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(1)

第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

➨㸱❶ࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥࣭⊂ປാᕷሙࠖ

ಖ ఫ ᩄ ᙪ

͆The Japanese and German labor market

in the contemporary globalization”

Summery;

One important character of the labor market of both countries was the coexistence of the regular workers in the core industry and the irregular workers in the periphery industries. The regular workers of the key industries and governments offices were under life time employment and seniority system. They were protected by the employment law. On the other hand, the irregular workers of the marginal or periphery sectors had not enjoyed those systems and were not protected by such protecting employment law. We have relatively big sectors of small and middle enterprises such as groceries, clothing and parts maker for the car and the electric industries in Japan and these sectors employed many irregular workers.

As the globalization after 1990 compelled the competition among the enterprises of each country, they had to reduce the cost of their companies. Therefor they intended to reduce the regular workers and increase the irregular workers. Each government promoted this tendency and did ease restriction of the labor market. In Germany the Prime Minister G.Schroeder announced “Agenda 2010” and began the Hartz Reform in 2002. This reform involves ease restriction of employment law and some reduction of Social security. In Japan the Workers Dispatch Law were changed from 1990 several times and the enterprises could easily dispatch the regular workers and employ more irregular workers such as dispatched workers, contract workers and part-timer, From 2004 the enterprises of manufacturing could employ the dispatched workers and so the one third of workers of manufacturing became the irregular workers specially the dispatched workers in 2008.

But these dispatched workers were not protected by employment law and the basic

social security. So when the international financial crisis attacked the industries in

September of 2008, they were laid off and became often home less under worse social

security. There is a difference between Germany and Japan on the evaluation of the

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dispatched worker. In Germany they think this worker as a bridge from the unemployed to regular worker. But in Japan they think this worker as irregular worker and it is difficult for him to become a regular worker.

In this paper we would like to discuss at first the parallel development of Germany and Japanese labor market, second to explain the Hartz Reform in Germany and Japanese deregulation of the dispatched worker law and compare both reforms, at last to think about the problems of the irregular worker through comparing the Germany and Japanese labor market.

┠ ḟ㸹 㸯㸬ၥ㢟Ⅼ

㸰㸬 ᖺ௦௨ᚋࡢ᪥࣭⊂ປാᕷሙ̿ࣃࣛࣞࣝ࡞ᒎ㛤̿

㸱㸬ࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉࡜ࢃࡀᅜࡢປാᕷሙᨵ㠉 㸲㸬ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢၥ㢟࡜ᨻ⟇

㸯㸬ၥ㢟Ⅼ

2009

ᖺ࡟ࠊࣈ࣮࣓ࣞࣥ⤒῭ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ࡜᪥⊂ࡢປാᕷሙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆ㛤ദ ࡋ࡚௨᮶ࠊࢃࡓࡋࡣࠊ᪥࣭⊂ࡢປാᕷሙࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㛵ᚰࢆᢪ࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ஧

⦅ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒㄽᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶປാᕷሙ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ

2002

ᖺ࡟ጞࡲࡿࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࡢෆᐜࠊ⫼

ᬒࠊᙳ㡪࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࠊࡲࡓ๓グࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡢሗ࿌࡟࠾࠸࡚᪥ᮏປാᕷሙ࡜ࡾ

ࢃࡅ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡓ

1

ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡧࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜᪥ᮏࡢປാᕷሙࢆẚ㍑ࡋࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࠊ⌧ᅾ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡓ࠸ࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ᫬௦

࡟㢧ⴭ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢቑ኱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୧ᅜࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜᪥ᮏࡢປാᕷሙ࡟ࡣࠊᙜ↛࡟ࡶࠊ␗ྠࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ᪂༞

୍ᣓ㞠⏝࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞័⾜ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ௻ᴗࡣࡑࡢ⤒Ⴀάື࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚲせ࡞ேᮦ

ࢆࠊࡑࡢ㒔ᗘࠊປാᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ເ㞟ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿ࠊເ㞟ࡍࡿ⿕⏝⪅ࡢᢏ⬟࣭㈨ ᱁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂♧ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ௻ᴗ㸦㞠⏝⪅㸧ࡢ⫋ဨ࣭ປാ⪅㸦⿕⏝⪅㸧ࡢເ㞟ࡣࠊ ࡑࡢ᫬௦ࡢᬒẼືྥࡸ௻ᴗࡢᢞ㈨ᡓ␎࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ♫ဨࡣࠊ

᪤࡟௻ᴗࡢᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿປാ⬟ຊࢆࡶࡗࡓ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀࠊ≉ู࡟ࠊ♫ෆᩍ⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚෌ᩍ

⫱ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㞠⏝㛵ಀࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᩍ⫱ไᗘࡀࢻ

࢖ࢶ࡟ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྂࡃ࠿ࡽࡢ⫋ே㣴ᡂไᗘ㸦࣐࢖ࢫࢱ࣮ไ㸧ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࢹࣗ࢔࣭ࣝ

ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿᐇົ࡜ᩍ⫱ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡓᩍ⫱ไᗘࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚

༶ᡓຊ࡟࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ேᮦࡢ㣴ᡂࡀ┠ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ௻ᴗࡣࠊ័⾜࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰࣭㧗࣭኱Ꮵࡢࡑࡢᖺᗘࡢ᪂つ༞ᴗ⪅࠿

ࡽ୍ᐃᩘࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࠊ᥇⏝ᚋ௻ᴗෆ࡛ࡢᐇົ࡟༶ࡋࡓᩍ⫱㸦training on job㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ

ࢻ࢖ࢶປാᕷሙ࡜ࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࡢホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸦ಖఫ㺂2010㸧࠾ࡼࡧ㸦ಖఫࠊ2011㸧ࢆぢࡼࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪥

ᮏປാᕷሙ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿሗ࿌㸦Hozumi,2010ࢆぢࡼࠋ

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第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

ࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬♫࡟౑࠸ࡸࡍ࠸♫ဨࡢ㣴ᡂࢆࡍࡍࡵࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ᪂♫ဨࡢ᥇⏝ࡣࠊࡑࡢ᫬Ⅼ

࡛ࡢᬒẼືྥࡼࡾࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᡂ㛗ᡓ␎࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᢞ㈨ᨻ⟇࡟ࠊࡼࡾ࠾࠾ࡃᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ

ࡿࠋ≉ᐃࡢᢏ⬟࣭㈨᱁࣭⤒㦂ࢆࡶࡗࡓ♫ဨࢆ⌧ᅾࡢᚲせᩘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ

࠸ࢃࡤࠊᑗ᮶ࠊ♫ෆࡢ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ศ㔝࡛άື࡛ࡁࡿேᮦࢆணࡵ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ጼໃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᛂເ⪅ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᢏ⬟࣭㈨᱁࣭⤒㦂ࡣၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡽࡎࠊᛂເ⪅ࡢ୍⯡

ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࡀၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ௻ᴗࡀࠊ᪂つᏛ༞⪅ࡢ᥇⏝ࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜ࡟ࠊᛂເ⪅ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ⬟ຊ

ࢆ♧ࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿᏛᰯࡢࣛࣥࢡࢆၥ㢟࡟ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡤࠊ⿕⏝⪅ࡣࠊ

ⓑ⣬ࡢ≧ែ࡛ࠊ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࠊ௻ᴗࡢ♫ෆᩍ⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᙜヱ௻ᴗ࡟ᚲせ࡞ປാຊ࡟㣴ᡂࡉࢀ

ࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ௻ᴗࡀࡲࡔ༞ᴗࡢ☜ᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࢆᅾᏛ୰࡟᥇⏝ෆᐃ ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺័⾜ࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡀᏛ⏕ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑ࡼࡾࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞௙஦࡟

ࡶᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍⯡ⓗ⬟ຊࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀࡲࡓࠊ௻ᴗࡀࠊ

⤊㌟㞠⏝ไࢆ࡜ࡾࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࢇ᥇⏝ࡋࠊ♫ෆᩍ⫱ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ♫ဨࢆᐜ᫆࡟ゎ㞠ࡋ࡞࠸⌮⏤࡛࠶

ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ௻ᴗࡀᖺຌᗎิᆺࡢ㈤㔠ไᗘࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࠊ௻ᴗෆ⚟♴ไᗘࢆ඘ᐇࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

᪥⊂ࡢປാ័⾜ࡢ␗ྠ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡞࠾ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏ

࡜ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢປാᕷሙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ┦㐪ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㢮ఝⅬ࡟ࡶὀ┠ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ

୰᰾࡜࡞ࡿປാᕷሙࡢປാ⪅ࡀࠊ㞠⏝ἲไ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙉࡃಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢻ࢖

ࢶࡢ኱௻ᴗ࡟ࡘ࡜ࡵࡿ⿕⏝⪅ࡣࠊປ⅏ಖ㝤ࠊ⑌⑓ಖ㝤ࠊᖺ㔠ಖ㝤ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣኻᴗಖ㝤࡞࡝

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᡭཌࡃಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ኱௻ᴗࡢ⿕⏝⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

᪥ᮏࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᐁබᗇࡢ⫋ဨࠊ኱௻ᴗࡢ⫋ဨ࡜ປാ⪅ࡣࠊ⤊㌟㞠⏝࡜ᖺຌᗎิᆺ㈤㔠࡟

ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋປാຊၟရࡢ㞠⏝ዎ⣙ࡣࠊ୍ᗘ㝈ࡾ࡛ࠊ㞠⏝ࡣᐃᖺࡲ࡛⥆ࡃࠋ

ၟရᕷሙ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ኎㈙ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡜᮲௳ࡢኚ᭦ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢᇶᖿⓗ࡞⏘ᴗࡢ௻ᴗࡸබົ

ဨປാ⪅ࡢປാຊᕷሙ࡛ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ௚᪉ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ປാᕷሙ࡟ࡣࠊ࿘㎶ⓗ࡞࠸ࡋࡣ㝈⏺ⓗ࡞ᕷሙࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢻ࢖ࢶࡢሙྜࠊ୺࡟እᅜேປാ⪅㸦࠸

ࢃࡺࡿ࢞ࢫࢺ࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢱ࣮㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᢸࢃࢀࡿ⌧ᴗⓗ࡞⏘ᴗศ㔝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢃࡀᅜࡢሙྜࠊ

᫂἞᫬௦௨᮶ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓᆅሙ⏘ᴗࡸࠊ➨஧ḟ኱ᡓᚋࡢ㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ᮇ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ኱௻ᴗࡢୗ

ㄳ௻ᴗ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࣭㞽⣽⤒ႠࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ௻ᴗࡀປാຊࡢ㟂せ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚

⌧ࢀࡿປാຊᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊປാຊࡢ⛣ືࡣ࠿࡞ࡾὶືⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ▷ᮇⓗ࡞㞠⏝ᮇ㛫࡜

ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿປാຊࡢ኎㈙ࢆ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢປാຊᕷሙࡢ㔜せ࡞≉ᚩ࡟ࡣࠊ୰᰾ⓗ࡞ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṇ つ㞠⏝࡜࿘㎶ⓗ࡞ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢඹᏑ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀࠊぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ

1990

ᖺ௦௨᮶ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ᫬௦௨᮶ࠊ୧ᅜࡣ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊኚㇺࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୰᰾ⓗ࡞ປ

ാᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊゎ㞠つไࡢ⦆࿴࡜ṇつປാ⪅ࡢ㠀ṇつປാ⪅࡟ࡼࡿ௦᭰࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟ࡀ ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

┠ ḟ㸹

㸯㸬ၥ㢟Ⅼ

(4)

㸰㸬 ᖺ௦௨ᚋࡢ᪥࣭⊂ປാᕷሙ̿ࣃࣛࣞࣝ࡞ᒎ㛤̿

ࡍ࡛࡟ࠊࡑࡢ୍➃ࢆ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜᪥ᮏࡢປാᕷሙࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞័⩦ࡸไᗘࡣࠊ199

0

ᖺ௦௨ᚋࠊぢ┤ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ୺せ࡞ෆᐜࡣࠊປാᕷሙࢆࡵࡄࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲࡢつ ไࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࡿ࠿ᗫṆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓഴྥࢆᨭ࠼ࡓᛮ᝿ࡀࠊ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏

࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸

2

ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓഴྥࡀໃຊࢆቑࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊഅ↛ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ

࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊṔྐⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ1991ᖺࡢᮾすࢻ

࢖ࢶ⤫୍࡟ࡼࡿᅜᐙ㈈ᨻࡢ≧ែࡢኚ໬ࡸࠊᪧ♫఍୺⩏ㅖᅜࡢᕷሙ⤒῭࡬ࡢ᚟ᖐࡸ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡸ

༡⡿ࡢㅖᅜࡢୡ⏺⤒῭࡬ࡢ⤫ྜࡢ㐍ᒎ࡞࡝ࡢ⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓഴྥ

ࡣ⌧ᐇ໬ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊ1985ᖺ࠿ࡽ

1990

ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢࣂࣈࣝ

ࡢᔂቯ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃᖹᡂ኱୙ἣ࡜࠸࠺⤒῭᝟ໃ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜࡸ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡜ࢃࡀᅜࡢ௻

ᴗࡢᾏእ㐍ฟࡢቑ኱࡜࠸࠺ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢつไ⦆࿴࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊປ

ാᕷሙࡢつไ⦆࿴ࡢഴྥࢆᙉࡵࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㛫ࡢ஦᝟ࢆࠊࡲࡎࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࡘ࠸࡛᪥ᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡞㆟ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓ㸦Eichhorst/Marx,

2009㸧ࡢླྀ㏙࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶປാᕷሙࡢኚ㑄ࢆࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ

1980

ᖺ௦࠾ࡼࡧ

1990

ᖺ௦ึࡵ࡟ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ㞠⏝ไᗘࡢ㌿ᙧࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࠕ♫఍ಖ㞀ࠊゎ㞠つไࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᅋయ஺΅ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ປാᕷሙࡢ୰᰾㒊ศࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ᮲ 㡯ࡣࠊኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ㸦Eichhorst/Marx,

2009,7㸧

ࠋ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࠊ

1990

ᖺ௦୰㡭ࠊ ᪂ࡋ࠸㞠⏝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡏ࡞࠸ປാᕷሙࡢḞ㝗ࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࠕ♫఍ಖ㞀 ࡢᩚ⌮⤫ྜ࡜ປാᕷሙࡢ㒊ศⓗつไ⦆࿴ࡀㄽதࡢⓗ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠖ

op.cit

CDU/Liberal

㐃❧

ᨻᶒࡢ᭱ᚋࡢẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿ

1996

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊゎ㞠つไࡢ㐺⏝ࢆཷࡅࡿ௻ᴗつᶍࡣࠊ5 ྡ࠿ࡽ

10

ྡࡢᚑᴗဨ࡟ᘬࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࠊつไ⦆࿴ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㐌࠶ࡓࡾഹ࠿ࡢ᫬㛫ࡋ࠿ാ࠿࡞

࠸ࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാࡀࠊ⚾ⓗ࡞ປാ㞟⣙ⓗࢧ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡲࡍࡲࡍ㢖⦾࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ♫఍ಖ㞀ࠊ✚ᴟⓗປാᨻ⟇ࠊ㞠⏝ಖㆤࡣࠊṇつ ࡢ⿕⏝⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣኚ᭦ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ㸦Eichhorst/Marx,

2009,8㸧

⥆ࡃࠊࢩ࣮ࣗࣞࢲ࣮ᨻᶒࡢ➨୍ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ

1998

ᖺ࠿ࡽ

2001

ᖺࡢ᫬ᮇࡣࠊࠕປാᕷሙࡢࣇࣞ

ࢡࢩࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡢไ㝈ࠖࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

1998

ᖺࡢ

SPD/Gruene

ࡢ㐃❧ᨻᶒ࡬ࡢ஺௦

࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢ෌つไࡀࠊㄽதⅬ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ๓ᨻᶒࡢ⾜ࡗࡓ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡸ㞠⏝ಖㆤ ࡢ๐ῶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯ᑐࡀࠊᨻᶒ஺௦ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋ

1999

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊゎ㞠つไࡀࠊ5ே࠿ࡽ

10

ࡢᚑᴗဨࢆ᧦ࡍࡿᑠ௻ᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᅇ᚟ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘ࠸࡟ࠊ

2001

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ᭷ᮇዎ⣙ࡀࠊ᭷ຠ

࡞⌮⏤ࡶ࡞ࡋ࡟ࠊ᭱ึࡢ㞠⏝ࡢሙྜ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ㸦Eichhorst/Marx,2009㺂9㸧

ࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕⱥᅜ㤳┦࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣞ࢞ࣥ⡿ᅜ኱⤫㡿ࡀᥦၐࡋࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ୰᭮᰿㤳┦ࡀ㏣㝶ࡋࡓᑠࡉ࡞ᨻᗓࢆ

┠ᣦࡍᛮ᝿ࡣࠊ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡓࠋ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ᨭ࠼ࡿ⤒῭Ꮫࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࢩ࢝ࢦᏛὴ ࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

1970

ᖺ௨᮶ࡢⱥ⡿ࡢ⤒῭୙ἣ࡜኱㔞ኻᴗ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢣ࢖ࣥࢬ୺⩏࡟ࡓࡘ⤒῭

ᨻ⟇ࡀຠᯝࢆ♧ࡏ࡞࠸≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࠊ౪⤥ഃ⤒῭Ꮫ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡇࡢᏛὴࡢ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏ࡢ⤒῭Ꮫࡀ⬮ගࢆᾎ ࡧࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓࠋᚋࡢᑠἨ㤳┦ࡢᨵ㠉ࡶࡇࡢ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏ࡢ❧ሙ࡟❧ࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏ࡢホ ౯ࡣ௒᪥࡞࠾ᐃࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ㈶ྰ୧ㄽࡀ୪❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏ࡢࡶࡘᕷሙཎ⌮୺⩏

࡟㈶ᡂࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ⤒῭ࡢຠ⋡ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࠊ཯ᑐࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࡑࢀࡀ᱁ᕪၥ㢟ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿ࡜

࠸࠺ࠋ

(5)

第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

ࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ㈤㔠ࡢࣇࣞࢡࢩࣅࣜࢸ࢕ࡸጇᙜᛶࡣࠊ㔜せ࡞ㄽதⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢩ࣮ࣗࣞࢲ࣮ᨻᶒࡢ➨஧ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ

2002

ᖺ࠿ࡽ

2005

ᖺࡢ᫬ᮇࡣࠊࠕࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉࡜͂࢔ࢪ࢙

ࣥࢲ

2010

ᖺ̓ࠖࡢ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2001ᖺ௨᮶ࡢ⤒῭୙ἣࡀࠕປാᕷሙࡸ♫఍ᨻ⟇ࡢࣃࣛࢲ࢖

࣒ࡢኚ໬ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࠶ࡽࡓ࡞つไ⦆࿴ⓗᨵ㠉ࠖࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋ

ࠕ㆟ㄽࡢከ࠸’࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ

2010͂࡜⤖ࡧࡘ࠸ࡓࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࡢࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࡣࠊேⓗ㈨ᮏࢆᚿྥ

ࡍࡿປാᕷሙᨻ⟇࠿ࡽࠊప㈤㔠ࡢ௙஦࡛ࡶᑵࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠝປാᕷሙࡢࠞ㟂せഃせᅉࢆᙉ

ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᑵᴗᕼᮃ⪅ࡢពᚿ࡬ࡢኚ໬ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡼࡾཝ᱁࡞⫋᥈ࡋࡢ

᱌ෆࠊኻᴗಖ㝤㔠ࡢ࠿࡞ࡾཝࡋ࠸ᨭ⤥᮲௳ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ㛗ᮇࡢカ⦎࡜┤᥋ࡢ௙஦ࡢ๰ฟ࠿ࡽ

ປാᕷሙ࡬ࡢ෌⤫ྜࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ▷ᮇࡢィ⏬࡬ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆࠊព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ

op.cit

⪁㱋ປാ⪅࡬ࡢኻᴗಖ㝤㔠ཷ⤥ᮇ㛫ࡣࠊ

32

࠿᭶࠿ࡽ

18

࢝᭶࡟๐ῶࡉࢀࠊࡇࢀࡀࠊ

஦ᐇୖࡢ᪩ᮇ㏥⫋࡜࠸࠺ᡭẁࢆ↓ࡃࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊኻᴗᢇຓ࡜♫఍ᢇຓࡢኻᴗಖ㝤㔠 ϩ࡬ࡢ⤫ྜࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࣑ࢽ࣭ࢪࣙࣈࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓࠋ࣑ࢽ࣭ࢪࣙࣈࡣࠊప࠸᫬㛫

㈤㖟࡬ࡢྠពࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊSPD/Gruene ᨻᗓࡣࠊࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࢆࡶ⮬⏤

໬ࡋࡓࠋ᭦᪂ࡉࢀࡿ᭷ᮇ㞠⏝ዎ⣙ࡢ㛤ጞࡢᖺ㱋ࡣࠊ

58

ṓ࠿ࡽ

52

ṓ࡟ᘬࡁୗࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᪂タࡢ௻ᴗࡣࠊᅄᖺ㛫ࡲ࡛ࠊ᭷ᮇዎ⣙ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋὴ㐵ປാ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ

1985

ᖺ࠿ࡽ

2002

ᖺࡢ㛫࡟ࠊ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ᮇ㛫ࡣ

3

࢝᭶࠿ࡽ

24

࢝᭶࡟ᣑ኱ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡑ ࡢᚋࠊࣁࣝࢶ➨Ϩἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᗫṆࡉࢀࡓࠋ

2003

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊᘓタᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὴ㐵ປാࡢ⚗Ṇࡀࠊ ᗫṆࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕὴ㐵ປാࡣࠊኻᴗ⪅ࢆປാᕷሙ࡬⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⣙᮰ࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ぢ೴ࡉࢀ

ࡓࠋࠋࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࡢࡑࡢ௚ࡢせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ๰ᴗࡢ㝿ࡢ⿵ຓࡢᣑ኱ࡸከࡃࡢᡭᕤᴗ࡟࠾ࡅ

ࡿ࣐࢖ࢫࢱ࣮㈨᱁ド᫂᭩ࡢᗫṆ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦Eichhorst/Marx,2009ࠊ11㸧

ࠕせࡍࡿ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ➨஧ᮇࡢ㉥࣭⥳ࡢ❧ἲάືᮇࡢᨵ㠉ࡣࠊປാᕷሙࡢ࿘㎶㒊࡛

