᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆᣂᜰᮡߣࠕࡌࡁࡒࠢࠬߩഞ⟋ The New Indicators That Emphasize the Quality of Life and the Pluses and Minuses of Abenomics

(1)

- 79 -

᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆᣂᜰᮡߣࠕࡌࡁࡒࠢࠬߩഞ⟋

The New Indicators That Emphasize the Quality of Life and the Pluses and Minuses of Abenomics

⑔ፉᷡᒾ Kiyohiko FUKUSHIMA¹ Recently, non-GDP economic indicators such as the Inclusive Wealth Indicators by the UN and How's Life index by the OECD have been newly developed by international organizations and they gathered much attention in the US and EU. Flurry of those new indicators was triggered by the Stiglitz report commissioned by the former president Sarkozy of France. The report made a breakthrough in economic thoughts. Analyzed through the lenses of those recent indicators, the merits and demerits of Abenomics will be critically taken into consideration. Abe's "bold monetary policy" implemented by Governor Kuroda of the BOJ has been a huge success. It may be concluded that while the "resilient fiscal policy" is producing mixed results, the "growth strategy that will induce private sector investment" is likely to fail since the concept of growth strategy is unfit for Japan in the 21st century.

Keywords: beyond GDP, well-being, social progress, the 4 capital model of the UN, How's Life index by the OECD, growth strategy, Abenomics

ᐨ⺰ 2009 ᐕߩࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔એ㒠ޔGDP ᚑ㐳₸ߢߪߥߊޔ⑔೑ෘ↢ᐲߣᜬ⛯น⢻ᐲࠍ

㊀ⷞߔࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ߇ᐢ߇ࠅޔᣂᜰᮡߣᣂᚢ⇛߇㐿⊒ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕᣂᕁᗐߢࠕࡌࡁࡒࠢࠬࠍ⷗ࠆ ߣߘߩᗧ⟵ߣ㒢⇇߇᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

1㧚ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔ߩⴣ᠄ߣ࿖ㅪᣂ⛔⸘ߩ⺀↢

1.1⚻ᷣቇߩᣂ࿾ᐔࠍಾࠅ㐿޿ߚࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔

ޟGDP࿖ౝ✚↢↥ߩᢙሼߪߤ߁߽↢ᵴታᗵߦวࠊߥ޿ޕߤߎ߇߅߆ߒ޿ߩ߆ޔኾ㐷ኅ߇⠨߃ ߡ᰼ߒ޿ޠࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩࠨ࡞ࠦࠫᄢ⛔㗔㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߪ2008ᐕೋ߼ߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥ᳇ᜬߜࠍᙬ޿ߚޕࠨ

࡞ࠦࠫᄢ⛔㗔ߩ⻁໧ߦ╵߃ޔ☨࿖ࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇߩ࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ㨯ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ᢎ᝼ࠄ24ੱ߆ࠄ ߥࠆᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߪޔ1ᐕඨ߆ߌߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ਄ߢޔ2009ᐕ9᦬ޔGDPࠍ⿥߃ࠆᣂ⚻ᷣᜰᮡߩ޽ࠅ ᣇߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߚޕ

1

ᄙ៺ᄢቇ⚻༡ᖱႎቇㇱ

School of Management and Information Sciences, Tama University

− 79 −

（原稿受理日 2013. 10. 30）

(2)

ႎ๔ᦠߩ㗴ߪޔ"Mismeasuring Our Lives: Why GDP Doesn't Add Up"ߢޔ⸶ߔࠇ߫ޟ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰

ࠍ᷹ࠅ㑆㆑߃ߡ޿ࠆ̖̖ߥߗGDPߩᢙሼߪ߅߆ߒ޿ߩ߆ޠߋࠄ޿ߩᗧ๧ߦߥࠆޕ

ႎ๔ᦠߪԘฎౖ⊛GDPߩ໧㗴ޔԙ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ޔԚᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ⊒ዷߣⅣႺ̖̖ߩ3┨߆ࠄߥ ࠆޕ3 ┨ߦಽ߆ࠇߚႎ๔ᦠߩᧄᢥߪޔᚑ㐳₸ፏ᜙ᤨઍߩ⚳ੌߣੱ㑆ߩᐘ⑔ᐲ㊀ⷞᤨઍߩ᐀㐿ߌ ࠍ⍮ࠄߖࠆ⦟޿㆏ߒࠆߴߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㇌⸶ߪ⑔ፉᷡᒾ⸶ޡ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ᷹ࠆޢ2012ᐕ ␠

࿅ᴺੱ㊄Ⲣ⽷᡽੐ᖱ⎇ⓥળ

࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻޔࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞┹੎ޔᩰᏅ᜛ᄢޔᣣ᰷ߢߩੱญᷫዋ߇ㅴ߻21਎♿ߦ߅޿ߡޔࠊࠇࠊ ࠇߪ⚻ᷣߣ␠ળߦߟ޿ߡߩ⠨߃ᣇࠍᩮᧄ߆ࠄᄌ߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕޟ⚻ᷣⷙᮨߐ߃ᄢ߈ߊߒߡࠁ ߌ߫ޔᄙߊߩ⚻ᷣ໧㗴ߪ⸃᳿ߦะ߆߁ߛࠈ߁ޠߣ޿߁ᚑ㐳⥋਄ਥ⟵ߩ⷗ᣇߪ߽߁ฎ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ᣂߒ޿⷗ᣇߦ┙ߟߣޔ⚻ᷣߩޟᚑ㐳₸ޠߢߪߥߊޔ⚻ᷣో૕ߩ᭴ㅧᄌൻࠍޟ⚻ᷣᬺ❣ޠeconomic

performanceߣߒߡߺߡࠁߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠆޕ

␠ળో૕ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᩰᏅ߇ዋߥߊޔੱޘߩ⍮⊛᳓Ḱߣஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߇㜞޿⁁ᘒߦะ߆ߞߡㅴࠎߢ ࠁߊߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ޕੱ㑆ห჻ߩା㗬㑐ଥ߇㜞޿⁁ᘒ㧔␠ળ㑐ଥ⾗ᧄޔ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞㨯ࠠࡖࡇ࠲࡞

ߩ᳓Ḱ߇㜞޿⁁ᘒ㧕ߦะ߆ߞߡޔੱ㑆␠ળߪዋߒߕߟㅴᱠߒߡࠁߊㆊ⒟ߦ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆޕߘߩ ࠃ߁ߥ⷗ᣇߦ┙ߟߣޔ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳₸ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߚ߼ߩᚑ㐳ᚢ⇛ࠍ޽ࠇߎࠇ⠨߃ࠆߎߣߢߪߥߊޔ⚻

ᷣᡷ㕟ࠍߒߥ߇ࠄޔޟ␠ળㅴᱠޠߦะ߆ߞߡㅴ߻ฦ࿖ߩᱠߺࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆߎߣ߇⚻ᷣಽᨆߩਥߥ

઀੐ߦߥࠆޕ

ߎ߁ߒߚⷞὐ߆ࠄޔࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇߩࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ᢎ᝼߇₸޿ߚ24ੱߩኾ㐷ኅߚߜߪޔ⥄

ࠄߩᆔຬળࠍޟ⚻ᷣᬺ❣ߣ␠ળㅴᱠߩ⸘᷹ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળޠߣฬߠߌߚޕ

ႎ๔ᦠߩਛߢᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥߩߪੑ┨ߩޟ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ޠߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆߣ൘๔ߢޔᰴߩ⴫1ߦ␜ߒ ߚ5൘๔ࠍ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

⴫1 㧔Tab. 1㧕 ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ᆔຬળ ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ5൘๔

൘๔1 ਥⷰ⊛ߥᐘ⑔ᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ߦ㑐ߒߡࠞࠡߣߥࠆᖱႎ߇ᓧ ࠄࠇࠆޕฦ࿖᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ዪߪޔੱޘߩੱ↢ߦ߅ߌࠆ㆐ᚑᗵޔᔟᭉ⊛ߥ⚻㛎෸߮ఝవ⺖

㗴ߦߟ޿ߡޔੱޘ߇ߤ߁⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⾰໧ࠍޔ⛔⸘⺞ᩏߩਛߦ౉ࠇࠆߴ ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ

൘๔2 ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ߪޔੱޘ߇߅߆ࠇߚቴⷰ⊛ߥ⻉᧦ઙߣᯏળߦࠃߞߡ᳿߹ߞߡߊࠆޕੱޘ ߩஜᐽޔᢎ⢒ޔ୘ੱ⊛ߥᵴേޔ᡽ᴦ⊛⊒⸒ޔ␠ળ⊛ߥ⻉㑐ଥޔขࠅᏎߊ⥄ὼⅣႺߣ

቟ోᕈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⸘᷹ࠍᡷༀߔࠆᚻ┙ߡࠍ⻠ߓࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ

൘๔3 ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡߪޔߘࠇ߇⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ޽ࠄࠁࠆಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆਇᐔ

╬ߦߟ޿ߡޔ൮᜝⊛ߥ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ

൘๔4 ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏߪޔߘߩੱߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥ⻉஥㕙ߩ㑆ߩ㑐 ㅪᕈࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ⸳⸘ߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ⺞ᩏߢᓧࠄࠇߚᖱႎߪޔᄙ᭽ߥಽ

㊁ߢߩ᡽╷⸳⸘ߦᓎ┙ߡࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ

൘๔5 ฦ࿖᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ዪߪޔ⇣ߥࠆ‛Ꮕߒࠍ↪޿ࠆ⻉ᜰᢙࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ᥵ࠄߒ ߩ⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ޿ߊߟ߆ᰴరࠍ⛔วߔࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ

಴ౖ www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr

(3)

- 81 -

5൘๔ߩਛߢᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥߩߪ൘๔2ߢޔ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ߪᚲᓧ᳓ḰߛߌߢߪߥߊޔԘஜᐽޔԙᢎ

⢒ޔԚ઀੐ࠍ㔌ࠇߚ୘ੱ⊛ߥᵴേ߳ߩ㑐ࠊࠅᣇޔԛ⥄↱ߦ᡽ᴦߦ㑐ਈߢ߈ࠆ⒟ᐲޔԜઁߩੱޘ

߿⚵❱ߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅߩᷓߐޔԝ⥄ὼⅣႺ෸߮Ԟりߩ቟ోᐲ̖̖ߦࠃߞߡ᳿߹ࠆߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߇޽

ࠆޕߎߩᜰ៰ߪޔߎߩ޽ߣㅀߴࠆEUߩ⚻ᷣᚢ⇛ណᛯ߿OECDߢߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ᜰᢙ㐿⊒ߦᄢ߈ ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔ߩਛߢ߽߁৻ߟ㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪޔᐘ⑔ᐲࠍ㜞߼ࠆߦߪᢎ⢒᳓Ḱࠍ㜞߼

ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߛߣ޿߁ᜰ៰ߢ޽ࠆޕᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡหႎ๔ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕ

ޟ⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥߪޔᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡޔ⚻ᷣ↢↥ࠍᡰ߃ࠆᛛ⢻ߣ⢻ജࠍឭଏߔࠆߣ޿߁ᓎഀ߇㊀ⷐߛ ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ߈ߚޕߘ߁޿߁㐳޿વ⛔ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒᢎ⢒ߪޔߘࠇ߇ੱޘߩ෼

౉߿↢↥ᕈߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔߣ޿߁ߎߣߣߪ೎ߦޔੱߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ᳿߼ߡߊࠆ߆ࠄ㊀ⷐߥߩߢ

޽ࠆޕᢎ⢒ߪߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ㜞޿෼౉߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣࠍ㒰޿ߡ߽ޔੱ߇ᛴߊੱ↢ߦ߅ߌࠆ㆐ᚑᗵ ߣ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆޕߐࠄߦޔࠃࠅࠃ޿ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚੱߪ߰ߟ߁ޔஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߽ࠃ޿ߒޔᄬᬺ₸ߪૐ ߊޔ␠ળߣߩ㑐ଥࠍࠃࠅᄙߊᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߒޔᏒ᳃ᵴേ߿᡽ᴦᵴേߦࠃࠅᷓߊ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆޕਛ

⇛ᢎ⢒ߪ㊄㌛⊛ߥ㕙ߣ㕖㊄㌛⊛ߥ㕙ߩਔᣇߢᢎ⢒ߦᛩ⾗ߒߚߘߩ߭ߣᧄੱߣޔߘߩੱ߇૑߻

␠ળߦޔ߈ࠊ߼ߡᐢ▸ߥ೑⋉ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔޕߎߩߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߪ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ㑆ߢวᗧ߇޽ࠆޕᢎ⢒

߇߽ߚࠄߔޔߎ߁ߒߚᐢ▸ߥ೑⋉ࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆߎߣߪޔ⎇ⓥ਄ߩ㊀ⷐߥఝవ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ⎇

ⓥࠍㅴ߼ࠆߦߪޔᄙߊߩಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆੱޘߩ․ᓽࠍ߁߹ߊ⸘᷹ߒޔ߹ߚหߓੱࠍ㐳ᦼ㑆ޔⷰኤ ߒߡࠁߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕޠ

(www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr)

ⷐߔࠆߦᢎ⢒ߪߘߩੱ߇๧ࠊ޿ᷓ޿ޔḩ⿷ᐲߩ㜞޿ੱ↢ࠍ↢߈ࠆ਄ߢᦨ߽ᄢಾߛޕߎߩߎߣ ࠍ⺑᣿ߒߚ਄⸥ߩᒁ↪ᢥߦߪ⺑ᓧജ߇޽ࠆޕ

1.2ႎ๔ࠍ↢߆ߒߚEU2020ᐕᚢ⇛

ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔߇EUߩᚢ⇛ណᛯߦ᳿ቯ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߪޔ2010ᐕ2

᦬ߩ⁛੽㚂⣖ળ⺣ߢ޽ࠆޕળ⺣ᓟߩ⁛੽౒หჿ᣿ߦߪߎ߁ᦠ޿ߡ޽ࠆޕ

ޟࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߣ࠼ࠗ࠷ߪEUߦޔࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ᆔຬળߩឭ᩺ߦၮߠ޿ߡ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆ

ౕ૕⊛ߥឭ᩺ࠍ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ࡮࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆޕޠ

www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,5216680,00.html෸߮'Merkel and Sarkozy to boost faltering partnership' Financial Times 2010-2-4

EU ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ᦭ജ࿖ߢ޽ࠆࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ߇ឭ᩺ߒޔ࠼ࠗ࠷߇ߘࠇߦ⾥หߒߚߩߢޔࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝

࠶࠷ႎ๔ߪEUߩ2020ᐕᚢ⇛ߦᄢ߈ߊ↢߆ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ

EU2020ᐕᚢ⇛ߪ㗡⣖ߦࠃࠆᚑ㐳smarter growthޔ⑔␩ߦࠃࠆᚑ㐳more inclusive growthޔᜬ⛯

น⢻ߥᚑ㐳greener growthߣ޿߁3ߟߩ⚻〝ߢ⚻ᷣࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕᚑ㐳growthߣ

޿߁⸒⪲ࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔEU߇2020ᐕ߹ߢߩ㐳ᦼ⚻ᷣᚢ⇛ߢ࿖ౝ✚↢↥GDPࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡ

޿ࠆߎߣߪ᣿⊕ߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߢ߽ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔ߩ⿰ᣦࠍ↢߆ߒޔGDPߣ޿߁⸒⪲ࠍ2020 ᐕᚢ⇛ߩᢥᦠ߆ࠄឃ㒰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ2000ᐕߦណᛯߒߚ2010ᐕߦะߌߡߩ㐳ᦼᚢ⇛㧔࡝ࠬࡏࡦᚢ

⇛㧕ߦߪᐕ₸3㧑ߣ޿߁ᚑ㐳₸⋡ᮡ߇޽ߞߚ㧔ታ❣ߪ2㧑ᚑ㐳㧕ߩߣᲧߴࠆߣޔߘߎߦᄌൻ߇⷗

− 81 −

(4)

ࠄࠇࠆޕ

ᚑ㐳₸ߩᢙ୯⋡ᮡߢߪߥߊޔ㗡⣖ޔⅣႺޔ⑔␩ߩฦಽ㊁ߢޔ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߦᓎ┙ߟౕ૕⊛ߥᢙ୯

⋡ᮡࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆޕ⴫2ߦߘࠇࠍ␜ߒߚޕ

⴫2 (Tab. 2) EU2020ᐕᚢ⇛ߩ5ᄢᢙ୯⋡ᮡ

1㧚㓹↪ 20̆64ᱦߩዞᬺ₸ࠍ⃻࿷ߩ69㧑߆ࠄ75%ߦᒁ߈਄ߍ 2㧚⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᡰ಴㗵ࠍGDPᲧ3㧑ߦ

3㧚᳇୥ᄌേ 2020ᐕߩ᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬឃ಴㊂ࠍ1990ᐕᲧ20%೥ᷫ

4㧚ᢎ⢒ ᣧᦼ㜞ᩞਛㅌ₸ࠍ15㧑߆ࠄ10㧑ߦᒁ߈ਅߍޕᄢත₸ࠍ޿߹ߩ31㧑߆ࠄ40㧑 ߦᒁ߈਄ߍ

5㧚⽺࿎ ⽺࿎ጀࠍ⃻࿷ߩ8ජਁੱ߆ࠄ6ජਁੱ߳ᒁ߈ਅߍ

㧔಴ౖhttp://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/president/news/document/pdf/20100303_1_en.pdf㧕

ߎߩ5㗄⋡ߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔߇㊀ⷐߛߣᜰ៰ߒߚ㗄⋡ߣᷓߊ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆޕᢎ

⢒ߩ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯߪࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔߇ᢎ⢒߇㊀ⷐߛߣᒝ⺞ߒߚߎߣߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆߒޔ⽺࿎⠪

ᢙ೥ᷫߪ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߚ߼ߦᩰᏅᤚᱜࠍ⸷߃ߚหႎ๔ߦᴪ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

1.3 ☨࿖ߢߩᣂᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߣᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣႎ๔

☨࿖ߪਥⷐో࿖ᜰᮡKey National Indicatorsࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳿߼ޔหᜰᮡ㐿⊒ᴺࠍ2010ᐕ3

᦬ߦ೙ቯߒߚޕหᜰᮡߪޔ2007ᐕએ᧪ޔ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ᷹ࠆᣂᜰᮡࠍ૞ߞߡGDPࠍ⵬ቢߒࠃ߁ ߣߒߡ߈ߚ㐳ᐕߩᏒ᳃ㆇേߩᚑᨐߢ޽ࠆޕ2007ᐕߦߪޔ዁᧪ޔᣂᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߦ޽ߚࠆߎߣࠍ੍ᦼ ߒߚ᳃㑆⚵❱ޟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ⃻⁁ޠState of the USAޔSUSA߇૞ࠄࠇߚޕ2008ᐕߦߪᣂᜰᮡߩ߁ ߜஜᐽߦ㑐ߔࠆ20ᜰᮡߩ᩺ࠍ☨࿖ක≮⎇ⓥᚲ߇૞ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩ৻ੱߢޔޟ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ޠㇱળ㐳ߛߞߚࠕ࡜ࡦ㨯ࠢ࡞࡯ࠟ࡯

㧔ࡊ࡝ࡦࠬ࠻ࡦᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕ߪޔ2011ᐕ11᦬ࠝࡃࡑᄢ⛔㗔߆ࠄᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣ⻁໧ᆔຬ㐳ߦછ๮ߐ ࠇߚޕᆔຬ㐳ߩೋ઀੐ߣߒߡࠢ࡞࡯ࠟ࡯ߪ2012ᐕ2᦬ޔޟᄢ⛔㗔⚻ᷣႎ๔ޠࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚޕႎ๔ ᦠߩ╙8┨ߪޟ೑ญߥ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆⷙ೙ߣ᡽ᐭᛩ⾗ߢ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆޠߣ޿߁㗴ߢޔ⚂

30ࡍ࡯ࠫޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆޕࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔ߩ⿰ᣦࠍ↢߆ߒߚ᡽╷ࠍ☨࿖

