Applications of Balneotherapy for Rehabilitation

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Abstract

AWAHIRA ATSUMOTO HIMODOZONO

Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Kagoshima University Grad- .

uate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Takachiho , Makizono-cho, Kagoshima , Japan.

Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for patients with disabilities is one of the oldest forms of rehabilitative therapy. In order to examine the e ectiveness of balneotherapy for patients with disabilities, our rehabilitation methods in combination with balneotherapy were reviewed. We observed beneﬁcial e ects of balneotherapy on controlling the spasticity of hemiparetic limb, in accomplishing repepetive facilitation exercise, and on the quality of life in patients with stroke and orthopedic disease. Rehabilitative treatment in association with both neuro-rehabilitation and traditional spa therapy will develop and contribute to welfares of the people.

Key words : Spa, Rehabilitation, Spasticity, Stroke

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Kazumi K , Shuji M and Megumi S

Applications of Balneotherapy for Rehabilitation

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Fig. Hypothesized mechanism of a newly designed facilitation exercise for the hemiplegic upper limb and ﬁngers.

Neurons or neural circuits in the motor cortex or descending motor tracts related to the patient’s intention of movement do not discharge because of an insu cient excitation level in response to excitation from the prefrontal/premotor cortex. Premotor neurons that are disconnected due to apraxia or injury to descending motor tracts due to hemiparesis will respond to excitation and realize the patient’s intended movements when these neural circuits have been excited su ciently by facilitation techniques.

Thick arrow and thin arrow indicate manipulation for stretch reﬂex and light touch to maintain - linkage, respectively.

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Fig. Improvements in isolation from synergy of the hemiplegic upper limb and hand, and the ability of manipulating objects during -week sessions of RFE or CR in all patients

Data for the BRS of the hemiplegic upper limb and hand, and the STEF of the upper limb in the ﬁrst and second -week sessions of RFE or CR among all patients were combined. Data are shown as the median (and quartiles). Pre denotes the beginning of the indicated session. Post denotes the end of the indicated session. * . , ** . . Abbreviations : BRS, Brunnstrom stage ; STEF, Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function.

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Fig. Changes in STEF score and resistance power of elbow extension before and after bathing STEF score was increased signiﬁcantly (p . ) after forearm bathing (n ). Resistance power of elbow extension ( /sec) was decreased signiﬁcantly (p . ) after forearm bathing (n ).

STEF : Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function being designed to evaluate the speed of manipulation of objects using one upper limb including ﬁngers.

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tients ( ). Signiﬁcant di erences : healthy Fig. Percentage changes from baseline in Fmean/M ratio and Fmax/M ratio after thermotherapy

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Fig. Changes in the muscle strength of the knee extension and ﬂexion after the cold water leg bathing and warm water leg bathing in the patients with spastic hemiparesis.

Results from the warm water leg bathing ( , min) showed an increase in muscle strength for both knee extension and flexion, but the cold water leg bathing ( , min) did not show these changes. The di erences in knee flexion between the warm water leg bath and the cold water leg bath are statistically significant.

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ical functioning : PF Role physical : RP Bodily pain : BP F

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Fig. Changes in SF- scores on admission, and before and after exercise bath in all patients The subjects were treated by conventional rehabilitation including PT, OT, and ST for a month, followed by exercise bath ( for min, twice a week) in addition to conventional rehabilitation for a month. QOL was evaluated by SF- . Improvements in SF- scores were observed after both conventional rehabilitation and exercise bath. Those scores after exercise bath were signiﬁcantly better than those after conventional rehabilitation.

PF : Physical functioning, RP : Role physical, BP : Bodily pain, GH : General health, VT ; Vitality, SF ; Social functioning, RE ; Role emotional, MH ; Mental health.

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Kawahira, K., Shimodozono, M., Etho, S., Kamada, K., Noma, T. and Tanaka, N. ( ) : E ects of intensive repetition of a new facilitation technique on motor functional recovery of the hemiplegic upper limb and hand. Brain Injury, , .

Kawahira, K., Shimodozono, M., Ogata, A. and Tanaka, N. ( ) : Addition of intensive repetition of facilitation exercise to multidisciplinary rehabilitation promotes motor functional recovery of the hemiplegic lower limb. J. Rehabilitation Medicine, , .

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Matsumoto, S., Kakahira, K., Etoh, S., Keda, S. and Tanaka N. ( ) : Short-term e ects of thermotherapy for spasticity on tibial nerve F-waves in post-stroke patients. Int. J. Bio- meteorol., , .

Matsumoto, S., Shimodozono, M., Etoh, S., Shimozono, Y., Tanaka, N., Kawahira, K. ( ) : Beneﬁcial e ects of footbaths in controlling spasticity after stroke. Int. J. Biometeorol., ,

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Noma, T., Matsumoto, S., Etoh, S., Shimodozono, M. and Kawahira, K. ( ) : Antispastic e ects of the direct application of vibratory stimuli to the spastic muscles of hemiplegic limbs in post-stroke patients. Brain Injury, , .

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