ࡣ኱㔞ࡢつไ⦆࿴ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰᰾㒊ศࡣᙳ㡪ࢆ࠺ࡅࡓࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ❧ἲ

ୖࡢኚ໬ࡣࢃࡎ࠿࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

op.cit

ࠋ୰᰾ⓗປാᕷሙࡢࣇࣞࢡࢩࣈࣝ໬࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡛

࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᅋయ஺΅ࡢᚋ㏥ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋከࡃࡢ⿕⏝⪅ࡣࠊᅋయ஺΅࡛Ỵࡵࡽ

ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ᮲௳࡛ࠊാࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ୰᰾ⓗປാᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅋయ஺

΅࡟ࡼࡿປാ᮲௳ࡢỴᐃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᙅࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊ᪤㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊὴ㐵ປ

ാࠊ⮬ᕫ㞠⏝࠾ࡼࡧప㈤㔠ປാࡢࡼ࠺࡞࿘㎶㒊ศࡢປാᕷሙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㧗࠸ࣇࣞࢡࢩࣅ

ࣜࢸ࢕ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋ

ࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࡣ♫఍Ẹ୺ඪࡢໃຊࢆᙅࡵࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ

2005

ᖺࡢᅜ఍㑅ᣲࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ

CDU/CSU

ࡀ຾฼ࢆ཰ࡵࠊྠඪࡢ࣓ࣝࢣࣝඪ㤳ࢆ㤳┦࡜ࡍࡿࠊ

SPD

࡜ࡢ㐃❧ᨻᶒࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࠋ

2005-2009

ࡢ᫬ᮇࡣࠊࠕᕷሙࡢໃຊࡢᢚไࠖࡢ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕࡇࡢ኱㐃❧ᨻᶒࡣࠊປാᕷሙᨵ㠉࡟ࡓ࠸

ࡋ࡚ࡶࡗ࡜ៅ㔜࡞❧ሙࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࠖ㸦Eichhorst/ Marx, 2009ࠊ12㸧ࠋἲᐃ㏥⫋ᖺ㱋ࡢ

65

ṓ࠿

67

ṓ࡬ࡢᘬࡁୖࡆࡣࠊࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ᚋࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ⤒㈝๐ῶၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍẸ୺ඪ ෆࡢつไ⦆࿴ࡢᛮ᝿ࡣᚋ㏥ࡋࠊࠕ᭱㏆ࡢᨻ⟇ㄽதࡣࠊᅽಽⓗ࡟ᰴᘧドๆ࡜♫఍ⓗṇ⩏࡜࡟㛵 ᚰࢆᣢࡘ࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ

op.cit

ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢ෌Ᏻᐃ໬࡜࿘㎶㒊ປാ

㸰㸬 ᖺ௦௨ᚋࡢ᪥࣭⊂ປാᕷሙ̿ࣃࣛࣞࣝ࡞ᒎ㛤̿

(6)

ᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭱ప㈤㔠ไࡢᑟධࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠕ➨୍࡟ࠊ⪁㱋ປാ⪅࡟ᑐࡍ

ࡿኻᴗಖ㝤㔠ࡣࠊ

18

࢝᭶࠿ࡽࡩࡓࡓࡧ

24

࢝᭶࡟ᘏ㛗ࡉࢀࡓࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊᅔ㞴࡞ሙᡤ࡛ࡢ㛗ᮇ ኻᴗ⪅࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ࠊ⿵ຓ㔠࡛ࡢ㞠⏝ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜 せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᭱ప㈤㔠ࡀࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᨻ⟇ㄽத࡟࠾࠸࡚ึࡵ࡚ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀࡓㄽதⅬ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

op.cit

ࠋປാ⤌ྜ࡜♫Ẹඪࡣࠊ඲⯡ⓗ࡞᭱ప㈤㔠ไࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ♫Ẹ

ඪࡣࡇࢀ࡟཯ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊጇ༠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢࡸ㒑౽ࢧ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢫࡸ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ὴ 㐵ປാࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢧ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢫ㒊㛛࡛ࡢศ㔝ู᭱ప㈤㔠༠ᐃࡢᣑ኱ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

op.cit

᭱㏆ࡢ୙ἣࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࠊࠕࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᨻ⟇❧᱌ᐙࡣࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ▷᫬㛫ປാ࠸࠸࠿࠼ࢀࡤ㒊ศ

ⓗኻᴗࡢ౑⏝ࡢᣑ኱࡟ࠊ㢗ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋኻᴗಖ㝤࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈨㔠౪୚ࡉࢀࡓ▷᫬㛫ᡭᙜ ࡢ᭱኱ᨭ⤥ᮇ㛫ࡣࠊ2009ᖺ࡜

2010

ᖺࡢ㛫࡟ࠊ6ࣨ᭶࠿ࡽ

18

࢝᭶࡟ᘏ㛗ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ

࡚ ࠊ ๐ ῶ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ປ ാ ᫬ 㛫 ࡣ ࠊ ♫ ఍ ಖ 㞀 ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⿵ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࠖ

㸦Eichhorst/Marx,2009ࠊ12-13㸧ࠋ▷᫬㛫ປാࡣࠊ࠾ࡶ࡟ࠊ㍺ฟᚿྥ⏘ᴗࡢ௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚฼

⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ௻ᴗࡣ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ὴ㐵ປാࡢ౑⏝ࢆ⦰ᑠࡋࠊ▷᫬㛫ປാࡢ฼⏝ࢆቑ

ࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⤖ᒁࠊ༴ᶵ࡟ᑐࡍࡿປാᕷሙࡢᑐᛂࡣࠊ஧ࡘࡢ௙᪉࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ୰᰾ࡢࢫࢱࢵࣇ

ࡣ Ᏻ ᐃ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ ࣇ ࣞ ࢡ ࢩ ࣈ ࣝ ࡞ 㒊 㛛 ࡣ ࠊ ࡶ ࡗ ࡜ ⣲ ᪩ ࡃ ࠊ ཯ ᛂ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠖ 㸦Eichhorst/Marx,2009ࠊ13㸧

࡛ࡣࠊ⌧௦ࡢࢻ࢖ࢶປാᕷሙࡢ≧ែࡣ࡝࠺࠿ࠋࠕ1990ᖺ௦࡟ࡣࠊṇつ㞠⏝ࡢ≛≅ࡢୗ࡟ࠊ 㠀ṇつ࡞௙஦ࡢࢩ࢙࢔ࡀቑ኱ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊṇつࡢ௙஦ࡢᩘ࡜ࢩ࢙࢔ࡣ┦ᑐⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊὴ㐵ປാࠊ᭷ᮇዎ⣙ࠊ࿘㎶ⓗປാࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ⮬ᕫ㞠

⏝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࣇࣞࢡࢩࣈࣝ࡞㞠⏝ዎ⣙ࡣᣑ኱ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣭࣭࣭ࢧ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢫ㒊㛛࡟᪂ࡋ࠸

ᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖ

op.cit

ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊṇつࡢ௙஦ࡶࠊࣇࣞࢡࢩࣈࣝ࡞ປാ᫬㛫࡜ཧຍ⪅ㄪ

ᩚ(remuration arrangement)ࡢࡺ࠼࡟ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࣇࣞࢡࢩࣈࣝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ

୰᰾ⓗ࡞ປാᕷሙ࡛࠶ࡿṇつ㞠⏝ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶࠊ࿘㎶ⓗ࡞ປാᕷሙ࡛࠶ࡿὴ㐵ປാ࣭⮬ᕫ㞠

⏝ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࣇࣞࢡࢩࣈࣝ໬ࡣ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀࠊᚋ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟ࣇࣞࢡࢩ

ࣈࣝ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࡛ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢປാᕷሙࡣࠊ࡝࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⮬Ẹඪᨻᶒୗ࡛ࡢᬒẼᾋᥭᨻ⟇

ࡢ㐙⾜࡜ࡑࡢᚋࡢᑠἨᨻᶒୗࡢつไ⦆࿴ࡢ᥎㐍ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᭱㏆ࡢẸ୺ඪᨻᶒࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡢປ

ാᕷሙᨻ⟇࡞࡝ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᥎⛣ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

ࢃࡀᅜࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮾすࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ෌⤫ྜ࡟ࡼࡿࢥࢫࢺࡢቑຍ㸦ᪧ ᮾ⊂ᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢᩚഛࠊᪧᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡢẸႠ໬࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺⤒㈝㸧࡞࡝⤒㈝ࡢ㈇ᢸ

࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ࠿ࢃࡾࠊ1985ᖺ࠿ࡽ

1990

ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢࣂࣈࣝࡀࠊ1991ᖺ௨᮶ࠊᔂቯ ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ῝้࡞୙ἣࡢⓎ⏕ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᖹᡂ኱୙ἣ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ୙ἣ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕኻ

ࢃࢀࡓ

10

ᖺࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕኻࢃࢀࡓ

15

ᖺࠖ࡜࠸࠺៏ᛶ୙ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱ᆺࡢ㖟⾜ࡸドๆ఍♫

ࡢᔂቯࡀぢࡽࢀࠊ୙Ⰻമᶒࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ㖟⾜ࡀࠊ⼥㈨ࡢ⦰ᑠ㸦㈚ࡋ῰ࡾ㸧ࢆ⾜࠺୰࡛ࠊከࡃࡢ

୰ᑠࡢ௻ᴗࡀᅇ㌿㈨㔠୙㊊࠿ࡽ⾜ࡁワࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ௻ᴗࡣಽ⏘ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅ

ࢀࡤࠊᚑᴗဨࢆゎ㞠ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪂つࡢᏛ༞⪅ࡢ᥇⏝ࢆᑡ࡞ࡃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᑐᛂࢆྲྀࡗ

(7)

第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠊࣂࣈࣝࡢᔂቯ࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫఍୺⩏࡜㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࡢ෌⤫ྜࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔

࡜༡⡿ࡢㅖᅜࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊୡ⏺ᕷሙࡀᣑ኱㐍໬ࡍࡿࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ㐍 ᒎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡣእᅜ௻ᴗ࡜ࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖ࡟➇தࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ

⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡣࠊປാᕷሙࡢつไ⦆࿴ࢆ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡓ஦᝟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࣂࣈࣝࡢᔂቯ࡜ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡟ࡼࡿປാᕷሙࡢኚ໬ࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢປാຊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㟂せࡢኚ

໬࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠋ௻ᴗࡣࠊ㞠⏝⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰㧗ᖺ㱋ࡢປാ⪅ࡢᕼᮃ㏥⫋ࢆເࡿ࠿ࠊ᪂つᏛ

༞⪅ࡢ᥇⏝ࡢ⦰ᑠࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ⤊㌟㞠⏝ࡢ័⾜໬ࡋࡓࢃࡀᅜࡢ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୰㧗ᖺ㱋ᒙࡢ ᚑᴗဨࡢゎ㞠ࡣᅔ㞴࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊṇつປാ⪅ࡼࡾࡣ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞

ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣐࣮ࠊᮇ㛫ᕤࠊㄳ㈇ᕤࠊ࠾ࡼࡧὴ㐵ປാ⪅࡞࡝ࡢ㠀ṇつປാ⪅

ࡢ᥇⏝࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀࡘࡼࡲࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡛࡟ࠊ㞠⏝つไἲࡢつไ⦆࿴ࡣ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋὴ㐵ປാ

