാ᫬㛫 մ⤒Ⴀ⟶⌮ 㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⊂⿢ⓗࡔ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞᫬ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽 ձሗ㓘 ղே஦ ճປാ᫬㛫 մ⤒Ⴀ⟶⌮ 㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⊂⿢ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔ࡜ᛮ ձ⮬ᑛᚰ ղ㐺ษ࡞ุ᩿ຊࡀ࠶ࡿேࡀ࠸࡞࠸

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࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ୙ṇ࡜⾜࠺ሙྜࠊᚑᴗဨࡣᢚไ࡛ࡁ ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ࠊ୙⚈஦ࢆ⾜࠼ࡿ ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ୙ṇࡣࠊ♫እྲྀ⥾ᙺࡀᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ 㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⤒Ⴀุ᩿࡟㏞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࡣࠊㄡ࡟┦ㄯ ࡋࡲࡍ࠿㸽 ձእ㒊ࡢྲྀ⥾ᙺ ղእ㒊ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ ճ௚ࡢ⟶⌮⫋⪅ մᤵᴗဨ յ┦ㄯࡋ࡞࠸ 㸧⊂⿢ⓗุ᩿ࡣࠊᴗ⦼ᝏ໬ࢆᣍࡃ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ ࠿㸽 ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ _{⥲ົ┬ࠕᖹᡂ ᖺ⤒῭ࢭࣥࢧࢫάືㄪᰝࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ} _{ᮾி㒔⏘ᴗປാᒁࠕᮾிࡢ⏘ᴗ࡜㞠⏝ᑵᴗ ࠖ}_{ࠋ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗࡣࠊཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᑠ௻ᴗᇶᮏἲࡢᐃ⩏ࠋ}_ࠋ 〇㐀ᴗ➼ࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠ཬࡧฟ㈨⥲㢠ࡀ ൨෇௨ୗࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ ே௨ୗࠋ༺኎ᴗࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠ཬࡧฟ㈨㢠ࡀ ൨෇௨ୗࠊ ᚑᴗဨᩘ ே௨ୗࠋᑠ኎ᴗࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠ཪࡣฟ㈨㢠ࡀ ༓୓෇௨ୗࠊᚑᴗဨᩘࡀ ே௨ୗࠋࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠 ཬࡧฟ㈨㢠ࡀ ༓୓෇௨ୗࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ ே௨ୗࠋ〇㐀ᴗ➼ࡣᚑᴗဨ ே௨ୗࠋၟᴗ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡣᚑᴗဨ ே௨ୗࠋ _{ᖇᅜࢹ࣮ࢱࣂࣥࢡࠕ}_{඲ᅜ࣭ᚋ⥅⪅୙ᅾ௻ᴗືྥㄪᰝ㸦㸧}_{ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ} _{㮵ඣᓥᕷࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝᑐ㇟௻ᴗ࠿ࡽ༳ๅ఍♫ࠊ⏕ⰼ㈍኎఍♫࡟ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥࡟ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢᐇ᪋ࠋ} _{ᮾிၟᕤࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ ᖺࠕఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓ௻ᴗࠖືྥㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ} _{⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࠕ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࣭ᑠつᶍ஦ᴗ⪅ࡢ⏕⏘ᛶྥୖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶㸧ࠖࠊᮍ᮶ᢞ㈨఍㆟ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ᚭᗏ᥎} 㐍఍ྜ➨ ᅇࠊᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥࡟ࡼࡿࠋ _{ᖇᅜࢹ࣮ࢱࣂࣥࢡ≉ู௻⏬ࠕ඲ᅜ࣭ᚋ⥅⪅୙ᅾ௻ᴗືྥㄪᰝ㸦㸧}_{ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ} _๓ᥖ͵ࠋ 9 _{㮵ඣᓥᕷࡢၟᕤ఍㆟ᡤࡸࣛ࢖࢜ࣥࢬࢡࣛࣈ࡞࡝ 150ே࡟㓄ᕸࡋࠊ84ேࡢ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ࠊ56㸣ࡢᅇ཰⋡ࢆᚓࡓࠋ} 10_๓ᥖ͵ 11_๓ᥖ͵ 12 _{ᖺ㸯᭶ ᪥࠿ࡽ ᭶ ᪥ࡢྠ఍ဨ ேࡢ࠺ࡕ ♫ࡀᅇ⟅ࠋᚑᴗဨ㸯㹼 ேࡀ ศࡢ㸯ࠊ㸯㹼} ேࡀ 㸣ࠊ ே௨ୖࡣ 㸣ࠋ ࠙ཷ㡿᪥ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ཷ⌮᪥ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠚