Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟 Vol. 7㸦2013ᖺ7᭶㸧 ࠙ㄽᩥࠚ
ࢱ࣭ࣘࢱࣖࡢᩥ㑇⏘㜵⅏ྥࡅࡓ⌧ᆅㄪᰝὥỈゎᯒ
In-situ investigation and flood analysis for disaster mitigation of cultural heritage in Ayutthaya
᷄ୖᚭ
1࣭㉥⃝ྐ㢧
1࣭⏣୰⿱
2࣭⸨ᮏᑗග
3㇏⏣♸㍜
4࣭㇂ཱྀோኈ
5࣭῝ᕝⰋ୍
6࣭㔛῝ዲᩥ
6Toru Danjo, Fumiaki Akazawa, Nanahiro Tanaka, Masamitsu Fujimoto
Yusuke Toyoda, Hitoshi Taniguchi, Ryoichi Fukagawa and Yoshifumi Satofuka
1❧㤋ᏛᏛ㝔 ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ⥲ྜ⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ ༤ኈㄢ⛬ᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸦ࠛ525-8577 ㈡┴ⲡὠᕷ㔝㊰ᮾ1-1-1㸧
Graduate Student, Ritsumeikan University, Doctoral Course of Science and Engineering
2ி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ♫ᇶ┙ᕤᏛᑓᨷ ಟኈㄢ⛬㸦ࠛ615-8246ி㒔ᗓி㒔ᕷすி༊ி㒔Ꮫ᱇㸧
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Civil and Earth Resources Engineering
3❧㤋Ꮫຓᩍ ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊 㒔ᕷࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ⛉㸦ࠛ525-8577 ㈡┴ⲡὠᕷ㔝㊰ᮾ1-1-1㸧
Assistant Professor, Ritsumeikan University, Dept. of Civil Engineering
4
❧㤋Ꮫᩍᤵ ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ㒊 ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ⛉㸦ࠛ603-8577 ி㒔ᕷ༊➼ᣢ㝔⏫56-1㸧 Associate Professor, Ritsumeikan University, College of Policy Science
5❧㤋Ꮫᩍᤵ Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏◊✲ᡤ㸦ࠛ603-8341 ி㒔ᕷ༊ᑠᯇཎ⏫58㸧
Professor, Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urbal Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University
6
❧㤋Ꮫᩍᤵ ⌮ᕤᏛ㒊 㒔ᕷࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ⛉㸦ࠛ525-8577 ㈡┴ⲡὠᕷ㔝㊰ᮾ 1-1-1㸧 Professor, Ritsumeikan University, Dept. of Civil Engineering
Ayutthaya has been registered as a world heritage by UNESCO in 1991. Ayutthaya is located in a low elevation area, surrounded by three rivers. Therefore, the flood occured frequently. The flood in October, 2011 had continued more than a month. Bricks of many remains had been deteriorated and the ground under the remains is unequally settled due to floods. If this situation continues, there is a possibility that the value of cultural heritage decreases. So flood analysis for the sandbank surrounded by three rivers is conducted. In addition, four cases with different conditions were analysed. Based on the results of analysis, this paper proposes the future disaster mitigation of the culture heritage in Ayutthaya.
Keywords : Ayutthaya, Flood analysis, World helitage, Disaster mitigation
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ
ࣘࢱࣖ㑇㊧ࡣࠊࢱࡢ㤳㒔ࣂࣥࢥࢡࡽ76km㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ⨨ࡋࠊࢳࣕ࢜ࣉࣛࣖᕝࠊࣟࢵࣈ࣮ࣜ ᕝࠊࣃ࣮ࢧࢵࢡᕝᅖࡲࢀࡓ୰Ὢෆ࠾ࡼࡧ࿘㎶ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ1㸧ࠋࢳࣕ࢜ࣉࣛࣖᕝࡑࡢᨭὶᅖࡲࢀࡓ ᆅᙧࡢࡓࡵỈ㐠ᜨࡲࢀࠊ17ୡ⣖ࡣࡌࡵᅜ㝿㈠᫆㒔ᕷࡋ࡚⦾ᰤࡋࡓࠋᙜࡢࣘࢱࣖࡢ㏻ࡣỈ㊰ࡀ࣓ ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊ୰ὪෆࡣከࡃࡢỈ㊰ࡀᙇࡾᕠࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㛗ࡁரࡿ⋤ᮅ௦ࡢᑎ㝔ࡸീࡢ ᩥ㑇⏘ࡀࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶᩘከࡃṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ1991ᖺࣘࢿࢫࢥࡼࡗ࡚ୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࢳࣕ࢜ࣉࣛࣖᕝࡣ2ࡘࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞⊃✽㒊ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ1ࡘ┠ࡣࣘࢱࣖᕷ⾤ୖὶ㏆ࠊ2ࡘ┠ࡣࣂࣥࢥࢡ ᕷୖὶ㏆⨨ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ2ࡘࡢ⊃✽㒊ᣳࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊἙᕝࡢ≉ᛶࡋ࡚ඖ᮶ỏ℃ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᆅ ᇦ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࢱࡢᆅᙧࡣ᪥ᮏẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᴟ➃໙㓄ࡀ⦆ࡃࠊ㒊ศࡀᖹཎ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊὶୗ ⬟ຊࡀ㠀ᖖஈࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࢱ࡛ࡣつᶍࡢᑠࢆၥࢃࡎࠊὥỈỏ℃ࡀẖᖺࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣘࢱࣖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ1995ᖺࠊ2006ᖺࠊ2011ᖺ㑇㊧ࡀᾐỈࡍࡿつᶍ࡞ὥỈࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ≉2011ᖺⓎ⏕ ࡋࡓὥỈ࡛ࡣࠊྎ㢼➨8ྕࡀ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒㒊ୖ㝣ࡋࡓࡇࡽጞࡲࡾࠊ10᭶ࡣࠊ1᭶௨ୖࡶரࡿᾐỈࡀ ⥆࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࠊ୰ὪෆⅬᅾࡍࡿᩥ㑇⏘⩌ࡀ㛗ᮇ㛫Ỉἐࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣࠊ2012ᖺ3᭶ࠊ11᭶ࠊ 2013ᖺ2᭶ࡢィ3ᅇࡢὥỈ⿕ᐖࡢㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ2012ᖺ3᭶⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᷄ୖࡽ1)ࡀሗ࿌ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀ௨ᚋࡢィ2ᅇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓㄪᰝࡢ▱ぢࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡎ㏙ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰Ὢෆࡢ࢚ࣜࢆ ᑐ㇟ࡋࡓỏ℃ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ୰ᕞෆ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ὥỈࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊὥỈỏ ℃࠾ࡅࡿ㜵⅏ᑐ⟇ࡀྍ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚4ࡘࡢᥦࢆຍࡋࡓỏ℃ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
㸰㸬ࣘࢱࣖ㑇㊧࢚ࣜࡢ⿕ᐖࡢᐇែ
ᖺࡢࣘࢱࣖ㑇㊧࢚ࣜ࠾ࡅࡿὥỈࡢᴫせ1) ᮾࡢἙᕝ୰Ὢෆࢆ⤖ࡪ⏕ά⏝ࡢỈ⟶ࡼࡾἙᕝࡽ୰ὪෆᾐỈࡀ⥆ࡃ୰ࠊ10᭶7᪥ࡢ22㡭 ᮾ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢧࢵࢡᕝࣟࢵࣉ࣮ࣜᕝࡢྜὶᆅⅬ㏆㸧ࡢ┒ᅵ㸦ᅗ1ࡢA㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣỈ㛛㸦ᅗ1ࡢB㸧ࡀࠊ୰Ὢ ෆࡽ㣗ࡉࢀ◚ቯࡋࠊ୍ẼἙᕝỈࡀ୰ὪෆὶධࡋࡓࡇࡀࠊᆅඖఫẸࡽࡢࣄࣜࣥࢢࡽศࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ ୰ὪෆὶධࡋࡓἙᕝỈࡣ0.5㹼2.0m㐩ࡋࠊ1ࣧ᭶௨ୖரࡾᾐỈࡀ⥆࠸ࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ༡す⨨ࡍࡿࢩ ࣮ࢼ࢝ࣜࣥබᅬ㸦ᅗ1ࡢC㸧ࡣࠊ୰Ὢෆ࡛ࡶᶆ㧗ࡀప࠸ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ᾐỈࡋࡓ≧ἣࡀ⥆࠸ࡓࠋ ୰Ὢෆࢆྵࡵࡓࣘࢱ୍ࣖᖏࡣࠊ໙㓄ࡢ⦆ࡸ࡞ᆅᙧ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㛗ᮇ㛫ரࡾ୰ὪෆࡢỈࡀୗࡀࡽ࡞ ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࣏ࣥࣉ⏝࠸࡚ᙉไỈࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ᩥ㈈ᵓ㐀≀ࡢ⿕ᐖ ࣘࢱࣖࡢ㑇㊧ࡣࠊ↢⎰࡛㐀ࡽࢀࡓᘓ⠏≀ࡀከᩘⅬᅾࡋࠊ㔝↝ࡁ↢⎰ゝࢃࢀࡿప࠸ ᗘ࡛↝ᡂࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉ⴭࡋ࠸㢼ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊᣦඛ࡛๐ࢀࡿࡢ≧ែࡀぢࡽࢀࠊ᪥ ᖸࡋ↢⎰୪ࡳゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ᴟࡵ࡚ప࠸ᙉᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿ2)ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮳ࡿࡇࢁ࡛㑇㊧ ࡢ↢⎰ࡀⓑࡃኚⰍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᗘ㔜࡞ࡿ㝆㞵ࡸᾐỈࡼࡗ࡚ሬᩱࡸⰍ⣲ࡀᢤࡅࡓࡓࡵ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ 㝆㞵㔞ࡀẚ㍑ⓗከ࠸㧗 ከ‵࠸࠺ࢱࡢẼೃ᮲௳ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࣘࢱࣖࡢ㑇㊧⩌ࡣ⪏ஂᛶୖࠊᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ 㞴࡞≧ἣୗ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࠋ ᅗ 1 ࣘࢱࣖ୰Ὢෆࡢᆅᅗ㸦ฟ㸸Google Earth ಟṇࠊຍ➹ 㸧࣐ࣁࢱ࣮ࢺᑎ㝔㸦ᅗ1ࡢD㸧ࡢቃෆࡣࠊ↢⎰࡛㐀ࡽࢀࡓሪࡸ♩ᣏᇽࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ↢⎰ࡢຎຍ࠼ᵓ㐀≀ ࡀഴ࠸ࡓ≧ែ࡛⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦┿1㸧ࠋᗄࡘࡢᵓ㐀≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ⿵ᙉᕤࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ సᴗ⪅ࡢヰࡼࡿࠊᵓ㐀≀ࡢ୰ᚰ㕲➽ࢆᤄධࡋ᪂ࡓᨭ࠼ࢆసࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᵓ㐀≀ࡀഴࡃ⌧㇟ࢆ㣗࠸Ṇࡵ ࡿᕤࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦┿2㸧ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊከᩘࡢᵓ㐀≀ࡣᡭࡘࡎ࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠶ࡿᵓ㐀≀ࡢୗẁ㒊ศࡣ5~7ᗘࡢഴࡁࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦┿3㸧ࠋࡇࡢᵓ㐀≀ࡣࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣᮾഃᘓ≀ ࡀഴ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊಽࢀࡿ᪉ྥࡢᑐഃ㸦༡すഃ㸧ࡢᆅ⾲㠃ࡣࡁ࡞ࡃࡰࡳࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦┿4㸧ࠋࡇࡢ ⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊᵓ㐀≀ࡀഴࡃࡇ࡛ᆅ┙ࡀᘬࡗᙇࡽࢀࠊ㝽㛫ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡛㞟୰ⓗ࡞ỿୗࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡇ ┿ 1 ഴ࠸ࡓ㑇㊧ ┿ 3 㑇㊧ࡢഴࡁ ┿ 4 ᆅ┙ࡢ❑ࡳ ┿ 5 ᵓ㐀≀ࡢഴࡁࡼࡾᇶ♏㒊ศࡀࡏࢇ᩿◚ቯࡋࡓ≧ἣ ┿ 2 ಟᕤࡢ≧ἣ
ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓูࡢሙᡤ࡛ࡣࠊᘓ≀ࡏࢇ᩿◚ቯࡀ⏕ࡌࠊᩳࡵ᪉ྥࡢடࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡗ ࡓ㸦┿5㸧ࠋᵓ㐀≀ࡀഴ࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࠊⲴ㔜ࡀ∦ഃ㠃ࡾࠊ⦪᪉ྥࡏࢇ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ ࠊᵓ㐀≀ࡢடࡢⓎ⏕ࡸࠊᮏ᮶┤⥺㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡓᵓ㐀≀ࡢࡓࢃࡳࠊࢬࣞࡀ⏕ࡌࡶࡢࡀ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦 ┿6㸧ࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᆅ┙ࡢኚ≧ࡸ↢⎰ࡢຎࠊ⭉㣗ࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿᵓ㐀≀ࡢഴࡁࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ゝࢃ ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᆅ┙ỿୗࡢཎᅉࡢ㏣✲࠾ࡼࡧᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡢࡇࢁࠊࡑࡢㄏ ᅉࡣ㝆㞵ࡲࡓࡣ㛗ᮇ㛫ࡢᾐỈࡼࡿỈࡢస⏝ࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㝆㞵ẚὥỈỏ℃ࡼࡿ㛗ᮇ㛫ࡢᾐỈࡀⓎ⏕ ࡍࡿ㢖ᗘࡣప࠸ࡀࠊ୍ᗘⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡑࡢ◚ቯຊࡣィࡾ▱ࢀ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣘࢱࣖ㑇㊧࢚ࣜ ࠾ࡅࡿὥỈỏ℃ࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨ⏕ࡋ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᢕᥱࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊᚋὥỈࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ ࡓሙྜࡢࣘࢱࣖ㑇㊧࢚ࣜࡢᾐỈ≧ἣࢆᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡼࡗ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠋ
㸱㸬ὥỈỏ℃ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ
ゎᯒࡢᴫせࣘࢱࣖ୰ᚰ㒊ࡢᶆ㧗ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊ⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡢ㝿ᣢཧࡋࡓMagellan♫ࡢGPS㸦Explorist Pro 10㸧Google Earthࡢᶆ㧗್ࢆཧ⪃20m࣓ࢵࢩ࡛ࣗసᡂࡋࡓࠋᶆ㧗ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢసᡂࡣExcelࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᶆ㧗ࡼࡗ࡚Ⰽࢆኚ ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ2㸧ࠋἙᕝỈ㊰㸦ᅗ2ࡢ㟷Ⰽ㸧ࡢᶆ㧗ࢆ1.5m3mࠊࡑࡢ㸦ᅗ2ࡢ⥳ࠊⲔࠊᶳ㸧ࡣ 5.0~6.5m࡞ࡿࡼ࠺タᐃࡋࡓࠋୖグࡢタᐃࡽ㏻ᖖ㸦ᵓ㐀≀➼ࡢ㞀ᐖ≀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸㸧≧ែࡢࣘࢱࣖ୰ᚰ 㒊ࡢἙᕝỏ℃ࢆἙᗋኚືゎᯒࢯࣇࢺࠕiRIC㸦Nays2D Flood㸧ࠖࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓࠋ ᇶ♏᪉⛬ᘧィ⟬᮲௳ a) ὶࢀࡢᇶ♏᪉⛬ᘧ iRIC3)࡛ࡣࠊἙᕝࡢ」㞧࡞ቃ⏺ࡸἙᗋᆅᙧࢆ┤᥋⪃៖࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᗙᶆ⣔ࡣ୍⯡᭤⥺ᗙᶆࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ┤ᗙᶆ࠾ࡅࡿᘧࢆ୍⯡ᗙᶆ[ࠊKࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୍⯡ᗙᶆ⣔ኚࡋࡓᇶ♏ᘧࢆ௨ୗ♧ࡍࠋ ὶࢀࡢ㐃⥆ᘧ
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㸲㸬ࣘࢱࣖ㑇㊧ࡢ㜵⅏ィ⏬ྥࡅࡓᥦ
ᥦෆᐜ࠾ࡼࡧ᮲௳ ὥỈ⿕ᐖࢆᢚ࠼ࡿᑐ⟇ࡋ࡚✀ࠎ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ4ࡘࡢᥦࡘ࠸ ࡚iRICࢆ⏝࠸ࡓゎᯒࡼࡿ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ4ᥦࡣ௨ୗ♧ࡍ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ CaseA) ༡ࢆࡅࡿ2ࡘࡢỈ㊰ࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡓሙྜ CaseB) ୍㒊ࡢ㑇㊧ࢆࡉୖࡆࡋࡓሙྜ CaseC) ༡すࡢࢩ࣮ࢼ࢝ࣜࣥබᅬ࠾ࡼࡧ㎰ᆅࢆ㐟Ỉụࡋࡓሙྜ CaseD) ࣘࢱࣖ୰ᚰ㒊యࢆ㍯୰ሐ࡛ᅖࢇࡔሙྜ CaseA)࡛ࡣࠊ༡ఙࡧࡿ2ࡘࡢỈ㊰ࢆ1.5m᥀ࡾୗࡆࡓࠋCaseB)ࡣࠊ ୰Ὢෆࡢ୰ᚰࡽࡸࡸ⨨ࡍࡿ㑇㊧ࢆᑐ㇟(ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆぢ ࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡓࡵ)ࡋࠊࡑࡢ㑇㊧ࢆ㒊ศⓗᆅ┙㧗ࢆ3mୖࡆࡓሙ ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ タᐃ್ x᪉ྥࡢィ⟬Ⅼ㛫㝸 dx 20.0m y᪉ྥࡢィ⟬Ⅼ㛫㝸 dy 20.0m ィ⟬ࢱ࣒ࢫࢸࢵࣉ dt 0.1s ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࡢ⢒ᗘಀᩘ 0.03 ὶධἙᕝࡢ໙㓄 0.00002 ⾲ 1 ィ⟬᮲௳ ὶ㔞1 ὶ㔞2 0 300 200 300 200 2 300 200 3 400 267 4 400 267 5 500 333 6 500 333 7 600 400 8 600 400 9 600 400 㛫(h) ὶ㔞(m 3/s) ⾲ 2 ὶ㔞ࡢ㛫ኚ a) 10800s㸦3h㸧 b) 14400s㸦4h㸧 c) 21600s㸦6h㸧 d) 32400s㸦9h㸧 ᅗ 3 ࣘࢱࣖ୰Ὢෆ࠾ࡅࡿὥỈゎᯒ⤖ᯝN
༢㸸mྜࢆᐃࡋࡓ᮲௳࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋCaseC)ࡣࠊ༡す⨨ࡍࡿࢩ࣮ࢼ࢝ࣜࣥබᅬ࠾ࡼࡧ㎰ᆅࡢ⣙400,000m2ࢆᶆ㧗 2.2mศୗࡆࠊ㐟Ỉᆅࡋࡓሙྜࢆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋCaseD)ࡣࠊࣘࢱࣖ୰ᚰ㒊యࢆ3mࡢ㍯୰ሐ࡛ᅖࡗࡓሙ ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ᅗ4ࠊ9㛫ᚋࡢࡍ࡚ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࡢゎᯒ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊᾐỈ῝ࡉ 1.5m௨ୖࢆ㉥Ⰽࠊ0.5m௨ୗࡣ⾲♧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺タᐃࡋࡓࠋ ༡ࢆࡅࡿ2ࡘࡢỈ㊰ࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡓሙྜ㸦CaseA㸧࡛ࡣࠊすഃࡢ༡ࡿỈ㊰Ỉࡀ⁀ࡲࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ ᑐ⟇࡞ࡋẚ㍑ࡋ࡚୰ኸ࠾ࡼࡧᮾഃࡢᾐỈࡀపࡃ㸪࠾࠾ࡼࡑ0.4mᾐỈࡀ㍍ῶࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᅗ4ࡢ(b)㸧ࠋỈ㊰ ࡢ㛗ࡣ⣙2.2km࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊỈ㊰ᖜࢆᣑࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ㈓Ỉ⬟ຊࡣୖࡀࡿࡀࠊୗὶࡢὶୗ⬟ຊࡀప࠸ࡲࡲ ࡛ࡣຠᯝࡀⓎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ࣘࢱࣖ⋤ᮅ௦㸦⣙500ᖺ๓㸧ࡢࡼ࠺Ỉ㊰ࢆᙇ ࡾᕠࡽࡋ᭷ຠά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ㜵⅏ࡢពࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃほග㠃࡛ࡶ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ୍㒊ࡢ㑇㊧ࢆࡉୖࡆࡋࡓሙྜ㸦CaseB㸧࡛ࡣࠊ ࡉୖࡆࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙᡤ௨እ࡛ࡣᾐỈࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ ศࡿ㸦ᅗ4ࡢ(c)㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㒊ศⓗ3mࡉୖ ࡆࢆࡍࡇࡣຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࡀࠊᩥ 㑇⏘ᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ┙ෆࡢ≧ែ㸦ᆅ㉁ࡸᙉᗘ➼㸧ࢆ ᢕᥱࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊᾐỈక࠺㑇㊧ ࡢຎ⭉㣗ࢆ᪩ᛴ㍍ῶࡋಖㆤࡍࡿᡭἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ᅗ 4 ᑐ⟇ࡢࣘࢱࣖ୰Ὢෆ࠾ࡅࡿὥỈゎᯒ⤖ᯝ㸦9h㸧 (d) ༡すࡢ୍㒊ࢆ㐟Ỉᆅࡋࡓሙྜ 㸦CaseC㸧 (b) ༡ࢆࡅࡿ 2 ࡘࡢỈ㊰ࢆ᥀ࡾ ୗࡆࡓሙྜ㸦CaseA㸧