⪅ἲࡢᨵṇࡣࠊ1986ᖺ௨᮶ࠊᩘᗘ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭱ึࡣࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢྍ⬟࡞ᴗ✀

ࢆᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊつไ⦆࿴ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋᙜึࡣࠊᘓ⠏ᴗ࡞࡝ࡢ

4

ᴗ✀ࡋ࠿ὴ㐵ࡣㄆ

ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ₞ḟᣑ኱ࡋࠊ1990 ᖺ௦࡟

28

ᴗ✀࡟ࡲ࡛ᣑ኱ࡋࡓࠋ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏࡟ࡓࡘ ᑠἨ㤳┦ࡢⓏሙ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊὴ㐵ࡣࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ2002ᖺ࠿

2008

ᖺࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ㟁ᶵ⏘ᴗࠊ⮬ື㌴〇㐀ᴗ࡞࡝ࡢ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚑᴗဨࡢ

30㸣ࡀࠊ

㠀ṇつປാ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࠋ2008ᖺࡢ

9

᭶ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㔠⼥༴ᶵࡢຨⓎ࡜ࡑ ࡢୡ⏺⤒῭࡬ࡢ῝้࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡶචࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ2009ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡣ῝้

࡞୙ἣ࡟㝗ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏘ᴗࡢ௻ᴗࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢゎ㞠࡟㉮ࡗࡓࡇ

࡜ࡣࠊグ᠈࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊከࡃࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡀࠊ༑ศ࡞♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢୗ࡟ಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸

࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡁࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࣂࣈࣝᔂቯᚋࡢᖹᡂ኱୙ἣࡢୗ࡛ࡢᨻᗓࡢᑐᛂࡣࠊᙜึࡣࠊࢣ࢖ࣥࢬᨻ⟇ࡢᐇ᪋࡟ࡼࡗ

࡚ࠊᬒẼᅇ᚟ࢆᅗࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᡓ␎ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡓࠋ᪂ᖿ⥺ࡢᣑ኱ࠊᅄᅜᯫᶫࡢ᥎㐍ࠊ㧗㏿㐨㊰⥙

ࡢᣑ኱࡞࡝ࠊ♫఍ⓗ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢᘓタࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᅜമⓎ⾜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡓ㈨㔠ࢆᢞධࡍࡿ࡜࠸

࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓබඹᢞ㈨ࡀ୙ἣࢆゎỴࡋࠊኻᴗၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ࡜ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡚

࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊኻᴗ⋡ࡢῶᑡࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㖟⾜ࡢ୙Ⰻമᶒࡣࠊ ゎỴࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡟ฟ࡚᮶ࡓࡢࡀࠊᑠἨ㤳┦࡟ࡼࡿ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏ⓗぢゎ࡟❧ࡘࠊつไ⦆

࿴ࡢ㊰⥺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㒑ᨻẸႠ໬ࡢ᥎㐍࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᕷሙཎ⌮୺⩏ⓗ࡞つไ⦆࿴ࡀ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ

ࡓࠋ2003ᖺࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡢᨵᐃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ〇㐀ᴗࡢ௻ᴗ࡟ࡶࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆ㏦ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ฟ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ2008ᖺ㡭ࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ〇㐀ᴗࡢ௻ᴗ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆ

㞠࠸ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᩘࡣࠊྛ௻ᴗࡢ඲ᚑᴗဨࡢ

30㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓ

ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜᪥ᮏࡢປാᕷሙࢆࠊ1990ᖺ௨᮶௒᪥ࡲ࡛ほᐹࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᗄࡘ࠿ࡢⅬ

࡛ࠊ㢮ఝⅬࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎ➨୍࡟ࠊ᥇⏝ࡢ௙᪉ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ኱௻ᴗࡸබົဨ࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡜ࡶ࡟㛗ᮇ㞠⏝ࡢṇつປാ⪅ࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୧ᅜ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ 㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡀࠊ1990ᖺ௨ᚋࠊᖺࢆ⤒ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓኚ໬ࡢ

⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ1990ᖺ௨ᚋ࡟ᛴ㏿࡟㐍ࢇࡔࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᪧ♫఍୺⩏ᅜࡢᕷሙ⤒

(8)

῭࡬ࡢ෌⤫ྜࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ࠊ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ୰༡⡿ࡢ⤒῭ⓗⓎᒎ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡸ᪥ᮏ࡞࡝

ࡢඛ㐍ᕤᴗᅜࡶࠊཝࡋ࠸➇த࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦᝟ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜࡢ ປാᕷሙ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࠋᅜ㝿㈠᫆࡟࠾ࡅࡿ౯᱁➇தࡣࠊࢥࢫࢺᘬࡁୗࡆࡢࡓࡵࡢே௳

㈝ࡢ๐ῶࢆせồࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣ௻ᴗࡢ㞠⏝⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ሙ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࠋ➨୕࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊປ

ാ⪅ಖㆤࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡢປാᕷሙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪤ᏑࡢつไࢆࠊᗫṆࡍࡿ࠿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㏴ῶࡍࡿ࡜࠸

࠺ࠊつไ⦆࿴ㄽࡀฟ࡚᮶ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ࣭ᛮ᝿ⓗ࡟᰿ᣐ࡙ࡅࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂

⮬⏤୺⩏ࡢᛮ᝿ࡀᣢࡕฟࡉࢀࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ♫఍Ẹ୺୺⩏ࡢ➨୕ࡢ㐨ㄽ

3

ࡀᣢࡕฟࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊḟ࡟ࠊ1990ᖺ࠿ࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ࡢ㔜኱࡞ປാᕷሙᨵ㠉࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉࡜

ࢃࡀᅜࡢປാᕷሙᨵ㠉࡜ࢆࠊẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺

4

㸱㸬ࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉࡜ࢃࡀᅜࡢປാᕷሙᨵ㠉

ࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶປാᕷሙࢆࠊ✚ᴟⓗປാᨻ⟇ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊᨵ㠉ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ㧗⋡ኻᴗ⋡ࢆゎỴࡋࡻ࠺ࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࠊࢩ࣮ࣗࣞ

ࢲ࣮㤳┦ࡢពẼ㎸ࡳࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᑠἨᨵ㠉ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ㞠

⏝ἲไࡢつไ⦆࿴࡟ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡸࡴࢆᚓࡎࠊṇつᚑᴗဨࡢ㞠⏝ࢆࠊ㠀ṇつ ᚑᴗဨࡢ㞠⏝࡟㌿᥮ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࢃࡀᅜࡢ௻ᴗ⪅ࡢཷືⓗ࡞ጼໃࡀᇉ㛫ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ㞠⏝ၥ 㢟࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸Ᏻ᫆ࡉࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ2008ᖺࡢ࣮࣐࣭ࣜࣥࣈࣛࢨ

࣮ࢬ఍♫ࡢ◚⏘࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㔠⼥༴ᶵࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ᪥ᮏ⤒῭ࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢゎ 㞠ࡣ࠿ࢀࡽࢆ㊰㢌࡟㏞ࢃࡏࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࠾࠾ࡃࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆྵࡴ㠀ṇつປ

ാ⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢゎ㞠᫬ࡢ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢไᗘࡀ༑ศ࡟ᩚഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡀゎ㞠ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ࠿ࢀࡽࡣ⤥୚ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊఫᏯࢆࡶ

ኻ࠸ࠊኻᴗಖ㝤㔠ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࡶཷࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺஦ែ࡟㝗ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㠀ṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡾࢃ

ࡅὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࡢቑ኱࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜᪥ᮏࡶࠊࡑࡢᐇែ࡜ไᗘⓗ

ព࿡ࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊࡇࡢⅬࢆࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࠊ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

ⱥᅜࡢࣈࣞ࢔࣮㤳┦㸦ປാඪ㸧ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓࠕ➨୕ࡢ㐨ࠖㄽࡣࠊᅜ᭷௻ᴗࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᚑ᮶ࡢປാඪࡢᨻ⟇

ࢆಟṇࡋࠊ᪂⮬⏤୺⩏ࡢ୺ᙇࢆ㒊ศⓗ࡟ᐜㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࠊປാᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸

࡚ࡣࠊ✚ᴟⓗປാᨻ⟇ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᨻᗓࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞⫋ᴗ⤂௓ࡸ⫋ᴗカ⦎ࡢάືࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠋࢻ࢖ࢶࡢࢩࣗ

࣮ࣞࢲ࣮㤳┦ࡀࠊࡑࡢ➨஧ḟᨻᶒ㸦2002-2005㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ヨࡳࡓࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉ࡶࠊࡇࡢ➨୕ࡢ㐨ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙

࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ࣂࢫᩍᤵࡣㄽᩥ㸦Bass,2009㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬௨๓ࡢࢻ࢖ࢶ㸦ࣛ࢖ࣥ㈨ᮏ୺⩏㸧࡜᪥ᮏ㈨ᮏ୺⩏

㸦᪥ᮏᰴᘧ఍♫㸧࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࢥ࣮࣏ࣛࢸ࢖ࢬ࣒ⓗ♫఍⤒῭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ඹ㏻ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊປാ㛵ಀ࡛

ࡶ㝵⣭㜚தࡼࡾࡣ♫఍ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࣕࣇࢺⓗᛮ⪃ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶປാᕷሙࡢ⤖᮰ࡀᙉ

࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ホ౯ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ୧ᅜ࡜ࡶ࡟ከᵝ࡞ཎᅉ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿປാᕷሙ༴ᶵࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋࡇ

࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ ୡ⣖ࡢጞࡲࡾ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊປാᕷሙၥ㢟࡬ࡢ᫂☜࡞ᑐᛂࡀ୙ྍ㑊࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨஧ḟ ࢩ࣮ࣗࣞࢲ࣮ᨻᶒ㸦2001-2005㸧࡜ᑠἨᨻᶒ㸦2001-2006㸧ࡣࠊ࡜ࡶ࡟ປാᕷሙᨻ⟇ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ヨࡳࡀᚲせ

࡜ぢࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓࠋ୧ᅜࡢປാᕷሙᨵ㠉ࡣࠊኻᴗ⪅࡜௻ᴗᐙ࡜ࡢ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ㈨᱁ၥ㢟࡞࡝ࡢ ၥ㢟ࠊኻᴗ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈤㔠⿵᏶⤥௜ࡢ๐ῶၥ㢟ࠊ㞠⏝ಖㆤࡢ๐ῶ➼ࠎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟

࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨵ㠉ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡀ✚ᴟⓗປാᕷሙᨻ⟇ࡢⅬ࡛኱ࡁࡃኚࢃࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᨵ 㠉ࡢࢸ࣏ࣥࡀ㐜࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ホ౯ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୧ᅜࡢປാᕷሙࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒ࡣࠊṇつ㞠⏝ࡢ㡿ᇦ

࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㺀つไࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㺁⫋ሙ㸦㠀ṇつ㞠⏝㸧ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ᖺࡢୡ⏺⤒

῭༴ᶵ௨ᚋࡢᒎ㛤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୕ࡘࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

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第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

ࢩ࣮ࣗࣞࢲ࣮㤳┦ࡣࠊࡑࡢ➨୍ḟᨻᶒ㸦1998-2002㸧࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢᨻᶒࡀ㞠⏝ἲไࡢ つไ⦆࿴ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ෌ᗘࠊつไࢆᙉࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙࢆ᥇ࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊࡑࡢ

௵ᮇࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊኻᴗ⋡ࢆࡣ࠿ࡤ࠿ࡋࡃῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ

࠿ࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢ➨஧ḟᨻᶒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢࣈࣞ࢔㤳┦ࡢࠕ➨୕ࡢ㐨ࠖㄽ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ

ࡘࡘࠊ✚ᴟⓗປാᨻ⟇ࢆ᥇ࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀࠊࣁࣝࢶጤဨ఍ࡢᥦ᱌࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࣁࣝࢶᨵ 㠉᱌࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ࢔ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ

2010࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࠊ᪤࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓᣋ✏࡟

࠾࠸࡚ࠊヲࡋࡃศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࢆせ⣙ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ➨୍࡟ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᚑ᮶ࡢ㞠⏝

ᒁࢆࠕࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠖ࡟෌⦅ᡂࡋࠊ⫋ᴗ⤂௓ࡢ㎿㏿໬ࠊὴ㐵ປാࡢᶵ఍ࡢᣑ኱࡞࡝ࢆ

⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊ➨஧࡟ࠊ⚾ᰴᘧ఍♫࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᐙ᪘఍♫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬Ⴀᴗࡢタ❧࡬ࡢ⿵ຓࠊ࣑ࢽ࣭

ࢪࣙࣈ࡜࠸࠺ప㈤㔠㞠⏝ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ➨୕࡟ࠊゎ㞠つไࡢ⦆࿴ࠊኻᴗ⤥௜ᮇ㛫ࡢ▷⦰ࠊ ኻᴗᢇຓ࡜♫఍ᢇຓࡢ⤫ྜ࡟ࡼࡾኻᴗಖ㝤㔠ϩ࡜࠸࠺᪂ไᗘࢆసࡾୖࡆࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࢀࡽࡢᨵ㠉ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡣᕷሙ⤒῭࡟௵ࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ㞠⏝ၥ㢟ࢆࠊᨻᗓࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞௓ධ࡟ࡼࡗ

࡚ᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ❧ሙ࡟❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ㐃㑥㞠⏝ᗇࢆࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦㐃㑥㞠⏝

ᶵᵓ㸧࡟෌⤌⧊ࡋࠊ⫋ᴗ⤂௓ࠊ⫋ᴗカ⦎ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧὴ㐵ປാࡢ⤂௓➼ࢆ⾜࡞࠺࡟ࡋࡓⅬ࡟ࠊ ࡑࢀࡣ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨஧࡟ࠊ⚾ᰴᘧ఍♫ࡸᐙ᪘఍♫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬Ⴀᴗࡢタ❧ࢆᐜ᫆࡟ࡋࠊࡑ ࡢ௻ᴗ࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚⿵ຓࢆ࠶ࡓ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㞠⏝࡜࠸࠺ᙧ௨እࡢᑵᴗࡢᙧែࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡜࡟

ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊኻᴗ⋡ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᡓ␎ࡀࠊぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ➨୕࡟ࠊ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢ๐ῶ࡜ࡾࢃ

ࡅኻᴗಖ㝤㔠ཷ⤥ᮇ㛫ࡢ▷⦰࡜ࠊࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ⤂௓ࡍࡿ⫋ᴗ࡬ࡢᑵᴗࡢᣄྰࡀኻᴗ ಖ㝤㔠ࡢῶ㢠ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡜࠸࠺つᐃࡣࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗኻᴗࡢ๐ῶࢆ≺ࡗࡓᡓ␎࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡭẁࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊኻᴗ⪅࠾ࡼࡧ♫఍ᢇຓཷ⤥⪅ࡢᑵᴗࢆಁࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ❧ሙ

࡟❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࡛ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ㞠⏝ἲไ࡟ᑐࡍࡿつไࡢ⦆࿴ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

ࡲࡎࠊປാ㛵ಀࢆつᐃࡍࡿᇶᮏἲ࡛࠶ࡿປാᇶ‽ἲࡢᨵṇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᫛࿴

62

9

᭶ࡢປാᇶ

‽ἲࡢᨵṇࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊປാ᫬㛫ࡢつไ⦆࿴ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓࠋᰗἑ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࠊἲ ᐃປാ᫬㛫ࡢ

40

᫬㛫࡬ࡢኚ᭦ࠊኚᙧປാ᫬㛫࣭ࣇࣞࢵࢡࢫࢱ࢖࣒ไࡢᑟධࠊᖺḟ᭷⤥ఇᬤ ࡢ᪥ᩘቑ኱࡜ィ⏬ఇᬤไᗘࡢ๰タࠊ஦ᴗሙእປാ࡜⿢㔞ປാࡢࡳ࡞ࡋ᫬㛫ไࡢ๰タ࡞࡝࡛

࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᰗἑࠊ

2008ࠊ 88-89㸧

ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ⿢㔞ປാไࢆ࡜ࡾ࠺ࡿᴗົࡢ㏣ຍࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ

௻⏬ᴗົᆺ⿢㔞ປാไࡢ๰タࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᡂ

15

ᖺ௨ᚋ࡟ࡣࠊ࣍࣡࢖ࢺ࣮࢝ࣛࡢປ

ാ࡟㛵ࡍࡿປാἲไࡢぢ┤ࡋࡀ㐍ᒎࡋࡓࠋ

࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶປാᕷሙ࡜ࢃࡀᅜࡢࡑࢀ࡜ࡢẚ㍑࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ㠀ṇつປാ⪅

࡜ṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀࠊ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ1990ᖺ௨᮶ࡢ୧ᅜࡢ ປാᕷሙࡢኚㇺࡢ㔜せ஦㇟ࡣࠊ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢቑ኱࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࡣࡑ ࡢ୰᰾࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㧗ኻᴗ⋡ࢆᘬࡁୗࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㐃㑥㞠⏝ᶵᵓ࡜

ྛᕞࡢ㞠⏝ᶵᵓࡣࠊࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ὴ㐵ඖ఍♫ࢆ㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ࠊኻᴗ⪅ࢆ௻ᴗ࡟ὴ㐵 ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࢆษࡗ᥃ࡅ࡟┤᥋㞠⏝ࡢṇつປാ⪅࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ດຊࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜ

࡛ࡣ࡝࠺ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠋ 㸱㸬ࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉࡜ࢃࡀᅜࡢປാᕷሙᨵ㠉

(10)

㸲㸬ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢၥ㢟࡜ᨻ⟇

ࢃࡀᅜࡢ㠀ṇつປാ⪅࡛ࡣࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣐࣮࣭࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺࡢẚ⋡ࡀ࠾࠾ࡁࡃࠊᑓᴗ୺፬

ࡸᏛ⏕ࢆྵࡴⱝ⪅ࡀࡑࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ࠸࡛ࠊ௻ᴗࡀㄳ㈇఍♫࡜ዎ⣙ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿㄳ㈇ປാ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿࠋㄳ㈇ປാ⪅ࡣࠊᙜヱ௻ᴗ࡛ാࡃࡀࠊ㞠⏝㛵ಀࡣඖㄳ㈇఍♫࡜ࡢ㛫࡟

࠶ࡾࠊཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋㄳ㈇ປാ⪅ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶࠊඖㄳ㈇఍♫ࡢᣦ

᥹┘╩ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࠊാࡃࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ௻ᴗ࡟ࡣࠊὴ㐵఍♫࠿ࡽཷࡅධࢀࡓὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡶᙜヱ௻ᴗ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㞠⏝㛵ಀࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᙜヱ௻ᴗࡢᣦ᥹┘╩ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ປാࡍࡿ

࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊㄳ㈇ປാ⪅࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௻ᴗ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࢀ௨እ࡟ࠊᙜヱ௻ᴗࡀ┤᥋㞠⏝

ࡍࡿࡀࠊ᭷ᮇࡢ㞠⏝ዎ⣙ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ാࡃᮇ㛫ປാ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ከᵝ࡞㠀ṇつປാ⪅

ࡀ࠸ࡿࡀࠊṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡢ┦㐪ࡣࠊ࠿ࢀࡽࡢ㞠⏝ዎ⣙ࡀࠊ᭷ᮇዎ⣙࡛࠶ࡿⅬ࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ ṇつປാ⪅ࡀாཷࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ♫఍ಖ㞀ไᗘࡢᜠᜨࡸ♫ෆ⚟♴ไᗘࡢ฼⏝࡞࡝ࡢⅬ࡛ࠊᕪูࡉ

ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ✚ᴟⓗປാᕷሙᨻ⟇ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚⫯ᐃⓗ࡟఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ஦᝟ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋὴ㐵ປാ⪅ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊከ ࡃࡢㄽᩥࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

5

ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࠊ๓ᥖࡢᰗἑㄽᩥࡢ᝟ሗ࡟ࡼࡾࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡢኚ 㑄ࢆぢࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊ᫛࿴

60

ᖺ࡟ࠊປാ⪅ὴ㐵ἲࡀไᐃࡉࢀࠊປാὴ㐵ࡢㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ

16

ᴗົࡀつᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊᖹᡂ

8

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊὴ㐵ᑐ㇟ᴗົࡀ

26

ᴗົ࡟ᣑ኱ࡉࢀࡓ

6

ࠋࡇࢀ

ࡽࡣࠊᑓ㛛ⓗᴗົ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᣦᐃࡋ࡚ὴ㐵ࢆࡳ࡜ࡵࡿ࣏ࢪࢸ࢖ࣈ

ࣜࢫࢺ࡜࠸࠺ᙧࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊᖹᡂ

8

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡞࡝ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊὴ㐵ᑐ㇟ᴗົࡢไ 㝈ࢆ᧔ᗫࡋࡓࠋ〇㐀ᴗࡸ་⒪㛵ಀ࡞࡝ࢆ㝖ࡁὴ㐵ࢆㄆࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊࢿ࢞ࢸ࢖ࣈࣜࢫࢺ

࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ26ᴗົ௨እࡣࠊὴ㐵ᮇ㛫ࢆ

1

ᖺ௨ෆ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ

ࡣṇつ㞠⏝ࡢ௦᭰࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࡜࠸࠺㓄៖࠿ࡽࡔࡗࡓࠋ

ᖹᡂ

12

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊὴ㐵ࢆ࡬࡚ὴ㐵ඛ௻ᴗ࡛ࡢṇつ㞠⏝᥇⏝ࢆぢ㎸ࡴࠕ⤂௓ணᐃὴ㐵ࠖࡀᐇ

᪋ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᖹᡂ

15

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ་⒪ࡢ୍㒊࡜≀ࡢ〇㐀࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿᴗົ࡬

ࡢὴ㐵ࡀ⮬⏤໬ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᴗົࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ࢖ࣈࣜࢫࢺ࠿ࡽࡢ㝖እࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᰗἑࠊ

2008ࠊ91-92㸧

ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊὴ㐵ᴗົࡢᣑ኱ࢆᅗࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ௚᪉࡛ࡣࠊ⤂௓ணᐃὴ㐵ࡢ