ߢ߽ណ↪ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᗧะࠍߎߎߦ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆޕ

2012ᐕޔࡎࡢࠗ࠻㨯ࡂ࠙ࠬߩ▤ℂ੍▚ዪOMBߪ੍▚ಽᨆઃዻᢥᦠߩਛߦޟ␠ળ⊛ߥ⻉ᜰᮡޠ ߣ޿߁㗴ߩႎ๔ࠍ౉ࠇߚޕ

www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/performance/chapter10-2012.pdf

ߘߎߢߪᚲᓧᩰᏅޔ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒⾌ޔᄢ᳇ޔ᳓⾰ޔஜᐽޔᢎ⢒᳓Ḱޔ૑ቛޔ‽⟋ޔኅᐸ⁁ᴫޔࡏ

࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᵴേߥߤߩ⻉⛔⸘㧔⃻⁁ߣᱧผ㧕߇޽ࠅޔߎࠇࠄߩ⻉ᜰᮡࠍᡷༀߒߡࠁߊߎߣ߇☨

࿖ߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔ߩᓇ㗀ߢޔ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳₸ߢߛߌߪߥߊޔ␠ળ⊛ߥ⻉ᜰᮡࠍᡷༀߒޔࠕࡔ࡝

ࠞੱߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ㜞߼ߡⴕߎ߁ߣߔࠆࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߩ᡽╷߇ߎߎߦ߽⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

(5)

- 83 -

࿾⃿ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⻉ㆊ⒟ޔ

ⅣႺࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߘߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ

ੱ㑆ߩ⑔೑ෘ↢

=୘ੱߣ౒ห૕?

࿑1㧔Fig.1㧕

↢↥⊛ၮ⋚ߣੱ㑆ߩ⑔೑ෘ↢ߩ㑐ଥ ࿖ㅪႎ๔ߩ૞ᚑ⠪ߚߜ߇⠨߃ߚਔ⠪ߩߟߥ߇ࠅ ಴ౖ www.jhdp.unu.edu/article/iwr inclusive Wealth Report 2012 p15

1.4 ࿖ㅪߩ4⾗ᧄࡕ࠺࡞㐿⊒ߣᣣᧄ߳ߩ㜞޿⹏ଔ

2009ᐕߦ಴ߚࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔ߩⴣ᠄ߪߘߩᓟ߽⛯޿ߚޕ2011ᐕ4᦬ߦߪ࿖ㅪ✚ળߢޟ࿖

ㅪߪ GDP ࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆᣂ⛔⸘ࠍ㐿⊒ߔߴ߈ߛޠߣ޿߁᳿⼏߇ḩ႐৻⥌ߢណᛯߐࠇߚޕߎࠇࠍฃ ߌߡࠤࡦࡉ࡝࠶ࠫᄢቇߩࡄ࠲࡜㨯࠳ࠬࠣࡊ࠲ᢎ᝼ࠍਥᩏߣߔࠆ࠴࡯ࡓ߇ᣂ⛔⸘㐿⊒ߦ⌕ᚻޔ2012 ᐕ6᦬ߦᣂ⛔⸘ޟ✚ว⊛ߥን⵨ᐲႎ๔ᦠޠࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚޕ

ߎߩᣂ⛔⸘ߪޔ࿑1ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ⚻ᷣᵴേࠍᡰ߃ࠆߩߪᄤὼ⾗ᧄޔੱ⊛⾗ᧄޔ␠ળ㑐ଥ⾗ᧄޔ

↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄߩ4ߟߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆޕ4⾗ᧄࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ⻉ᵴേ߇ⴕࠊࠇޔฦ࿖᳃ߩ⑔೑

ෘ↢ᐲ߇㜞߹ߞߡⴕߊޕ4⾗ᧄߩᱷ㜞߇ᄢ߈޿࿖߶ߤ⑔೑ෘ↢ᐲwellbeingߩ᳓Ḱ߇㜞ߊޔ⚻ᷣ

⊒ዷߩᜬ⛯ജ߽㜞޿ޕ2012ᐕߩ࿖ㅪႎ๔ߢ⛔⸘ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚኻ⽎ߪ20࿖ߢޔ20ࠞ࿖ߩ߁ߜޔ1

ੱᒰߚࠅ⾗↥ᱷ㜞㧔⾗ᧄᱷ㜞ߣ⸒ߞߡ߽ࠃ޿㧕߇㜞޿਄૏10࿖ߩᢙሼࠍ⴫3ߦ⷗ߚޕ

⚻ᷣ⊛↢↥ㆊ⒟

ㅴൻߔࠆᢥൻ㘃ဳ

໡ຠߣࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ ߣ᡽╷

ᄤὼ⾗ᧄ

ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ ᑄ ᫈ ‛

␠ળ⊛⾗ᧄ

↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄ

ᓇߩଔᩰߦࠃߞߡ

᳿߹ߞߚ

⾗ᧄߩ⻉ᒻᘒ ߩ㑆ߢߩ 㒢ࠄࠇߚઍᦧᕈ

ᶖ ⾌

=Ⓧᭂ⊛෸߮ᶖᭂ⊛?

ᛩ ⾗

− 83 −

(6)

⴫3(Tab.3) ৻ੱᒰߚࠅߩ✚ว⊛ߥ⼾߆ߐ ਄૏10ࠞ࿖

2008ᐕᢙ୯ 2000ᐕ☨࠼࡞ଔᩰ⴫␜

ਅᲑߪAߦኻߔࠆᲧ₸㧑 ౝߪ⼾߆ߐߩ㗅૏

✚ว⊛⼾߆ߐ

A

A=B+C+D

↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄ

B

B/A %

ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ

C

C/A

ᄤὼ⾗Ḯ

D

D/A

ஜᐽ⾗ᧄ

E

ߩ㗅૏

ᣣᧄ

1

435,466

ᣣᧄ

=100

ߣߒߚᜰᢙ

118,193 27 %

312,394 72%

4,879 1%

6,557,727

2

☨࿖

2

386,351

ᜰᢙ

89

73,243

19%

291,397

75%

21,711

6%

6,346,200

3

ࠞ࠽࠳

3

331,919

ᜰᢙ

76

56,520

17%

171,960

52%

103,439

31%

5,047,126

5

ࡁ࡞࠙ࠚ࡯

4

327,621

ᜰᢙ

75

90,274

28%

201,361

61%

35,986

11%

6,793,765

1

⽕Ꮊ

5

283,810

ᜰᢙ

65

66,970

24%

132,376

47%

84,463

30%

4,930,699

7

࠼ࠗ࠷

6

236,115

ᜰᢙ

54

59,513

25%

161,914

69%

14,688

6%

4,989,385

6

⧷࿖

7

219,089

ᜰᢙ

50

24,386

11%

192,953

88%

1,751

1%

5,478,969

4

ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ

8

208,623

ᜰᢙ

48

51,774

25%

154,190

74%

2,658

1%

4,873,159

8

㩅㨽㩆㩨㩆㨻㩡㩕㩨㨻

9

189,043

ᜰᢙ

43

19,468

10%

66,370

35%

103,204

55%

2,703,146

9

ࡧࠚࡀ࠭ࠛ࡜

10

110,264

ᜰᢙ

25

14,121

13%

55,851

51%

40,292

37%

2,046,362

11

಴ౖUnited Nations Environment Programme and United Nations University IHDP Inclusive Wealth Report 2012 www.idhp.unu.edu/article/iwr

਎⇇৻૏ߩ✚ว⊛ߥ⼾߆ߐ

ߘࠇߦࠃࠆߣޔᣣᧄੱ߇⫾߃ߚ⾗↥ߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞੱࠃࠅ1ੱᒰߚࠅߢ491ਁ౞߽ᄙ޿ޕ⫾߃ ߚ⾗↥㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ⼾߆ߐ㧕ߢ⷗ࠆ㒢ࠅᣣᧄߪ਎⇇ߢᦨ߽⼾߆ߥ࿖ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ᣣᧄੱ߇ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ⫾Ⓧߒߚንߪޔ1ੱᒰߚࠅ43ਁ5466न㧔1न㧩100౞࡟࡯࠻ߢ4354ਁ

౞㧕ߢޔ2૏ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ38ਁ6351न㧔ห3863ਁ౞㧕ࠃࠅ⚂491ਁ౞߽ᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚޕ ߤ߁ߒߡ਎⇇1૏ߥߩ߆ޔዋߒ⹦ߒߊ⷗ߡࠁߎ߁ޕߎߎߢ⸘▚ߒߡ޿ࠆ⾗↥ߪޔ㗍㊄߿ᩣᑼ ߥߤߩ㊄Ⲣ⾗↥ߢߪߥ޿ޕ⚻ᷣࠍ዁᧪ߦࠊߚߞߡᜬ⛯⊛ߦ⊒ዷߐߖߡࠁߊߩߦᔅⷐߥԘ࿖᳃ߩ

⢻ജ㧔ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ㧕ޔԙડᬺߩ⾗ᧄ⸳஻ޔԚ㆏〝᷼ḧⓨ᷼ߥߤ᡽ᐭ߇ᛩ⾗ߒߡ૞ߞߚ‛ℂ⊛ߥ⾗

↥㧔Ԛߣԛߩว⸘߇↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄ㧕ޔԛ⍹ᴤޔ㋶⍹ޔㄘ࿾ޔ᫪ᨋߥߤߩ࿾਄෸߮࿾ਅߦ޽ࠆ⾗

Ḯ㧔ᄤὼ⾗ᧄ㧕̖̖ߩว⸘ߢ޽ࠆޕߎ߁ߒߡ⸘▚ߒߚޔ੹ᓟߩ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߦᔅⷐߥ⾗ᧄ߇࿖᳃৻

ੱ޽ߚࠅߢ⷗ߡ਎⇇ߢᦨ߽ᄢ߈޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߪޔᣣᧄ߇ᦨ߽⊒ዷᜬ⛯ജߩ޽ࠆ⼾߆ߥ࿖ߛߣ޿

߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⾗↥ࠍ࿖ㅪߩႎ๔ᦠߪޟ✚ว⊛ߥ⼾߆ߐޠinclusive wealthߣ๭ࠎߢ