N
༢㸸m (e) ࣘࢱࣖ୰ᚰ㒊యࢆ㍯୰ሐ࡛ ᅖࢇࡔሙྜ㸦CaseD㸧 (a) ᑐ⟇࡞ࡋࡢὥỈゎᯒ (c) ୍㒊ࡢ㑇㊧ࢆࡉୖࡆࡋࡓሙྜ 㸦CaseB㸧⌧ᐇⓗ࡛༶ຠᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᑐ⟇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ༡すࡢ୍㒊ࢆ㐟Ỉᆅࡋࡓሙྜ㸦CaseC㸧࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊᑐ⟇࡞ࡋẚ㍑ࡋ࡚0.2m㐟Ỉᆅࡋࡓ ሙᡤࡀࠊ࿘ᅖࡢᾐỈ⿕ᐖࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿാࡁࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ4ࡢ(d)㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊἙᕝࡢ༡࠾ࡼࡧ༡ᮾࡢࢥࣥࢱ ࣮ࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊẚ㍑ⓗ㟷Ⰽࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊἙᕝࡢ༡ഃࡢὶฟ㔞ࡀഹ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ୍ⓗ㐟Ỉụỏ℃Ỉࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᮏゎᯒ࠾ࡅࡿὶධ㔞࡛࠶ࢀࡤἙᕝ࠾ ࡼࡧࡢᆅᇦࡢὶฟࢆࡶ㍍ῶࡍࡿຠᯝࢆⓎࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᮏゎᯒ௨ୖࡢὶ㔞ࢆ࠼ࡿᮾഃࡢᆅᇦࡶᾐ Ỉ≧ែ࡞ࡿࡇࡣᐜ᫆ീ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࣘࢱࣖ୰ᚰ㒊యࢆ㍯୰ሐ࡛ᅖࢇࡔሙྜ㸦CaseD㸧࡛ࡣࠊࣘࢱࣖయࢆ3.5mࡢ㍯୰ሐ࡛ᅖࡴࡇ࡛ࠊ ୰ὪෆỈࡀධࡾ㎸ࡲ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ㸦ᅗ4ࡢ(e)㸧ࠋࡋࡋࠊ㛗12kmࡢ㍯୰ሐࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ 㠀⌧ᐇⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡶከ࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽࠊୡ⏺㑇⏘ᆅ࠾ࡅࡿᮏᥦࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ༡すࡢ㐟Ỉụࡢά⏝ࡀ᭱ࡶⰋ࠸ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ୍ ᗘὥỈࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠊࣘࢱࣖ࿘㎶ࡢἙᕝࡢὶୗ⬟ຊࡣⴭࡋࡃపୗࡋࠊἙᕝࡢỈࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡇࡽࠊỈ ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ୍ⓗ࡞ᮇ㛫ࠊࡇ㈓Ỉࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢩ࣮ࢼ࢝ࣜࣥබᅬࡣ㑇㊧⩌ࡣ㞳 ࢀࡓ⨨࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽᶆ㧗ࡶప࠸ࡇࡽࠊࣘࢱࣖ㑇㊧⩌ࡢᾐỈ⿕ᐖࢆపῶࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟ࡔ⪃࠼ ࡿࠋỈ㊰㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᖖࡣ༡ỈࢆὶࡋࠊỈୖ᪼ࡣഃࡢỈ㛛ࢆ㛢㙐ࡋࠊ༡ഃࡢࡳ㛤ᨺࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ୰ὪෆἙᕝỈࡀὶධࡋࡓሙྜࠊỈ㊰ࡀἙᕝỈࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ༡ഃࢆ㛤ᨺࡍࡿࡇ࡛ἙᕝỈࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓሙྜࠊὶධཱྀࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࢆᯝࡓ ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊᚋࠊヲ⣽࡞ゎᯒࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸲㸬࠾ࢃࡾ
ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ2012ᖺ11᭶2013ᖺ2᭶ࡢィ2ᅇ⾜ࡗࡓㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ3ࡘࡢᕝᅖ ࡲࢀࡓ୰Ὢෆࡢ࢚ࣜࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࠊὥỈゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊᚋࡢᑐ⟇ྥࡅࡓᥦࡋ࡚4᮲௳࠾ ࡅࡿゎᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗࠊᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡘ࠸࡚㏙ࡿࠋ 1) ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊ↢⎰ࡢຎࡸ⭉㣗ࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿᵓ㐀≀ࡢഴࡁࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆ ᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᆅ┙ỿୗࡢཎᅉࡢ㏣✲࠾ࡼࡧᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 2) iRICࢆ⏝࠸ࡓὥỈゎᯒ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊࣘࢱࣖ୰Ὢෆ࠾࠸࡚ࡣすࡽ༡ᮾࡅ࡚㡰ὥỈỏ℃ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᮾ㒊ࡣࢇᾐỈࡋ࡞࠸⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊྛ⊃✽㒊㸦ᮾ࠾ࡼࡧす ࡢἙᕝࡢྜὶ㒊ศ㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡣᖖỈࡀ㧗࠸≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶศࡗࡓࠋ 3) ỏ℃ὥỈᑐ⟇ࡢᥦࡋ࡚ࠊࣘࢱࣖᅵࢆ㍯୰ሐ࡛ᅖࡴࡇࡸࠊ୍㒊ࡉୖࡆࡘ࠸࡚ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀ ࡓࠋỈ㊰ࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ୰Ὢෆࡢ୰ኸ㒊ࡢᾐỈࡢ῝ࡉࡀ㍍ῶࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ༡す ࡢ୍㒊ࢆ㐟ỈụࡋࡓሙྜࠊỈ㊰ࡢ⤖ᯝྠᵝᾐỈࡢ῝ࡉࡀ㍍ῶࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ ᮏゎᯒ࡛ࡣ⡆᫆ⓗධᡭࡋࡓᶆ㧗ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡇࡽࠊὥỈỏ℃ࡢഴྥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᳨ド࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡋ ࡋࠊᚋࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ᥦࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ᶆ㧗ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓゎᯒࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊᾐỈ ⿕ᐖࡼࡾᆅ┙ෆࡢᆅୗỈ࠾ࡼࡧᙉᗘ➼ࡢᢕᥱࢆ⾜࠸ࠊྠỿୗࡢ⌧㇟ࡢᢕᥱ࠾ࡼࡧᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀ࡢኚ≧ ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ㅰ㎡㸸ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝCOEࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠕṔྐ㒔ᕷࢆᏲࡿࠗᩥ㑇⏘㜵⅏Ꮫ࠘᥎㐍ᣐⅬࠖࡢᨭࢆཷࡅ ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ❧㤋ᏛᏛ㝔⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ࡢ㏿ỈᬛẶࡣࠊゎᯒ࠾ࡅࡿࢻࣂࢫࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡇࠊグ ࡋ࡚ឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡍࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1) ᷄ୖᚭ㸪ୖ㔝♸⏕㸪㇂ཱྀோኈ㸪῝ᕝⰋ୍㸪㔛῝ዲᩥ㸸ୡ⏺㑇⏘ࣘࢱࣖࡢὥỈㄪᰝ࡞ࡽࡧᩥ㑇⏘㜵⅏ྥࡅࡓ ᥦ㸪Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟㸪Vol.6㸪pp.329-334㸪2012㸬2) 㛗㇂ᕝဴஓ࣭⏿୰㔜ග࣭PRINYA Chindaprasirt࣭THANUDKIJ Chareerat㸸ࢱᅜࣘࢱ࣮ࣖ㑇㊧ࡢຎㄪᰝಟ᪉
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