ᢎㄆࡢࡼ࠺࡟┤᥋ࡢṇつ㞠⏝ࡢᣑ኱࡟⧚ࡀࡿ㓄៖ࡶࡋࡓࠋ

࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᖹᡂ

15

ᖺ㸦2002 ᖺ㸧ࡢ〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὴ㐵ປാ⪅ཷࡅධࢀࡢἲไ໬ࡣࠊࡑ ࡢᚋࡢࢃࡀᅜࡢປാᕷሙ࡟Ỵᐃⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ᩘࡣ

2002

ᖺ࡟ࡣ

213

୓ேࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊ2006ᖺ࡟ࡣ

321

୓ே࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ2008

9

᭶ࡢᅜ㝿㔠⼥༴ᶵࡢ

┤๓࡟ࡣࠊ

381

୓ே࡟ࡢࡰࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ〇㐀ᴗࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗࡸ㟁ჾ⏘ᴗ࡞࡝࡟࠾

㸦ᮏᗉࠊ2010㸧ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿປാ⪅ὴ㐵ࡢ᫝㠀ࢆᕠࡿㄽத࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㞠⏝ಖ㞀࡜ᆒ➼ᚅ㐝࡟

㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲἲ࠾ࡼࡧࢻ࢖ࢶἲࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲㅖᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊປാ

⪅ὴ㐵ࡀ┤᥋㞠⏝࡬ࡢᯫᶫ࡟࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᨻ௧ ᴗົࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛤ⓎࠊᶵᲔタィࠊᨺ㏦ᶵჾ➼᧯సࠊᨺ㏦␒⤌➼₇ ฟࠊ୍⯡࣭Ⴀᴗ஦ົ࣭ࢹ࣮ࢱධຊ➼ࠊ㏻ヂ࣭⩻ヂ࣭㏿グࠊ⛎᭩ࠊࣇ࢓࢖ࣜࣥࢢࠊㄪᰝࠊ㈈ົࠊ㈠࣭᫆ᅜ 㝿஦ົ࣭ྲྀᘬᩥ᭩సᡂࠊࢹࣔࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࠊῧ஌ࠊᘓ⠏≀Ύᤲࠊᘓ⠏タഛ㐠㌿࣭Ⅼ᳨࣭ᩚഛࠊ㥔㌴ሙ

⟶⌮ࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨࠊ஦ᴗᐇ᪋యไࡢ௻⏬࣭❧᱌㛵ಀࠊ⦅㞟࣭༳ๅ࣭'73 ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ࠊᗈ࿌ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࠊ࢖

ࣥࢸࣜ࢔ࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ࠊ࢔ࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ࠊ㹍㸿࢖ࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࠊࢸ࣐࣮ࣞࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢႠᴗࠊࢭ࣮

ࣝࢫ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔࣮࣭㔠⼥ၟရࡢႠᴗࠊᨺ㏦␒⤌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ኱㐨ල࣭ᑠ㐨ලࠋ

(11)

第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

࠸࡚ࡣࠊ

2008

ᖺ࡟ࡣ඲ᚑᴗဨࡢ

30㸣㏆࠸ࡶࡢࡀࠊ㠀ṇつປാ⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୰ᚰࡣὴ㐵ປ

ാ⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᅜ㝿㔠⼥༴ᶵ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ⮬ື㌴ࡸ㟁ჾ〇ရࡢ㍺ฟࡀ

40-50㸣࡟

ࡲ࡛⦰ᑠࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏘ᴗࡢ௻ᴗࡀὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠Ṇࡵࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑ ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ௻ᴗ࡜ᅜࡢ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢ⥙࠿ࡽὤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᙼࡽࡀࠊᝒ᝺࡞≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊグ

᠈࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸲㸬ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢၥ㢟࡜ᨻ⟇

᭱ึ࡟ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࠾ࡼࡧࢃࡀᅜࡢປാᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ1990ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡀቑ኱ࡋ ࡓཎᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⪃ᐹࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢ㞠

⏝ࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡓせᅉࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

1990

ᖺ௨᮶ࡢୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢᵓ㐀 ኚ໬࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➃ⓗ࡟࠸ࡗ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡣඛ㐍ᅜ┦஫ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧඛ㐍ᅜ࡜᪂⯆⤒῭ᅜ࡜ࡢ ᅜ㝿➇தࢆ⃭໬ࡉࡏࠊࡇࢀࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢㅖᅜࡢ௻ᴗ࡟⏕⏘ࢥࢫࢺࡢ๐ῶࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ே௳㈝

ࡢ๐ῶࢆ㏕ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢㅖᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௻ᴗࡀ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࢆቑࡸࡋ ࡓཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀປാຊᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟂せഃࡢ஦᝟࡟ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊඛ㐍ᅜ

࡟࠾ࡅࡿປാᕷሙࡢ౪⤥ഃࡢኚ໬࡟ࡶ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡿせᅉࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑ

ࢀࡣࠊඛ㐍ᅜࡢ࠶ࡲࡡࡃぢࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊฟ⏕⋡ࡢపୗ࡜ᖹᆒᑑ࿨ࡢᘏ㛗࡟⏤᮶ࡍ

ࡿࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᑡᏊ㧗㱋໬࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ࠊ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡼࡿእᅜேປാ⪅ࡢ ቑ኱࡜ዪᛶࡢປാຊ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋእᅜேປാ⪅ࡶዪᛶປാ⪅ࡶࠊࡑࡢᏛṔࡸ㈨᱁ࡸᐇຊ

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㞠⏝ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㞠⏝᝟ໃࡢᝏ

࠸ሙྜࠊ࠿ࢀࡽࡀ㠀ṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㞠⏝࡟⏑ࢇࡌࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ༑ศ࡟ண᝿ࡉ

ࢀࡿ஦ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞⤒῭஦᝟ࡢኚ໬࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࢺ࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊ

IT

ᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⏘ᴗࡢ⏕⏘ຊࡢቑ㐍ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㎰ᴗ࡞࡝ࡢ➨୍ḟ⏘ᴗࠊ〇㐀 ᴗ࡞࡝ࡢ➨஧ḟ⏘ᴗ࡟ࡃࡽ࡭࡚ࠊࢧ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢫ⏘ᴗࠊ᝟ሗ㏻ಙ⏘ᴗࠊ㔠⼥ᴗ࡞࡝ࡢ➨୕ḟ⏘

ᴗࡀ⫧኱໬ࡋࠊከᵝ࡞ປാࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶࠊ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢቑ኱ࡢ୍ᅉ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜

࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ௻ᴗ࡜ປാ⤌ྜࡢ஺΅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ປാ᮲௳ࡀỴࡵࡽࢀࠊᅜᐙࡢປാἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ไ ᗘ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ〇㐀ᴗࡢࡼ࠺࡞➨஧ḟ⏘ᴗࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜᐙබົဨࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศ㔝ࡢປ

ാ⪅࣭⫋ဨ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⏘ᴗศ㔝ࡢከᵝ࡞ᮍศ໬࡞ປാ࡟ࡘ࠸ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓไᗘࡢ⥙

࠿ࡽእࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶከ࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟ࠊ⌧௦᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ࠾࠾

࠸⏘ᴗศ㔝ࡣࠊ᝟ሗ㏻ಙ⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࠾ࡼࡧ᪥ᮏࡢ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢᐇ᝟ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

ࡲࡎࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢၥ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡼ࠺ࠋ㐃㑥⤫ィᒁࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ ࡢṇつ㞠⏝ࡣࠊ(1)⏕ィࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࠺ࡿᡤᚓࢆᨭᡶࢃࢀࡿࣇࣝࢱ࢖࣒ປാࠊ(2)↓ᮇ㝈ࡢ㞠⏝㛵 ಀࠊ(3)ኻᴗ࣭⑌⑓࣭ᖺ㔠ಖ㝤࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍ಖ㞀࡟ໟᦤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ(4)ປാ㛵ಀ࡜౑⏝㛵 ಀࡢ୍⮴ࠊ(5)౑⏝⪅ࡢᣦ♧࡟ᑐࡍࡿປാ⪅ࡢ㡰Ᏺ⩏ົ࡞࡝ࡢ≉ᚩࢆࡶࡘ㞠⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ

(12)

ࡽࡢ≉ᚩࢆḞࡃ㞠⏝ࡀࠊ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝࡛࠶ࡾࠊ(1)࣑ࢽ࣭ࢪࣙࣈࠊ(2)ࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാࠊ(3)

᭷ᮇ㞠⏝ࠊ(4)ὴ㐵ປാ࡞࡝࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ࣑ࢽ࣭ࢪࣙࣈ࡜ࡣࠊ᭶཰

400

࣮ࣘࣟ௨ୗࡢ㞠⏝ࡲࡓ

2

࢝᭶௨ୗࡲࡓࡣ

50

᪥௨ୗࡢ▷ᮇ㞠⏝ࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാ࡜ࡣࠊࣇࣝࢱ࢖

࣒࡛ാࡃປാ⪅ࡢ㐌ປാ᫬㛫ࡼࡾࡶࠊ㈤㔠ዎ⣙ୖࡼࡾ▷࠸㐌ປാ᫬㛫࡛ാࡃປാ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࠕࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാ࣭᭷ᮇ㞠⏝ዎ⣙ἲࠖ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാ⪅ࡣࠊࣇࣝࢱ

࢖࣒ປാ⪅࡜㈤㔠࡞࡝࡟࠾࠸࡚ᆒ➼ࡢᚅ㐝ࢆಖドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭷ᮇ㞠⏝ࡶ๓グࡢἲ௧࡟ࡼ

ࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㞠⏝ዎ⣙࡟࠾࠸࡚㞠⏝ᮇ㛫ࢆ㝈ᐃࡍࡿ࡟ࡣᐈほⓗ࡞⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

ṇᙜ໬ࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊὴ㐵ປാࡣࠊࠕປാ⪅ὴ㐵ἲࠖ㸦1972ᖺ㸧

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓὴ㐵ᮇ㛫ࡣࠊ㸱ࣨ᭶ࠊ㸴ࣨ᭶ࠊ㸯㸰ࣧ᭶ࠊ㸰㸲ࣨ᭶

࡜ᘏ㛗ࡉࢀࠊࡘ࠸࡟ࡣ᏶඲࡟᧔ᗫࡉࢀࡓࠋὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢປാ᮲௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᆒ➼ᚅ㐝ࡀồ

ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ

7

ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡢ⌧≧ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാࡣᬒẼ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ⥅⥆ⓗቑຍࡋࠊ

2008

ᖺ࡟ࡣ㞠⏝඲యࡢ

26㸣௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵࡓࠋ࣑ࢽ࣭ࢪࣙࣈࡣࠊࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࠊ

඲ᑵᴗ⪅ࡢ

14㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭷ᮇປാ⪅ࡢ๭ྜࡣࠊ1990

ᖺ௦௨㝆୍ᐃỈ‽ࢆಖࡕࠊ⣙

10㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡣࠊᑵᴗ⪅඲యࡢ 2.3㸣࡜ẚ㍑ⓗ࡟ప࠸Ỉ‽࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊࣁࣝࢶᨵ㠉

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀὴ㐵ඖ௻ᴗ࡜ᥦᦠࡋ࡚ኻᴗ⪅ࡢ෌ᑵ⫋࡟ດࡵࡿ࡜

࠸࠺ࠊไᗘኚ᭦ࡢࡏ࠸࠿ࠊᏳᐃⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋ2008

6

᭶࡟ࡣ

80

୓ேࢆᩘ࠼ࡓࠋ⤒῭༴

ᶵࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾࠊ2009

5

᭶ࡲ࡛࡟ࡣࠊ30㸣ῶᑡࡋࠊ52୓ே࡟⃭ῶࡋࡓ

8

ࠋࢃࡀᅜࡢὴ㐵 ປാ⪅ࡶࠊ2008

9

᭶ࡢᅜ㝿㔠⼥༴ᶵࢆቃ࡟⃭ῶࡋࠊ㢮ఝࡢ᥎⛣ࢆࡓ࡝ࡗࡓࠋ

࡛ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡣࠊ1990ᖺ௦௨᮶ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᥎⛣

ࢆࡓ࡝ࡾࠊ⌧≧ࡣ࡝࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

ປാᨻ⟇◊✲࣭◊ಟᶵᵓ2006a࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㠀ṇ♫ဨࡣ

1980

ᖺ௨᮶ቑຍࡋࠊ2003ᖺ࡟

1637

୓ேࠊ⥲㞠⏝⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿẚ⋡ࡣ

34.6%࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊዎ⣙♫ဨẚ⋡ࡣ 1994

ᖺ࠿ࡽ

2003

ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⏘ᴗ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊ୙ື⏘ᴗࠊࢧ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢫᴗࠊ㐠㍺ᴗࠊ

〇㐀ᴗ࡛㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋὴ㐵ປാ⪅ẚ⋡ࡣࠊከࡃࡢ⏘ᴗ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ᝟ሗ㏻ಙ ᴗ࡜㔠⼥࣭ಖ㝤ᴗ࡛ࡢୖ᪼ᖜࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാ⪅ẚ⋡ࡣࠊ㐠㍺ᴗࠊ༺኎࣭

ᑠ኎ᴗࠊ㔠⼥࣭ಖ㝤ᴗࠊ୙ື⏘ᴗࠊࢧ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢫᴗ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2003ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊ㣧㣗 ᗑࠊᐟἩᴗࠊ༺࣭ᑠ኎ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊປാᨻ⟇◊✲࣭◊ಟᶵᵓ2010a࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ

2003

ᖺ࠿ࡽ

2007

ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊṇ♫

ဨẚ⋡ࡣ

65.4%࠿ࡽ 62.2%࡟ࡲ࡛ 3.2%పୗࡋࠊ㠀ṇ♫ဨẚ⋡ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࠋࡑ

ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡣ

2.1%࠿ࡽ 4.7%࡬࡜ୖ᪼ࡋࠊ

ዎ⣙♫ဨࡣ

2.4%࠿ࡽ 2.8%࡬࡜ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢ᫬ᮇࠊከࡃ⏘ᴗ࡛ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡀቑ኱ࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ2.0%࠿ࡽ

9.8%

࡬࡜

8%㏆ࡃቑ኱ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ 2004

ᖺࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡢᨵṇ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ

ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

⊂❧ἲேປാᨻ⟇◊✲࣭◊ಟᶵᵓ㸦2010㸧ࠊࠕ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࢆࡵࡄࡿⱥ࣭௖࣭⊂ࡢືྥ≉㞟ᾏእປാ᝟

ሗࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࠖࠊ2010/07/28㸦http://jil.go.jp/foreign/labor_system/2010_㸧ཧ↷ࠋ

ྠୖࠋ

(13)

第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2008

9

᭶ࡢ࣮࣐࣭ࣜࣥࣈࣛࢨ࣮ࢬ♫ࡢ◚⥢࡟ጞࡲࡿᅜ㝿㔠⼥༴ᶵࡣࠊ㠀ṇつ 㞠⏝ࡢ஦᝟ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓࠋ㸦ປാᨻ⟇◊✲࣭◊ಟᶵᵓࠊ2011a࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㔠⼥༴ᶵ௨ᚋࡢ

3

ᖺ㛫࡟ࠊ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࡣῶᑡഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ㺀་⒪ࠊ⚟♴㺁௨እࡢ⏘ᴗ࡛ࡣᴫࡋ࡚ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢῶᑡࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ༴ᶵᚋࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ❓≧

࡟ࡼࡾὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝࡟ᑐࡍࡿୡ㛫ࡢᢈุࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ௻ᴗࡀ┤᥋㞠⏝ࡢᮇ㛫ᕤ ࡢ㞠⏝ࡸㄳ㈇఍♫࡜ࡢዎ⣙࡟ࡼࡿㄳ㈇ປാ⪅ࡢ฼⏝࡟㢗ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ㏥

⫋ᮇ࡟ධࡗࡓ㧗㱋⪅ࢆკク⫋ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚㞠⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࡀቑ኱

ࡋࡓࠋࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ປാ⪅ࡢẚ⋡ࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ

࣑ࢽ࣭ࢪࣙࣈࡀ➨஧࡟኱ࡁ࠸ẚ⋡ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ┤᥋㞠⏝ࡢᮇ㛫ᕤࡀ➨஧࡟኱ࡁ

࠸ẚ⋡ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᮇ㛫ᕤࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢไᗘ࡛ࡣ᭷ᮇ㞠⏝ປാ⪅࡟࠶ࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ

௻ᴗࡣᬒẼㄪᩚࡸ⦾㛩ᮇ㞠⏝ㄪ⠇ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᮇ㛫ᕤࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡟ࡣࠊዎ

⣙ୖࡣ᭷ᮇ㞠⏝࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣዎ⣙᭦᪂ࢆ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡾ⥆ࡅࠊ᭱኱㝈࡛ࡣṇつ 㞠⏝⪅ࡢ㏥⫋ᮇ㝈ࡲ࡛᭦᪂ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ࠊㄳ㈇ປാࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡀ ㄳ㈇఍♫࡟ᴗົࡢ୍㒊ࢆጤクࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊㄳ㈇఍♫ࡢປാ⪅ࡀࠊᙜヱ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢ௻ᴗ ࡢṇつປാ⪅࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ാࡃሙྜࡢປാ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ㐀⯪ᴗࠊᘓタᴗࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬

ື㌴ࡸ㟁ჾࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚⏘ᴗ࡞࡝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ㔠⼥༴ᶵ௨ᚋࠊ௻ᴗࡀὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ㄳ㈇ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᪤࡟ࠊ㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௻ᴗࡣࠊ ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢປാ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┤᥋ࡢᣦ᥹࣭┘╩ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆࡶࡘࡀࠊ 㞠Ṇࡵࡀ࠿ࢀࡽࢆࡋࡤࡋࡤᝒ᝺࡞≧ែ࡟㝗ࢀࠊ♫఍ࡢ③Ⅿ࡞㠀㞴ࢆᾎࡧࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐇドࡉࢀ

ࡓ௨ୖࠊ௻ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆᮇ㛫ᕤࡸㄳ㈇ປാ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௦᭰ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㑅ᢥ⫥

ࢆྲྀࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ஦ᐇࠊ㏆ᖺࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊᮇ㛫ᕤࡢ㞠

⏝࡜ㄳ㈇ປാ⪅ࡢ฼⏝ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜᪥ᮏࡢ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝࡟ࡣࠊඹ㏻Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱ࡁ࡞

┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࠾ࡼࡧ

EU

ㅖᅜ࡛ࡣࠊἲไୖࡣ᭷ᮇ㞠⏝⪅࡜ṇつ㞠⏝⪅࡜ࡢ㛫 ࡢᆒ➼ᚅ㐝ࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㈤㔠ࡸປാ᫬㛫࡞࡝ࡢປാ᮲௳࡜♫఍ಖ㞀ୖࡢ᮲

௳ࡀ୧⪅࡛ᕪูࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㞠⏝ዎ⣙ࡀ᭷ᮇ࠿↓ไ㝈࠿࡜࠸࠺㐪࠸ࡔࡅ࡛ࠊᚅ㐝ୖࡣᆒ➼ࡔ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡓ࠸

ࡋ࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡣࠊ㈤㔠ࡸ⫋ᴗカ⦎ࡢࢳࣕࣥࢫ࡛ᕪูࡀ࠶ࡾࠊṇつປാ

⪅ࡀᖺຌᗎิⓗ࡟㈤㔠ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢ㈤㔠ࡣᶓࡤ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡗ࡜

ࡶࠊປാ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊṇつປാ⪅ࡀṧᴗࡀከࡃ㛗᫬㛫໅ົ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㠀ṇつ ປാ⪅ࡣ᫬㛫࡟⦡ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከ࠸ࠋ

ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊ᪤࡟ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡀࠊ1990ᖺ௦࡟₞ḟᨵᐃࡉࢀࠊつไ⦆࿴ࡀ㐍

ࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿᴗົ㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢖ࣈࣜࢫࢺ㸧ࡢᣑ኱ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊ ࡘ࠸࡟ࡣ

2ࠊ3

ࡢ౛እࢆ㝖ࡃࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᴗົ㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢖ࣦࣜࢫࢺ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ὴ㐵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

(14)

ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᨵᐃࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶᙳ㡪ຊࡢ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ2004ᖺࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡢᨵᐃ

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋཌ⏕ປാ┬࣭㒔㐨ᗓ┴ປാᒁࡢ᝟ሗ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊྠᖺ

3

1

᪥࠿ࡽ᪋⾜ࡉࢀࡓᨵ ṇປാ⪅ὴ㐵ἲࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡣࠊ㸦1㸧ὴ㐵ཷࡅධࢀᮇ㛫ࡢᘏ㛗㸦ὴ㐵ཷࡅධࢀᮇ㛫ࡀ

1

ᖺ࡟

ไ㝈ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᴗົࡀ᭱㛗

3

ᖺࡲ࡛ᘏ㛗㸧ປാ⪅ࡢ㐣༙ᩘ௦⾲ࡢពぢ⫈ྲྀ㸦๓グࡢᘏ㛗࡟

㝿ࡋ࡚ປാ⤌ྜࡢពぢ⫈ྲྀࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧㸦2㸧ὴ㐵ປാ⪅࡬ࡢ┤᥋㞠⏝ࡢ⏦ࡋ㎸

ࡳ⩏ົ㸦ὴ㐵ཷධࢀᮇ㛫ࡢไ㝈᢬ゐ᪥ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㞠

⏝ዎ⣙ࡢ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧㸦3㸧ὴ㐵ᑐ㇟ᴗົࡢᣑ኱㸦〇㐀ᴗົ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ὴ 㐵ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠊ་⒪㛵㐃ᴗົ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ணᐃὴ㐵ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣὴ㐵ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸧

(4)チྍ࣭ᒆࡅฟᡭ⥆➼ࡢ⡆⣲໬ࠊ(5)ປാ⪅ὴ㐵஦ᴗࡢチྍࡢḞ᱁஦㡯ࡢ㏣ຍ㸦ฟධᅜ⟶⌮

࠾ࡼࡧ୙ἲᑵປຓ㛗⨥ࡢ㏣ຍ㸧

(6)⤂௓ணᐃὴ㐵ࡢぢ┤ࡋ㸦ὴ㐵㛤ጞ๓࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᮇ㛫୰ࡢồ

ே᮲௳ࡢ᫂♧ࠊ᥇⏝ෆᐃ➼ࠊὴ㐵ඛࡀὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆ㞠⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡢ⌮⏤ࡢ᫂♧࡞࡝㸧ࠊ(7) ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࡢᏳᐃࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵࡢᥐ⨨㸦ὴ㐵ඖࡶὴ㐵ඛࡶ㞠⏝ᮇ㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㞠⏝Ᏻᐃ ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㓄៖ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ດࡵࡿࡇ࡜㸧