޿ࠆޕ

࿖ߩ⚻ᷣⷙᮨ߇Ფᐕ૗㧑ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߚ߆ߛߌߦ⋡ࠍᅓࠊࠇࠆᚑ㐳ାઔߦขࠅᙀ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ ߢޔ⚻ᷣⷙᮨ᜛ᄢߩㅦᐲ߇㜞ᐲᚑ㐳ᤨઍࠃࠅૐਅߒߚߎߣࠍએߡޟᄬࠊࠇߚ10ᐕߛޠޟᄬࠊࠇ

(7)

- 85 -

ߚ20ᐕߛޠߥߤߣ⸒߁㑆㆑ߞߚᖤⷰ⺰ߦ㒱ߞߡ޿ࠆੱޘ߇ᣣᧄߦߪᄙ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔⷙᮨ᜛ᄢߛ ߌ߇⚻ᷣᵴേߩޔ໑৻ޔᦨ㜞ߩ⋡ᮡߛߣ⠨߃ࠆᣥ޿ᚑ㐳⥋਄ਥ⟵߆ࠄ㔌ࠇޔᣂߒ޿ၮḰߢ৻࿖

ߩ⚻ᷣࠍ⷗ߡࠁߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ

࿖ㅪߩᆔ⸤ࠍฃߌߚ࠳ࠬࠣࡊ࠲㨯࠴࡯ࡓߪ2008ᐕᤨὐߢߩ࿖㓙Ყセࠍߔࠆߛߌߢߪߥߊޔฦ

࿖ߦߟ޿ߡ1990ᐕ߆ࠄ2008ᐕ߹ߢߩ18ᐕ㑆ߦޔ✚ว⊛ߥ⼾߆ߐ߇ߤࠇߛߌᄌൻߒߚ߆߽⸘▚

ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߘࠇߦࠃࠆߣޔᣣᧄో૕ߩ⾗ᧄᱷ㜞㧔⼾߆ߐ㧕ߪ18ᐕ㑆ߢ9ళ8662ంन㧔22%㧕Ⴧടߒߚޕ

⾗ᧄߩౝ⸶ࠍ⷗ࠆߣޔ↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄߪ1990ᐕߩ10ళ4800ంन߇2008ᐕߦߪ14ళ4800ంन

߳ޔ⚂4ళ5000ంन㧔43㧑㧕߽Ⴧടߒߚޕ↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄߪޔ࠳ࠬࠣࡊ࠲࡮࠴࡯ࡓ߇ᢙሼࠍ಴ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ3⾗ᧄ㧔ੱ⊛⾗ᧄޔ↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄޔᄤὼ⾗ᧄ㧕ߩਛߢߪᦨ߽િ߮₸߇㜞޿ޕ18ᐕ㑆ߦ↢

ߓߚᣣᧄߩ⼾߆ߐჇᄢߩඨಽએ਄ߪޔߎߩ㑆ߦ↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄߩჇടߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎߩ⚿ᨐޔᣣᧄߩ⾗ᧄᱷ㜞㧔⼾߆ߐ㧕ߦභ߼ࠆ↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄߩᲧ₸ߪ23㧑߆ࠄ27㧑ߦჇടޕ

৻ᣇޔੱߩ⢻ജࠍ␜ߔੱ⊛⾗ᧄߪޔᢎ⢒ߩ㜞ᐲൻߢ⛘ኻ㗵ߪ߆ߥࠅિ߮ߚ߇ޔో૕ߦභ߼ࠆᲧ

₸ߪ76㧑߆ࠄ72%ߦૐਅߒߚޕߘࠇߪԘߎߩ18ᐕ㑆ߦ߽ડᬺߩ⸳஻ᛩ⾗ߪ㜞᳓Ḱࠍ଻ߞߡ޿

ߚޔԙޟਇᴫ⣕಴ޠࠍឝߍߚ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ౏౒੐ᬺᡰ಴߇ޟ↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄޠߩᱷ㜞ࠍ᛼ߒ਄ߍߚ

̖̖ߣ޿߁ⷐ࿃ߦࠃࠆޕ

ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߪหߓᦼ㑆ߦ⚂34ళन߇39ళन߳ޔ⚂5ళन16%ჇടߒߚޕߎߩᤨᦼߩੱญჇ ടߣቇᱧะ਄߇ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩᱷ㜞Ⴧടߦነਈߒߡ޿ࠆޕᣣᧄߪ߽ߣ߽ߣᄤὼ⾗ᧄߩዋߥ޿࿖ߛ߇ޔ 18ᐕ㑆ߢᄤὼ⾗ᧄߪ5516ంन߆ࠄ6174ంन߳ޔ⚂12%Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩౝ⸶ߪㄘᬺ↪࿾߇ 12%2ం76⊖ਁनಽᷫዋߒߚ߇ޔ᫪ᨋ㕙Ⓧ߇36㧑98ం11⊖ਁनಽჇടߒߚޕㄘ࿾ᷫዋࠍ

਄࿁ࠆ᫪ᨋჇടߦࠃߞߡޔᣣᧄߩᄤὼ⾗ᧄో૕ߣߒߡߪჇടߒߚߎߣߦߥࠆޕ

ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ৻⒳ߢ޽ࠆஜᐽ⾗ᧄࠍ⷗ࠃ߁ޕஜᐽ⾗ᧄߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣ㑐ଥ߇ᷓ޿߇ޔੱ⊛⾗ᧄᱷ 㜞ࠍ⸘▚ߔࠆ㓙ߦߪޔஜᐽ⾗ᧄߪ⸘▚ߩኻ⽎ᄖߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ⸒ࠊ߫ෳ⠨ᢙሼߢ޽ࠆޕ1 ੱᒰ ߚࠅߢߪ18ᐕ㑆ߦ0.3㧑ᷫޔ࿖ో૕ߢߪ3㧑Ⴧߦߣߤ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩ࿖ߩᐔဋ૛๮ߦᐔဋ⾓

㊄ࠍ߆ߌߡஜᐽ⾗ᧄߩ㗵ࠍ⸘▚ߔࠆޕஜᐽ⾗ᧄߪᐔဋ૛๮߇િ߮ࠆߣჇടߒޔᐔဋ૛๮߇⍴ߊ ߥࠆߣᷫዋߔࠆߣ޿߁㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆޕߎߩ18ᐕ㑆ߦᣣᧄߢ⿠߈ߚᄌൻߪޔ✚ੱญߪჇ߃ߚ߽ߩߩޔ 㜞㦂ൻ߇ㅴⴕߒޔ૛๮߇ዋߥ޿ߟ߹ࠅஜᐽ⾗ᧄߩ᳓Ḱ߇ૐ޿㜞㦂⠪߇Ⴧ߃ߚߣ޿߁ᄌൻߢ޽

ࠆޕߎߩߚ߼ޔ࿖ߩஜᐽ⾗ᧄ✚㊂ߪ8ం0447ਁ3747न߆ࠄ8ం2979ਁ4623न߳ᓸჇߒߡ߽ޔ 1ੱᒰߚࠅߢߪ658ਁ0499न߆ࠄ655ਁ7727न߳ߣஜᐽ⾗ᧄ߇ᓸᷫߦߥߞߚޕ

⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߩᜬ⛯ജࠍ␜ߔ✚ว⊛ߥ⼾߆ߐߪ਎⇇1૏ߢ߽ޔ㜞㦂ൻߩㅴⴕߢޔஜᐽ⾗ᧄߪᒙߞ ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ޔ⸒ࠊ߫ᒰὼߩߎߣࠍߎߩ⛔⸘ߢ⏕⹺ߢ߈ࠆޕ

2㧚OECDޟ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ޠႎ๔ߦ⷗ࠆਥⷐ࿖ߩᐘ⑔ᐲ㗅૏

2.1 2ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊޔ11ᄢᜰᮡޔ28ዊᜰᮡߦࠃࠆ⸘᷹

వㅴ34ࠞ࿖᡽ᐭ߇౒หߢ૞ߞߡ޿ࠆ᡽╷⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆOECD⚻ᷣදജ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ߪޔࠬ࠹

ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔߇಴ࠆએ೨߆ࠄޔGDPߣߪή㑐ଥߥޔᄙߊߩᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ߈ߚޕޟ␠ળߩ৻

⍊ޠSociety at a Glance,SAGߣ޿߁⛔⸘ࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߥߤ߇ߘߩઍ⴫଀ߢ޽ࠆޕ

− 85 −

(8)

2009ᐕ9᦬ޔࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷ႎ๔߇಴ࠆߣޔOECDߪหႎ๔ߩ⿰ᣦࠍ↢߆ߒޔᣂߒ޿㕖GDP

⛔⸘ߩ㐿⊒ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛޕߘߩ⚿ᨐ↢߹ࠇߚߩ߇ޔ2011ᐕߦ↢߹ࠇߚޟ᥵ࠄߒ߱ࠅߪ޿߆߇㧫ޠ

How's Lifeߣ޿߁ᣂ⛔⸘ߢ޽ࠆޕᧄⓂߢߪߎߩ⛔⸘ࠍޟ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰⛔⸘ޠߣ๭߱ޕ

᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰⛔⸘ߪޔGDP ߦ㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆ 3 ᄢᜰᮡԘᚲᓧߣ⾗↥ޔԙ㓹↪ߣ෼౉ޔԚ૑ቛߣ GDPߣ⋥ធߦߪ㑐ଥߩߥ޿8ᄢᜰᮡԛஜᐽޔԜ઀੐ߣ᥵ࠄߒߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬޔԝᢎ⢒ߣᛛ⢻ޔԞ

␠ળ⊛ߥߟߥ߇ࠅޔԟᏒ᳃ߣߒߡߩ㑐ਈߣ⛔ᴦޔԠⅣႺߩ⾰ޔԡ୘ੱߩ቟ోᐲޔԢਥⷰ⊛ߥᐘ

⑔ᐲߩ⸘11ᜰᮡ߆ࠄߥࠆޕ11ᜰᮡߪߐࠄߦᨑ೎ࠇߔࠆߩߢޔో૕ߢߪ28ߩዊᜰᮡߦߥࠆޕ ฦᄢᜰᮡᲤߩ⹏ଔὐࠍ10ὐḩὐߢ⸘▚ߒޔὐᢙࠍන⚐ว⸘ߒߡᓧࠄࠇߚฦ࿖ߩว⸘ὐࠍ⸘▚ߒ ߡ޿ࠆޕว⸘ὐ߇ᦨ߽ᄢ߈߆ߞߚ࿖߇ޟ਎⇇ߢᦨ߽ᐘ⑔ߥ࿖ޠߣ޿߁⹏ଔߦߥࠅ㨮ߘࠇࠍᣂ⡞⊒

⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ⴫4ߦߘࠇࠍ␜ߒߚޕ

(9)

⴫ 7DE 2(&'᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ᜰᢙ ਄૏࿖ߣᣣᧄ ಴ౖ 2(&'%HWWHU/LIH,QGH[

KWWSZZZRHFGRUJQHZVURRP%/,&RXQWU\1RWHVSGI ෸߮

KWWSPHPRUYDMSUDQNLQJZRUOGRHFGBEOLBSKS

✚ ว 㗅

૏

࿖ ฬ

᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆᜰᮡὐḩὐߩ⹏ଔὐ

ᜰ

ᮡ න

⚐ ว

⸘

૑ ዬ

ᚲ ᓧ

ዞ

ᬺ

ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ

࠾

࠹

ࠖ ᢎ

⢒

Ⅳ Ⴚ

Ꮢ

᳃

ෳ ട

ஜ ᐽ

↢ ᵴ ḩ

⿷

቟

ో

ࡢ

֥

ࠢ

࡮

࡜

ࠗ ࡈ

࡮ ࡃ

࡜ ࡦ

ࠬ

ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕ

ࠬ࠙ࠚ࡯࠺ࡦ

ࠞ࠽࠳

ࡁ࡞࠙ࠚ࡯

ࠬࠗࠬ

ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ

࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢ

ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳

ࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼

ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ

࠾ࡘ࡯ࠫ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼

ࡈࠖࡦ࡜ࡦ࠼

ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕ ࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼

࡞ࠢ࠮ࡦࡉ࡞ࠣ

ࡌ࡞ࠡ࡯

࠼ࠗ࠷

ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ

ࠬࡠࡌ࠾ࠕ

ࠬࡍࠗࡦ ᣣᧄ

ฦᜰᮡߢߩᣣᧄ㗅૏

ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ

࠴ࠚࠦ

ࠗࠬ࡜ࠛ࡞

ࡐ࡯࡜ࡦ࠼

ว⸘ὐߦࠃࠆฦ࿖ߩ㗅૏ઃߌ

ว⸘ὐߢ㗅૏ઃߌߔࠆߣޔ૏ߪࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕߣࠬ࠙ࠚ࡯࠺ࡦ߇หὐߩὐޕ૏߆ࠄ

− 87 −

(10)

૏߹ߢߦߪޔࠞ࠽࠳ޔࡁ࡞࠙ࠚ࡯ޔࠬࠗࠬޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞޔ࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢޔࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ޔࠕࠗࠬ࡜ࡦ࠼ޔ

ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ㗅ߦਗࠎߢ޿ࠆޕᣣᧄߪ✚วὐ68.0ߩ21૏ߢ޽ࠆޕᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣⷙᮨߪ਎⇇3૏ޔ

࿖ㅪߩ⾗↥ᱷ㜞⛔⸘ߢߪ਎⇇1૏ߥߩߦޔOECDߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰⛔⸘ߢߪ21૏ߣᝄࠆࠊߥ޿ޕ ߥߗߛࠈ߁߆ޕߘࠇߪ11ߩ⹏ଔ㗄⋡ਛޔ૑ዬޔࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖޔⅣႺޔஜᐽޔ↢ᵴḩ⿷ᐲޔࡢ㧙

ࠢ㨯࡜ࠗࡈ㨯ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߩ⸘7㗄⋡ߢ20૏એਅߩૐ޿࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߛޕ ߎߩ⴫ࠍ⷗ߡ㨮ᣣᧄߩᢙሼߣ㗅૏ߦߟ޿ߡࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߒߡ߅ߎ߁ޕ

りߩ቟ోᐲߣᢎ⢒᳓Ḱߢߪ࿖㓙Ყセߒߡ1૏ߢ޽ࠆߩߦޔ㗅૏߇ᄢᄌૐ޿㗄⋡߇޽ࠆߩߢޔ

᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍ✚ว⹏ଔߒߚᣣᧄߩ㗅૏߇21૏ߣޔ߆ߥࠅૐߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕૐ޿㗄⋡ߪߥߗૐ޿

ߩ߆ޔߤ߁ߒߚࠄ㗅૏ࠍ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߩ߆ޔࠍਛᔃߦߎߩ⴫ࠍ⷗ߡࠁߊޕណࠅ਄ߍ ࠆߩߪޔԘஜᐽ㧔28૏㧕ޔԙࡢ㧙ࠢ㨯࡜ࠗࡈ㨯ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ㧔33૏㧕ޔԚ↢ᵴḩ⿷ᐲ㧔27૏㧕ޔԛ

ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㧔22૏㧕ߣᏒ᳃ෳടᐲ㧔21૏㧕෸߮Ԝ૑ዬ㧔26૏㧕ԝዞᬺ㧔15 ૏㧕ޔԞⅣႺ22

૏㧕ߩ7㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠆޕ

2.2.1ᣣᧄߩஜᐽᜰᢙ4.9㧘28૏ߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ߅߆ߒ޿ޕ

83ᱦ↵79㧘ᅚ86ߣ਎⇇ᦨ㐳ኼ⚵ޕ⢈ḩ૕Ყ₸ߪ3.5㧑ߣOECDട⋖࿖ߩਛߢᦨૐޕOECD ട⋖࿖ᐔဋ17.8 ߩ5ಽߩ1☨࿖ߪ35.9ޕ⢈ḩߪ㜞ⴊ࿶ޔ♧ዩ∛ޔᔃ⤳∛ޔⴊᩖߥߤߩ∛᳇

ࠍ⿠ߎߒ߿ߔ޿ޕ৻⥸⊛ߦ⢈ḩ₸߇㜞޿ߎߣߪޔߘߩ࿖ߩᩕ㙃⁁ᘒ߇⦟޿ߎߣߢߪߥߊޔߘߩ

࿖ߩஜᐽᐲ߇ૐ޿ߎߣࠍ␜ߔޕᣣᧄੱߩ⢈ḩ₸ߪ਎⇇ฦ࿖ࠃࠅ㓙┙ߞߡૐ޿ޕߘࠇߥߩߦᣣᧄ

ੱߩஜᐽ㗅૏߇34࿖ਛ28૏ߪ⸃ߖߥ޿ޕߘࠇߪஜᐽᜰᢙߩ૞ࠅᣇߦ໧㗴߇޽ࠆ߆ࠄߛޕ ஜᐽᐲߩ▚಴ߦᒰߚࠅޔOECD⛔⸘ዪߪԘᐔဋኼ๮ߣԙ⥄Ꮖ⸻ᢿߦࠃࠆஜᐽᐲ̖̖ߩੑߟߦ ࠃߞߡ૞ᚑߒߚߣ޿߁⺑᣿߇޽ࠆޕߎߩੑߟߦ50㧑ߕߟߩᲧ㊀ࠍ߆ߌߡஜᐽᐲࠍ⸘▚ߒޔ࿖㓙㗅૏ࠍઃߌߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߛޕ

⥄ಽ߇ஜᐽߛߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆ⥄ାߩᐲว޿ਥⷰߦޔᐔဋኼ๮߿⢈ḩᐲߦࠃߞߡ␜ߐࠇࠆታ㓙 ߩஜᐽᐲቴⷰߣหߓᲧ㊀ࠍ߆ߌߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞੱߪ90㧑ߩੱ߇⥄ಽߪஜᐽߛߣ ᕁߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔᣣᧄੱߢ⥄ಽ߇ஜᐽߛߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆੱߪ30㧑OECDᐔဋߪ69㧑ߒ߆޿ߥ޿ޕ

਎⇇ᦨ㐳ኼ㨮ᦨ∳りߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄޔᣣᧄੱߩ⥄ಽߩஜᐽߦኻߔࠆ⥄ାߩߥߐ߇ޔ਎⇇㗅૏ߢ 28

૏ߣ޿߁ૐ޿ஜᐽᜰᢙࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔᣣᧄੱ߇ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞੱࠃࠅߕߞߣᔃ㈩ᕈߢ޽

ࠆߎߣߣޔቯᦼᬌ⸻ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆੱߩᲧ₸߇㜞޿ߩߢޔ⺕ߒ߽60ᱦࠍ⿧߃ߚ޽ߚࠅ߆ࠄޔ૗

ࠄ߆ߩᜬ∛ࠍᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ⥄ಽߩஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߇ᔅߕߒ߽ਁోߢߪߥ޿ߎߣࠍ⥄ⷡ

ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

ᓥߞߡஜᐽߩ㗅૏28૏ࠍᣣᧄੱߪߘ߁᳇ߦߔࠆᔅⷐߪߥ޿ޕᜰᢙߩ૞ࠅᣇ߇߅߆ߒ޿ޔቴⷰ

⊛ߦߪᣣᧄੱߩஜᐽᐲߪ਎⇇1૏ߢߪߥ޿߆ޔߣᕁߞߡ޿ߡ߽⦟޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

2.2.2 ࡢ࡯ࠢ㨯࡜ࠗࡈ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬᜰᢙ4.1㧘㗅૏33૏ߦߟ޿ߡ

ߎࠇߪᄙಽታ൓ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޕᐕ㑆ഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߎߘᣣᧄߪ1,728ᤨ㑆ߣOECD

ᐔဋ1,776ᤨ㑆ࠍਅ࿁ߞߡߪ޿ࠆ߇ޔታ㓙ߦߪฦડᬺ߇ഭ௛ၮḰ⋙〈ዪߦഭ௛ᤨ㑆ࠍᱜ⏕ߦߪ

↳๔ߖߕޔዋߥ߼ߦ↳๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ଀߇ᄙ޿ޕᣣᧄߩ3 ᄢㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆㅢൕᤨ㑆ߩ㐳ߐ߽ޔ1 ᣣߩᤨ㑆㈩ಽਛޔ㨬ࡢ㧙ࠢ㨭ߩᲧ₸ࠍ㜞߼ߡ޿ࠆޕ

޿ࠊࠁࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬᱷᬺߪኾ㐷⡯ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒߃᰷߫☨ฦ࿖ߢ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߢޔᣣᧄ․᦭ߩ⃻

⽎ߢߪߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒᣣᧄߢߪޔ↳๔ߒߥ޿ഭ௛ᤨ㑆߇ޔ᰷☨ฦ࿖ࠃࠅᄙ޿ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕ↳

(11)

- 89 -

๔ߒߥ޿ഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߩ࿖㓙⛔⸘ߥߤሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ߩߢޔ㨬߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㨭ߣ޿߁⸒޿ᣇߒ߆಴᧪ߥ޿

߇̖̖ޕ

2.2.3 ↢ᵴḩ⿷ᐲ4.1㧘㗅૏27૏ߦߟ޿ߡ

ਥⷰ⊛ḩ⿷ᐲߪᜰᢙ6.0ߣૐ޿ᐔဋ6.6ޕ㗅૏߽27૏ߢޔᚲᓧ㗅૏6૏ߩ࿖ߦߒߡߪޔḩ

⿷ᐲ߇ૐ޿ޕߎࠇߪ1ߎߩ10 ᐕ㑆ߩ࠺ࡈ࡟ߣᩰᏅ᜛ᄢޔ⾓㊄ᒁ߈ਅߍ(ᐔဋ⛎ਈᚲᓧߪ1998 ᐕ424ਁ౞߇2010ᐕ350ਁ౞ߦ)ߦࠃࠆਇḩჇᄢޔ2ᣣᧄੱߩ㑆ߢߪ㨬߽ߞߣ⦟ߊߒߥߌࠇ߫࠳

ࡔߛ㨭ߣ޿߁ะ਄ᔃ߇ᒝߊޔ㨬߹޽ߎࠎߥ߽ࠎߢ޿޿߆ߥ㨭ߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆੱ߇ዋߥ޿ᣇߥߩߢޔਥ

ⷰ⊛ḩ⿷ᐲࠍ10ὐḩὐߢ6ὐߣ޿߁⥄Ꮖ⹏ଔࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ̖̖ߣ޿߁ੑߟߩⷐ࿃߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆࠃ ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

ߎߩ߁ߜ1ߪޔ੹ᓟߩ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ߦࠃߞߡᄙዋߩᡷༀߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ 2.2.4 ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ6.8ߢ22૏ ߣᏒ᳃ෳട5.1ߣ21૏

OECDߩᐘ⑔ᐲᜰᮡߢߪޔ㨬ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㨭ߣ㨬Ꮢ᳃ෳടᐲ㨭ߣ޿߁ੑߟߩ㗄⋡߇ޔ೎ޘߦ⸘਄

ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒਔ⠪ߪ߆ߥࠅㄭ޿ᜰᮡߛߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕᣣᧄߩ㗅૏ߪࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ߇22૏ޔ Ꮢ᳃ෳടᐲ߇21૏ߣ౒ߦૐ޿ޕߎߎߢߪߘߩਔ⠪ࠍੑߟߣ߽ᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕ

ޟࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖޠߣ޿߁⷗಴ߒߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㗄⋡ߪޔOECD ߩᢥᦠߢߪ␠ળ⊛ߥߟߥ߇ࠅ

social connectionsߣ޿߁⸒⪲ߢ߽⸒޿឵߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ߭ߣ߮ߣࠍᡰ߃ࠆ␠ળ⊛ߥߟߥ߇ࠅߩᢙ

(⚵❱ᢙ)ߣޔ߭ߣ߮ߣ߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ␠ળ⊛⚵❱ߣߤࠇߛߌ㗫❥ߦㅪ⛊ࠍขߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁㗫

ᐲfrequencyߦࠃߞߡޔ৻࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩ᳓Ḱߩ㜞ߐࠍ್ᢿߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

OECD ߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰2013ᐕႎ๔ᦠߪޟੱ㑆ߪ␠ળ⊛േ‛ߢ޽ࠆޕઁੱߣߩធ⸅㗫ᐲߣኻੱ

㑐ଥߩ⾰ߩ㜞ߐ߇ޔੱޘߩ⑔೑ෘ↢ᐲࠍ᳿߼ࠆ᳿ቯ⊛ߥⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆޠߣ޿߁ߣࠄ߃ᣇࠍߒߡ޿

ࠆޕ㧔www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/japan/ p5㧕ᣣᧄੱ߇ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠗࠕᵴേࠍߔࠆᤨ㑆ߪ 1ᣣᐔဋ4ಽߢޔߎࠇߪઁߩOECDട⋖࿖ߩᐔဋߦㄭ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޟㆊ෰৻ࡩ᦬㑆ߦઁੱࠍഥߌ ߚߎߣ߇޽ࠆޠߣ╵߃ߚੱߪ25㧑ߢޔട⋖࿖ᐔဋ㧔48㧑㧕ߩඨಽߒ߆ߥ޿ޕ

ޟ࿎ߞߚߣ߈ߦഥߌߡߊࠇࠆੱ߇޿ࠆޠߣ╵߃ߚੱߪޔዊቇᩞතᬺ⠪ߢߪ86㧑ߛ߇ޔᄢቇත

ᬺ⠪ߢߪ93㧑ߢ޽ࠆޕઁੱߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅߩᒝߐߦ߽ᢎ⢒ᩰᏅ߇⴫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߎߩ⃻⽎ߪޔᣣ ᧄߛߌߢߪߥߊޔOECDട⋖࿖ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߘࠇࠄࠍ⛔วߒߚޟࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖޠో૕ߩᜰᮡߢᦨ߽㜞޿ᢙሼࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆߩߪ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ9.0 ߢޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ㧔8.8ޔࠬࠗࠬ8.5ߥߤ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⻉࿖߇ߘࠇߦ⛯ߊޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪ6.8 ߣᣣᧄߣ หߓૐ᳓Ḱߢ޽ࠆޕ

৻ᣇޔᏒ᳃ෳടᐲߪ㨮᡽ᴦߣⴕ᡽ߦኻߔࠆ࿖᳃ߩା㗬ᐲ෸߮࿖᡽ㆬ᜼ߢߩᛩ␿₸ߢ್ᢿߒߡ޿

ࠆޕᣣᧄߩᜰᢙ5.1ߪࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ5.1ਗߺߦૐ޿ޕߎࠇߪᣣᧄߩᛩ␿₸69㧑߇ޔട⋖࿖ᐔဋߩ72 㧑ࠃࠅ߆ߥࠅૐ޿ߎߣߣޔ᦭ᮭ⠪߇᡽╷ᖱႎߩ㐿␜ࠍ᳞߼ߚ႐วߩ㐿᡼ᐲ߇ૐ޿ߎߣ㧔ᣣᧄߢ ߪᢥᦠࠍᦠ޿ߡᖱႎ㐿␜ⷐ᳞ࠍឭ಴ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿߇ޔ⻉ᄖ࿖ߢߪ㔚⹤߿ࠝࡦ㨯࡜ࠗࡦߢߩ ⷐ᳞߇น⢻㧕߇ਥߥේ࿃ߢ޽ࠆޕ

OECDᜰᢙߩ߁ߜޟᏒ᳃ෳടޠߩ㗄⋡ߢὐᢙߣ㗅૏ࠍ਄ߍࠆߦߪޔᖱႎ౏㐿ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߣ౒ߦޔ

᡽ᴦߦኻߔࠆᦼᓙᐲߣᛩ␿₸ࠍ㜞߼ߡⴕߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ 2.2.5 ૑ዬ4.5ߢ26૏

቟ᔃߒߡ⌁ࠇࠆ૑ዬߦ૑߻ߎߣߪ⑔೑ෘ↢ߦߣߞߡᦨ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߥⷐઙߢ޽ࠆޕᣣᧄߩ႐วޔ

− 89 −

(12)

นಣಽᚲᓧߦභ߼ࠆ૑ዬ⾌ߩᲧ₸ߪ22㧑ߣޔ㧔⑔೑ෘ↢ᐲ߇ᦨ߽㜞޿ߣߐࠇࠆ㧕ࠝ㧙ࠬ࠻࡜࡝

ࠕߩ19㧑ࠃࠅ߆ߥࠅ㜞ߊޔട⋖࿖ᐔဋߩ21%ࠃࠅ㜞޿ޕ3ᄢㇺᏒ࿤ߢߩ૑ዬߪ1ᚭᑪߡߢ߽ࡑ ࡦ࡚ࠪࡦߢ߽⁜ߊޔኅ⾓߇㜞޿ߎߣ߆ࠄߔࠆߣޔ26૏ߣ޿߁ૐ㗅૏ߪ޽ߥ߇ߜ㑆㆑ߞߡߪ޿ߥ

޿ࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆޕኅደౝ᳓ᵞ࠻ࠗ࡟߇޽ࠆ૑ዬߩᲧ₸ߪ93.6%ߢޔᐔဋߩ97.8%ࠃࠅ4.2ࡐࠗࡦ࠻

߽ૐ޿ޕߎ߁ߒߚߎߣ߆ࠄᣣᧄߢޟ޿߹ߩ૑ዬߦḩ⿷ߒߡ޿ࠆޠߣ╵߃ߚੱߪ77㧑ߦㆊ߉ߕޔ ᐔဋߩ87㧑ߦᲧߴ10ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣ޿߁ᄢ߈ߥᏅ߇ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆޕᐔဋ⊛ߥᣣᧄੱߩ૑ቛ᧦ઙߪޔ ቴⷰ⊛ၮḰߢ⷗ߡ߽ޔਥⷰ⊛ߥḩ⿷ᐲ߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽ޔᄢ޿ߦᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈૛࿾߇޽ࠆޕ

2.2.6 ዞᬺ7.0ߣ15૏

઀੐ߦዞ޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪޔᄙߊߩᗧ๧ߢ⑔೑ෘ↢ߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ௛޿ߡ޿ࠇ߫ޔԘ઀