(8)ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢᏳ඲⾨⏕ࡢ☜ಖ㸦〇㐀ᴗົᑓ㛛ࡢ

ὴ㐵ඖ࣭ὴ㐵ඛ㈐௵⪅ࡢ㑅௵➼㸧ࠊ(9)ὴ㐵ඖ㈐௵⪅࡟ಀࡿᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ⡆⣲໬ࠊ(10)ὴ㐵ඖ஦ᴗ

୺࣭ὴ㐵ඛࡀㅮࡌࡿ࡭ࡁᥐ⨨㸦ὴ㐵ປാ⪅࡬ࡢປാ࣭♫఍ಖ㝤ࡢ㐺⏝ࢆಁ㐍ࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅

ࡢ⚟฼ཌ⏕➼࡟㛵ࡋṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡢᆒ⾮ࢆ㓄៖ࡍࡿࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢᩍ⫱カ⦎࣭⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨ࡟

༠ຊ㸧࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢ

2004

ᖺࡢᨵṇὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡢ᪋⾜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ〇㐀ᴗົ࡟㛵ࡍࡿὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢὴ㐵ࡀ

ྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ〇㐀ᴗࡢ௻ᴗࡣࠊ㞠⏝㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ࡜࡞ࡋ࡟ࠊṇつປാ⪅ࡼࡾ

ࡶᏳ࠸㈤㔠࡛ປാ⪅ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࠊᴗົࡢ⦾㛩ࡸᬒẼືྥ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㞠⏝ࢆㄪᩚ࡛ࡁࡿ

࡜࠸࠺࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓつไ⦆࿴࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜ〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

ὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࡀࠊ2004ᖺ࠿ࡽ

2008

ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᛴቑࡋࠊ2008ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗࡸ㟁 ჾ⏘ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᚑᴗဨࡢ

30%ࡀὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㠀ṇつປാ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༨ࡵࡽࢀ

ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ែ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2008

9

᭶ࡢᅜ㝿㔠⼥༴ᶵ࡟ࡼࡿࢃࡀᅜࡢ㍺ฟࡢ⃭ῶ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ୍㌿ࠊὴ㐵ປാ

⪅ࡢ㞠Ṇࡵ࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࠊ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢಖㆤࡢ࡞࠸࠿ࢀࡽࡀ❓≧࡟㝗ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆษ ࡗ᥃ࡅ࡟ࠊࡑࢀ௨ᚋ࡟ࡣࠊୡㄽ࡟ࡼࡿゎ㞠つไࡢつไ⦆࿴࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢈุࡀᙉࡲࡾࠊᑠἨ㤳

┦ࡢୗ࡛ࡢつไ⦆࿴㊰⥺ࢆྰᐃࡍࡿ₻ὶࡀᙉࡲࡗࡓࠋ2009ᖺ࡟ᡂ❧ࡋࡓẸ୺ඪࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍ

ࡿ㐃❧ᨻᶒࡣࠊ㒑ᨻẸႠ໬ࡢぢ┤ࡋࢆึࡵࠊᑠἨᨻᶒࡢ㐍ࡵࡓつไ⦆࿴ࢆぢ┤ࡍ࡟࠸ࡓࡗ ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊẸ୺ඪ࣭♫఍Ẹ୺ඪ࣭ᅜẸ᪂ඪࡢ୕ඪࡣ

2010

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖᅜ఍࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞

ປാ⪅ὴ㐵ἲࡢᨵṇ᱌ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡘࡂ࡟ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆぢࡼ࠺ࠋ

ᨵṇ᱌ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡣࠊ஦ᴗつไࡢᙉ໬(Ⓩ㘓ᆺὴ㐵ࡢཎ๎⚗Ṇࠊ〇㐀ᴗົὴ㐵ࡢཎ๎⚗Ṇࠊ

᪥㞠ὴ㐵ࡢཎ๎⚗Ṇࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ௻ᴗෆὴ㐵ࡢ

8

๭つไ➼㸧ࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ↓ᮇ㞠⏝໬ࡸᚅ㐝 ࡢᨵၿ㸦ὴ㐵ඖ஦ᴗ୺࡟᭷ᮇ㞠⏝ࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ↓ᮇ㞠⏝࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ດຊࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࠊὴ 㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㈤㔠Ỵᐃ࡟㝿ࡋὴ㐵ඛປാ⪅࡜ࡢᆒ⾮ࢆ㓄៖ࡍࡿࠊ࣐࣮ࢪࣥ⋡ࡢ᝟ሗබ㛤ࠊ㞠

࠸ධࢀࡢ㝿࡟ὴ㐵ປാ⪅࡟ὴ㐵ᩱ㔠㢠ࢆ᫂♧㸧ࠊ㐪ἲὴ㐵࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㎿㏿࣭ⓗ☜࡞ᑐฎ㸦ὴ㐵

(15)

第3章「グローバル化時代における日・独労働市場」

ඛࡀ㐪ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣὴ㐵ඛࡀປാዎ⣙

ࢆ⏦ࡋ㎸ࢇࡔ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍ㸧ࠊἲᚊࡢྡ⛠㸦ྡ⛠࡟ࠕὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢಖㆤࠖࢆ᫂グࡋࠊ┠ⓗつᐃ࡟

ࠕὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢಖㆤ࣭㞠⏝ࡢᏳᐃࠖࢆ᫂グ㸧࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿ

9

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚ㑄ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ࡜ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡣࠊ

1985

ᖺ࡟ไᐃࡉࢀࠊ

1990

ᖺ௦

࠿ࡽ

2004

ᖺࡲ࡛ࡣࠊつไ⦆࿴ࡀ⥆ࡁࠊᙜึࡢ

26

ࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᴗົ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡳὴ㐵ࢆ

ࡳ࡜ࡵࡿࠊ࣏ࢪࢸ࢖ࣈࣜࢫࢺ࠿ࡽࠊ1999ᖺ࡟ࡣᘓ⠏ᴗࠊ་⒪ࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡞࡝ࢆ㝖ࡃࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ ᴗົ㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢖ࣈࣜࢫࢺ㸧ࡀࠊὴ㐵ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ2004 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ ࠕ≀ࡢ〇㐀ࡢᴗົࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ౑⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ2008ᖺࡢᅜ㝿

༴ᶵ௨᮶ࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢ㞠Ṇࡵ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ♫఍ၥ㢟ࡢⓎ⏕࡟ࡼࡾࠊ2009ᖺࡢᨵṇἲ᱌ࡀฟ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㑅ᣲࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡇࡢἲ᱌ࡣᗫ᱌࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢἲ᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ ከࡃࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄽⅬࡣࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὴ㐵ࡢ᫝㠀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉

࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ඲㠃⚗Ṇࢆồࡵࠊ〇㐀ᴗࡢ㞠⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣṇつ㞠⏝࡟㝈ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ❧ሙࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢ୙༑ศ࡞ὴ㐵ປാ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢ༑ศ࡞ṇつ㞠⏝⪅ࡢ㞠⏝ࢆồࡵࡿ࡭

ࡁࡔ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉࡛ࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢഃ࠿ࡽࡣࠊὴ㐵ඖ௻ᴗࡣࣅࢪࢿࢫ࣭ࢳࣕࣥࢫࡢ ቑ኱࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊὴ㐵ඛ௻ᴗࡣ㞠⏝㈐௵ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊᏳ࠸ே௳㈝࡛౑⏝࡛ࡁࠊ㞠⏝ࡢㄪ

ᩚࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ౽฼ࡔ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࠿ࡽࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡛ࡢὴ㐵ࡢཷධࢀࡢ⚗Ṇ࡟ࡣ཯ᑐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ

࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ〇㐀ᴗὴ㐵࡟㝈ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡢᨵṇࡣࠊᑐ❧ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸

10

࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆࢻ࢖ࢶࡢປാᕷሙࡢ≧ἣࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࠿ࡽ

ぢࡿ࡜ࠊ࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࢻ࢖ࢶປാᕷሙ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ௨ୖ࡟ኻᴗ⋡ࡀ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㧗

࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊኻᴗ⋡ᘬࡁୗࡆࡢࡓࡵࡢ✚ᴟⓗປാᨻ⟇ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨๓ࡢ㐃㑥㞠⏝ᗇࡣࠊ 㐃㑥㞠⏝ᶵᵓ㸦ࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧࡜ྡ⛠ኚ᭦ࡋࠊὴ㐵఍♫࡜ᥦᦠࡋࠊኻᴗ⪅ࡢ෌ᑵ⫋࡟

ດຊࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊὴ㐵఍♫ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࠊኻᴗ⪅ࢆὴ㐵ປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚

෌ᑵ⫋ࡉࡏࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ṇつປാ⪅࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࢆᅗࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡣࠊ ṇつປാ⪅࡬ࡢᯫᶫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⫯ᐃⓗ࡟఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡤࠊṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ 㞠⏝ࡢࡓࡵࡢヨ⏝ᮇ㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡀࠊṇつປാ⪅

࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊປാ᮲௳ࡸ♫఍ಖ㞀ࡢ᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ຎᝏ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊປാ⪅ഃࡣ㠀ṇつ㞠⏝ࢆ

㑊ࡅṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㞠⏝ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊ௻ᴗഃࡣ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࢆ⦾㛩ࡢ≧ἣࡸᬒẼ≧ἣ࡟

ᛂࡌ࡚㞠⏝ࡢㄪᩚᘚ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᑐ❧࣭▩┪ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊὴ㐵 ປാ⪅࡞࡝ࡢ㠀ṇつປാ⪅ࡢṇつປാ⪅࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᨻ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ〇㐀ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㐨࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊṇつປാ⪅࡬ࡢ㌿

᥮ࡢ᮲௳ࢆᩚ࠼ࠊ㌿᥮ࢆಁ㐍ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡣࠊ▷ᮇປാ㸦Kurzarbeit㸧࠸࠺ไᗘࡀ࠶ࡿࠋṇつປാ⪅ࡀゎ㞠ࡉࢀࡑ

࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ㸯㐌㛫ࡢປാ᫬㛫࠺ࡕࠊᩘ᪥ࡔࡅാࡁࠊ⤥୚ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࠋṧࡾࡢ㐌᪥ࡢ

⤥୚ࡣࠊᆅ᪉⮬἞యࡀᨭᡶ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊປാ⪅ࡣṇつປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤥୚ࢆཷ

ࠕປാ⪅ὴ㐵ἲᨵṇࡢᴫせࠖZZZKLVDPDWVXVUFRPࠊཧ↷ࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕປാ⪅ὴ㐵஦ᴗࡢ㐺 ṇ࡞㐠Ⴀࡢ☜ಖཬࡧὴ㐵ປാ⪅ࡢᑵᴗ᮲௳ࡢᩚഛ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿἲᚊ᱌せ⥘ࠖࢆぢࡼࠋ

㸦ᒸᮧࠊ㸧ࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢὴ㐵ປാ⪅ἲࡢኚ㑄ࢆᴫほࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᨵṇࡢㄽⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

参照

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