੐ߢ෼౉ࠍᓧࠆߎߣޔԙ␠ળߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅࠍᜬߟߎߣޔԚ⥄ಽߩᏗᦸࠍታ⃻ߒߡⴕߊߎߣޔԛ

⥄ዅᔃࠍᜬߡࠆߎߣޔԜᛛ⢻ߣ⢻ജࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߎߣ̖̖ߥߤ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ ᣣᧄߢߪ15ᱦ߆ࠄ64ᱦߩᐕ㦂ጀਛ70㧑߇ዞഭߒߡ߅ࠅޔട⋖࿖ᐔဋߩ66㧑ࠃࠅ㜞޿ޕቇᱧ ߢ⷗ࠆߣޔᄢත⠪ߩ75%㨮㜞ත⠪ߩ61㧑߇ዞഭߒߡ޿ࠆޕቇᱧߦࠃࠆ14ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩዞഭ₸Ꮕߪ ട⋖࿖ᐔဋߩ37ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠃࠅ㓙┙ߞߡૐߊޔᣣᧄߢߪቇᱧߦࠃࠆዞ⡯ߩო߇߆ߥࠅૐ޿ߎߣࠍ

␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

↵ᅚ೎ߢߪޔᅚᕈߩዞഭ₸߇60㧑ߣ↵ᕈߩ80㧑ࠃࠅᄢᄌૐ޿ޕ20ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩ↵ᅚ㑆ዞഭ₸

ᩰᏅߪട⋖࿖ᐔဋߩᩰᏅ 12 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠃࠅ߆ߥࠅᄢ߈޿ޕ4 ᐕ೙ᄢቇ෸߮⍴ᄢ߳ߩㅴቇ₸߇↵

56.8㧑㧘ᅚ55.6㧑ߣቇᱧߦᄢᏅ߇ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽ޔᅚᕈዞഭ₸ࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆ૛࿾߇ᄢ߈޿ޕ 㧔ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ޟቇᩞၮᧄ⺞ᩏ2004̆2012ޠ㧕

2.2.7 ⅣႺ

OECDߩⅣႺᜰᮡߢߪޔᄢ᳇ਛߩᓸ⚦ߥᶋㆆ‛⾰㧔☳Ⴒ㧕ߩỚᐲߣ᳓⾰߳ߩฦ࿖᳃ߩḩ⿷ᐲ ߛߌࠍណࠅ਄ߍޔߘߩੑߟࠍวᚑߒߡޔฦ࿖ߩޟⅣႺޠᜰᢙࠍ૞ߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߩỚᐲߪޔᄢ᳇ਛߩ☳ႲỚᐲߩਛߢPM10㧘Particulate Matter 10ߣ޿߁ޔ☳Ⴒߩਛߢ ߪᄢ߈߼ߩ߽ߩ߇ᶋㆆߒߡ޿ࠆỚᐲߢ᷹ࠆޕⓨ᳇ਛࠍṫߞߡ޿ࠆᾍޔࠧࡒޔႲޔ⧎☳ޔ⢩ሶޔ

ࠞࡆߥߤ߇ߎߎߢ⸒߁ޟ☳Ⴒޠߦ౉ࠆޕᶋㆆ〒㔌ߪᢙ⊖ॏ߆ࠄ50खॏޔṛⓨᤨ㑆ߪᢙಽ߆ࠄᢙ

ᤨ㑆ߣ޿߁ޕ㧔ᵈ3㧕

㧔ᵈ3 www.airinfonow.org/html/ed_particulate.html෸߮www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/environment/

PM10 ߪᄢᄌ⚦߆޿ᓸ☸ሶߥߩߢ๭ๆߒߡ⢖ߦๆ޿ㄟ߻ߣߘߩ߹߹૕ౝߩಣ⚵❱ߦ౉ࠅㄟ

ߺޔ⢖Ἳߥߤࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔෂ㒾ᕈ߇޽ࠆޕᄢᄌߥෂ㒾‛⾰ߢ޽ࠆޕOECDട⋖࿖ߩᄢㇱಽߪߎ ߩPM10ߩỚᐲ߇22ߛ߇ޔ㧔ᣣᧄߩPM10Ớᐲߪ㨮1990ᐕએ㒠ᐕ₸2.3㧑ߢᷫዋߒߡ߈ߡߪ޿

ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧕ޔଐὼ27ߣ㜞޿ޕߎߩߎߣ߇ᣣᧄߩⅣႺᜰᮡ߇10ὐḩὐߢ7.0, 22૏ߣ޿߁ૐ޿

⹏ଔࠍฃߌࠆේ࿃ߣߥߞߚޕ㧔ᵈ4㧕

㧔ᵈ4 www.oecd.org/newsroom/47930053.pdf

㘶ߺ᳓ߩ᳓⾰ߦߟ޿ߡޔᣣᧄੱߩḩ⿷ᐲߪޔOECDട⋖ฦ࿖ߩḩ⿷ᐲߣᄢᏅ߇ߥ޿ޕ 㘶ߺ

᳓߳ߩḩ⿷ᐲߣPM10ߣ޿߁৻⥸ߦߪ޽߹ࠅ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ᶋㆆ‛ߩỚᐲߛߌߢฦ࿖ߩⅣႺߩ

⾰ࠍ࡜ࡦࠢઃߌߔࠆ߇ᅷᒰߥߩ߆ߤ߁߆ޕ߿߿⇼໧߇ߥ޿ߢߪߥ޿ޕ

(13)

- 91 - 2.3 ᣣᧄߢߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ะ਄

OECD᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ᜰᢙߢᣣᧄߩ㗅૏߇ૐ޿ߎߣߦߟ޿ߡޔޟᣣᧄߩ㗅૏ࠍૐߊߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ ߥᢙሼߩ૞ࠅᣇ߇߅߆ߒ޿ޠߣᢥฏࠍߟߌࠆ૛࿾ߪ߹ߛ޽ࠆߩ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔ⹏ଔߦ ᢥฏࠍߟߌࠆࠃࠅ߽ޔ߭ߣߟߩ࿖㓙⛔৻ၮḰߢ᷹ߞߡૐ޿⹏ଔߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆฦಽ㊁ߢᢙሼࠍ਄

ߍߡⴕߊߎߣ߇ᣣᧄߩ᡽╷⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

ౕ૕⊛ߦߪޔ૑ዬߩᐢߐޔࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖᵴേ߳ߩෳടᐲޔᏒ᳃ߩ᡽ᴦෳടᐲߥߤߢᡷༀߩ૛

࿾߇ᄢ߈޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ3 ᄢㇺᏒ࿤ߩᐔဋ⊛૑ዬࠍ߽߁৻ㇱደಽᄙߊߔࠆޔዬ૑࿾ၞߢߩ⻉࿅

૕ߦࠃࠆᵴേࠍᵴ⊒ߦߔࠆޔࠨ࡜࡝࡯ࡑࡦߩޟ௛߈ㆊ߉ޠࠍᤚᱜߔࠆ̖̖ߣ޿ߞߚߎߣࠍ᡽╷

⋡ᮡߦߒޔታᣉߒߡⴕߌ߫ޔOECD ߩ11ᜰᮡ߆ࠄߥࠆޟ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ޠ⹏ଔߢ߽ޔᣣᧄߪ㗅૏

ࠍ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޕ

2.4 ⑔೑ෘ↢ᐲ⛔⸘ߩ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴

࿖ߩ⚻ᷣⷙᮨ GDP ߣߘߩჇᄢㅦᐲ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳₸ߛߌߢߪޔ࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷᜬ⛯ജ߿࿖᳃ߩ⑔

೑ෘ↢ᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߢ߈ߥ޿ޕߎߩߚ߼ޔᣂ⛔⸘ࠍ㐿⊒ߔߴ߈ߛߣ޿߁ჿ߇㜞߹ࠅޔ࿖ㅪߪ4⾗ᧄ ࡕ࠺࡞߆ࠄߥࠆᣂ⛔⸘ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚޕOECDߪ11ᜰᮡ߆ࠄߥࠆ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ᜰᢙࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚޕੑ

ߟߩᣂߒ޿⛔⸘ࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߢߪޔ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߩᜬ⛯ജ߿࿖᳃ߩᐘ⑔ᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ⚻ᷣ⛔⸘ߦ ᣂႺ࿾ࠍಾࠅ㐿޿ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄਔ⠪ߣ߽ޔ⚻ᷣ⛔⸘ߣߒߡߪೋᦼߩ㐿⊒Ბ㓏ߦ޽ࠅޔᡷༀߔߴ߈ὐ߇ᄙ޿ޕߎ ࠇߪޔ৻ߟߦߪޔฦ࿖ߏߣߦ᡽ᐭ߇૞ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ㕖 GDP ⛔⸘ߩ⒳㘃ߣ▸࿐߇⇣ߥࠆߩߢޔਇ චಽߥ⛔⸘ߦߥࠆߩߪ߿߻ࠍᓧߥ޿ߣ޿߁஥㕙߇޽ࠆޕߎߩߚ߼OECDߢߪኅ⸘ߩ⾗↥㗵ࠍ⺞

ᩏߔࠆ㓙ߩᮡḰ⊛ߥ⺞ᩏ␿ࠍ૞ߞߡฦ࿖᡽ᐭߩෳ⠨↪ߦឭଏߒߚࠅޔ੹ᓟߩ⛔⸘૞ᚑߩᣇะߦ ߟ޿ߡޔᜰ㊎ࠍ␜ߒߚࠅߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧔www.oecd.org/statistics/OECD-Guidelines-for-Micro-Statistics-on-Household-Wealth.pdf㧕

੹ᓟޔ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰߿⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߩᜬ⛯ᐲࠍ᷹ࠆ⾗↥ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㕖 GDP ⛔⸘߇ᓢޘߦฦ࿖ߢᢛ஻

ߐࠇޔ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰ࠍࠃࠅᱜ⏕ߦ෻ᤋߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߦߥߞߡⴕߊ߽ߩߣᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆޕ

࠳ࠬࠣࡊ࠲࡮࠴㧙ࡓ߇2012ᐕߦ㐿⊒ߒߚޔ࿖ㅪߩ4⾗ᧄࡕ࠺࡞ߪOECDߩ᥵ࠄߒߩ⾰⛔⸘

ࠃࠅߕߞߣೋᦼߩ㐿⊒Ბ㓏ߦ޽ࠆޕੱ⊛⾗ᧄޔᄤὼ⾗ᧄޔ↢↥ߒߚ⾗ᧄޔ␠ળ㑐ଥ⾗ᧄߣ޿߁ 4⾗ᧄߩ߁ߜޔ␠ળ㑐ଥ⾗ᧄߦߟ޿ߡߪ߹ߛ⛔⸘߇ߥ޿ޕ2ᐕߏߣߦႎ๔ᦠࠍ಴ߔߎߣߦߥߞߡ

޿ࠆߩߢޔ2014ᐕߩႎ๔ᦠߢߪ␠ળ㑐ଥ⾗ᧄࠍಽᨆߔࠆߎߣࠍ2012ᐕߩႎ๔ᦠߢߪ੍๔ߒߡ

޿ࠆޕ߹ߚ2012ᐕߩႎ๔ߢߪኻ⽎࿖߇20ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ߇ޔ੹ᓟኻ⽎࿖ࠍჇ߿ߒߡ᧪ࠆ߽ߩ ߣᦼᓙߒߚ޿ޕ

3㧚ࠕࡌࡁࡒࠢࠬޟ3ᧄߩ⍫ޠߩᗧ⟵ߣ㒢⇇

3.1 ޟ3ᧄߩ⍫ޠߩ᭎ⷐ

2012ᐕ12᦬ߦᚑ┙ߒߚ╙2ᰴ቟୚ౝ㑑߇ᚑ┙ߦ㓙ߒߡឝߍߚ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ߩ૕♽ࠍࠕࡌࡁࡒࠢ

ࠬߣ✚⒓ߒߡ޿ࠆޕࠕࡌࡁࡒࠢࠬߪޟᄢ⢙ߥ㊄Ⲣ᡽╷ޠޟᯏേ⊛ߥ⽷᡽᡽╷ޠޟ᳃㑆ᛩ⾗ࠍ༐

⿠ߔࠆᚑ㐳ᚢ⇛ޠߩ3ߟ߆ࠄߥࠅޔߎࠇࠍޟ3ᧄߩ⍫ޠߣ๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆޕ

− 91 −

(14)

ޟᄢ⢙ߥ㊄Ⲣ᡽╷ޠߦߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩᩇ߇޽ࠆޕԘ2%ߩࠗࡦࡈ࡟㆐ᚑޔԙ౞㜞ߩᤚᱜߣ޿߁2 ᄢ⋡ᮡ߇޽ࠅޔ⋡ᮡ㆐ᚑߩߚ߼ޔԚᣣ㌁߇⾈޿౉ࠇࠆௌ೛ߩ㊂ࠍჇ߿ߒޔᲤ᦬7ళ౞⾈޿౉ࠇ ࠆޕԛߘߩ⚿ᨐޔᣣ㌁߇଻᦭ߔࠆ⾗↥㗵ࠍ2013ᐕ4᦬ߩ158ళ౞߆ࠄ2ᐕᓟߦߪ⚂2୚ߩ290 ళ౞ߦߔࠆ̖̖ߣ޿߁ౝኈߛޕ

ޟᯏേ⊛ߥ⽷᡽᡽╷ޠߪޔ2013ᐕ1᦬ߦ᳿߼ߚ10ళ౞GDPߩ⚂2%ߩ⚻ᷣኻ╷߇ਛᔃߢޔ ߎߩ⚻ᷣኻ╷ߩ߁ߜ߆ߥࠅߩㇱಽߪหᐕ2᦬ߦᚑ┙ߒߚ2012ᐕᐲ⵬ᱜ੍▚ߣޔหᐕ5᦬ߦᚑ┙

ߒߚ2013ᐕᐲ੍▚92.6ళ౞ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ⽷᡽ᡰ಴ߩౝኈߪޔ㔡ἴ߆ࠄߩᓳ⥝ᛩ⾗෸

߮ޟ࿖࿯ᒝ㕤ൻޠߩߚ߼ߩ㆏〝ޔ᷼ḧߥߤ߳ߩᛩ⾗ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ౏౒੐ᬺߣޔ␠ળ଻㓚⾌߇ᄢ ߈ߥㇱಽࠍභ߼ࠆޕ

቟୚ౝ㑑ߪ12ᐕᐲ⵬ᱜ10ళ౞ߣ13ᐕᐲ92.6ళ౞ࠍวࠊߖޔޟಾࠇ⋡ߥߊᡰ಴߇⛯ߊ102 ళ౞ߩ15ࡨ᦬੍▚ޠߣ⒓ߒޔߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ᥊᳇᜛ᄢ߇ᜬ⛯ߔࠆߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

3 ᧄ⋡ߩޟ᳃㑆ᛩ⾗ࠍ༐⿠ߔࠆᚑ㐳ᚢ⇛ޠߪޔԘᣣᧄ↥ᬺౣ⥝ࡊ࡜ࡦޔԙᚢ⇛Ꮢ႐ഃㅧࡊ࡜

ࡦޔԚ࿖㓙ዷ㐿ᚢ⇛ߩ3ߟ߆ࠄߥࠆޕฦࡊ࡜ࡦ߿ᚢ⇛ߦᢙ୯⋡ᮡ߇޽ࠅޔߘࠇߙࠇ3ᐕᓟ߆ࠄ චᢙᐕᓟߦ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

3ᧄߩ⍫ߦߟ޿ߡޔߘࠇߙࠇ1ᧄߕߟౝኈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕ

3.2 ᥊᳇ᶋ឴ലᨐ߇޽ߞߚޟᄢ⢙ߥ㊄Ⲣ᡽╷ޠ

ޟᄢ⢙ߥ㊄Ⲣ᡽╷ޠߦߪᒰೋ߆ࠄᄢ߈ߥലᨐ߇޽ߞߚޕߎࠇߪޟ2㧑ߩࠗࡦࡈ࡟ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆޠ ߣ޿߁⋡ᮡࠍ㤥↰ᣣ㌁✚ⵙ߇ት⸒ߒޔ⋡ᮡታ⃻ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ⻉᡽╷ࠍᰴޘߦታᣉߒߡ޿ߞߚ߆ࠄ ߢ޽ࠆޕ

㐳ᐕ‛ଔਅ⪭ߦᖠࠎߢ޿ߚᣣᧄߢ߽ޔ2㧑ߩࠗࡦࡈ࡟߇ታ⃻ߔࠆߣᄢᄙᢙߩੱ߇⏕ାߔࠆߣޔ ߘࠇ߇੍ᗐࠗࡦࡈ࡟₸ߦߥࠆޕ੍ᗐࠗࡦࡈ࡟₸߇ 2㧑ߛߣޔ⃻࿷߶߷࠯ࡠ㊄೑ߢ޽ࠆ᥉ㅢ㗍㊄ ߢߪޔ100ਁ౞ߩ㗍㊄߇1ᐕᓟߦߪ98ਁ౞ߩଔ୯ߒ߆ߥߊߥࠆߣᄙߊߩੱ߇ᕁ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕ ߎ߁ߒߡ߶߷࠯ࡠߛߞߚ᥉ㅢ㗍㊄ߩ㊄೑ߪޔࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ2%ߦߥࠆޕ

㊄೑ߪ࠯ࡠߛ߆ࠄ߽߁ߎߩߐ߈ਅ߇ࠅࠃ߁߇ߥ޿ߣߘࠇ߹ߢ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ߇ޔਛᄩ㌁ⴕ߇

⋡ᮡࠗࡦࡈ࡟₸ࠍ⊒⴫ߒޔੱޘ߇ߘࠇࠍାߓࠆߎߣߢޔᦼᓙታ⾰㊄೑ࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ2㧑߇ታ⃻ߔࠆޕ ߘࠇߥࠄ߫100ਁ౞ࠍ㗍㊄ߒߡ߅ߊࠃࠅޔ޿߹ᶖ⾌ߒߚᣇ߇ᓧߛߣᄙߊߩੱ߇ᕁ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥࠇ

߫ޔߘࠇߢᶖ⾌߇Ⴧ߃ࠆޕ᥊᳇߇᜛ᄢߔࠆޕ

࿯࿾ޔᩣᑼߥߤߩ⾗↥ଔᩰߪޔߘߩᤨߩᏒ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᦼᓙታ⾰㊄೑ߦࠃߞߡᄌേߔࠆޕ৻⥸

⊛ߦޔ㊄೑߇਄᣹ߔࠇ߫࿯࿾߿ᩣᑼߥߤߩ⾗↥ଔᩰߪਅ⪭ߒޔ㊄೑߇ਅ⪭ߔࠇ߫⾗↥ଔᩰߪ਄

᣹ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߘߎ߳ᦼᓙߩᄌൻߣ޿߁ⷐ⚛ࠍ౉ࠇߡߺࠆޕߔࠆߣฬ⋡㊄೑ߪ޿߹߹ߢߣหߓ࠯ࡠߢ߽ޔታ

⾰㊄೑ߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ2㧑ߦਅ߇ࠆߣ޿߁ᦼᓙ߇↢߹ࠇࠆޕߎ߁ߒߡ㨮㗍㊄ࠍᒁ߈಴ߒޔ㗍㊄ࠃࠅ߽

ߞߣ೑࿁ࠅߩ⦟޿߽ߩᩣᑼߩ㈩ᒰ߿ࠕࡄ࡯࠻߆ࠄߩኅ⾓෼౉ߦᛩ⾗ߒߚᣇ߇ᓧߛߣ޿߁್ᢿ ߇ᐢ߇ࠆޕ

ߎ߁ߒߡᩣᑼ߿ௌ೛߇⾈ࠊࠇޔ⾗↥ଔᩰ߇਄᣹ߔࠆޕታ㓙ߦ 2㧑ߩࠗࡦࡈ࡟߇ታ⃻ߔࠆએ೨ ߢ߽ޔੱޘߩᦼᓙ߇ 2㧑ࠗࡦࡈ࡟ታ⃻ߦᄌࠊࠆߣޔࠗࡦࡈ࡟߇⿠߈ߚߩߣหߓലᨐ߇↢ߓࠆߩ ߢ޽ࠆޕ