チャールズ一世第3議会第2会期の関税論議 (マング・マング・ルウィン教授退職記念号)

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チャールズ一世第3議会第2会期の関税論議 (マング

・マング・ルウィン教授退職記念号)

著者

酒井重喜

雑誌名

熊本学園大学経済論集

巻

25 号

1-4

ページ

133-167

発行年

2019-03-31

URL

http://id.nii.ac.jp/1113/00003335/

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ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 3 ㆟఍➨ 2 ఍ᮇࡢ㛵⛯ㄽ㆟

㓇 ஭ 㔜 ႐

要約

㛵⛯(customs)ࡣࠊᾏୖ㜵⾨࡜㈠᫆ಖㆤࢆ౑㏵┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚᪂ᅜ⋤༶఩᫬࡟㆟఍ࡀ⤊㌟㛫ᢎㄆࡍࡿࡢࡀ័⩦(custom)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ័⩦ࡀᏲࡽࢀࡿ㝈ࡾ㛵⛯ࡣᅜ⋤࡜㆟఍ࡢ ㄪ࿴࡜஫ᜨࡢ㇟ᚩ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᅜ⋤ࡀ኱ᶒⓗᚩ⛯ᶒࢆࠊ㆟఍ࡀㄢ⛯ྜពᶒࢆࡑࢀ ࡒࢀ᤼௚ⓗ࡟୺ᙇࡍࢀࡤᑐ❧࡜୙࿴ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ1629 ᖺࡢ㆟఍ࡀࠊ୙ἲ࡞௜ຍ㛵⛯ ㈿ㄢࡸࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜ࡢ↓┈࡞ᡓத࡜ࡑࡢᅜෆⓗᅽ㏕㸦㆟఍ᢎㄆ࡞ࡁ⛒⛯㈿ㄢ࣭ ᙉไබമࠊ᜛ពⓗᢞ⊹ࠊᕷẸ࡬ࡢ㌷ἲ᪋⾜ࠊරኈᐟἩᙉไ㸧࡞࡝ࡢⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࢆ㛵⛯ ᢎㄆࡢྲྀᘬ᮲௳࡜ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ㛵⛯㸦ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯㸧ἲࡢᢎㄆࡣ㐜ᘏࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ ᑐࡋ࡚ᅜ⋤ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽ㛵⛯ࢆ㈿ㄢ࣭ᚩ཰ࡍࡿ኱ᶒࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚㠀㆟఍ⓗᚩ཰ࢆṆ ࡵ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㆟఍ࡣ㠀㆟఍㛵⛯ࢆᚩ཰ࡲࡓࡣᨭᡶ࠺⪅ࢆࠕ⋤ᅜࡢ୺ᩛࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠗỴ㆟࠘ ࢆୖࡆࡓࠋᅜ⋤ࡣࡇࢀࢆᢈุࡋ࡚㆟఍ࢆゎᩓࡋ௨ᚋ 11 ᖺ㛫㆟఍࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸㈈ᨻᑒ ᘓไࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⾜ᨻⓗᡂຌ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ㆟఍ࡢㄢ⛯ྜពᶒ㸻⮧Ẹࡢ㈈⏘ᶒࡢ኱⩏ ࡣᛀኻࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㛗ᮇ㆟఍࡛෌⾲ฟࡋࠊ஦ែࡣෆ஘࡬✺ࡁ㐍ࡴࠋ ࠕ୍භ஧஑ᖺࡢ㆟఍ࡀྍỴࡋࡓࠊ࠶ࡢ✺㣕࡞ࠊ᭷ྡ࡞ࠗ୕⟠᮲ࡢỴ㆟࣭࣭࠘ࡀ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ ࡣࠊ(୍)ఱࡨ࡜࡟࠶ࢀ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ᪧᩍࡶࡋࡃࡣ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࢘ࢫᩍࢆᣢࡕ㎸ࡶ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊබඹ ࡢᩛ࡜┳೴ࡉࡿ࡭ࡋࠋ㸦஧㸧ఱࡨ࡜࡟࠶ࢀ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆ⤒ࡊࡿ⛒⛯ࡢᚩ཰ࢆ່࿌ࡋࡓࡿ⪅ࡣࠊබ ඹࡢᩛ࡜┳೴ࡉࡿ࡭ࡋࠋ㸦୕㸧㆟఍ࡢྍỴࡋࡓࡿ࡟࠶ࡽࡊࡿ⛒⛯ࢆᨭᡶ࠸ࡓࡿၟேࡶࡋࡃࡣ୍⯡ ேࡣࠊࡍ࡭࡚ㅛ཯ேୟࡘබඹࡢᩛ࡜┳೴ࡉࡿ࡭ࡋࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢỴ㆟ࡢᛶ㉁࡟ ᜍࢀࢆ࡞ࡋࡓୗ㝔㆟㛗ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀྍỴࡉࢀࡿ࡟ඛ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊ఍㆟ࢆ㛢఍ࡏࡼ࡜ࡢ࿨௧ࢆ⋤࠿ࡽཷ ࡅྲྀࡗࡓ࡜ᐉゝࡋࡓࠋ஧ேࡢ㆟ဨࡀࠊ㆟㛗ࡢ୧⭎ࢆᤊ࠼࡚ࠊ↓⌮ࡸࡾࡇࢀࢆ㆟㛗ᖍ࡟ᗙࡽࡏࡓࠋ ஧ேࡣ㆟㛗࡟ྥࡗ࡚ゝࡗࡓࠊࠗ⚄࠿ࡅ࡚ྩࡣࠊୗ㝔ࡀᆘࡗ࡚࠸ࢁ࡜࠸࠺㝈ࡾࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡟ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ ᆘࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࠘࡜ࠋࡶ࠺୍ேࡀᡬ࡟㛜ࢆ࠾ࢁࡋࠊ㘽ࢆ࠿ࡃࡋ 㸬㸬㸬 ࡟཰ࡵࡓࠋ㛛⾨ࡀᅜ⋤ࡢྡ࡟࠾ ࠸࡚ᡬࢆ྇࠸ࡓ᫬࡟ࡣࠊㄡࡶ㛤ࡅࡿࡶࡢࡣ↓࠿ࡗࡓࠋື㆟ࡣྍỴࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㠉࿨ⓗ࡞ሙ㠃 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬࡶࡇࢀ࡟⟅࠼ࡿ࡟㠉࿨ⓗ⾜ືࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㛢఍࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ ᶒ฼ㄳ㢪ࢆ↓どࡋ࡚ࠊ஑ྡࡢୗ㝔㆟ဨࢆᢞ⊹ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛࠸ࡕࡤࢇ᭷ྡࡔࡗࡓ࢚ࣜ࢜ࢵࢺࡣࠊ _{ᮏ✏ࡢᰝㄞࡢປࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ஧ྡࡢᰝㄞ⪅࡟࠾♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ}

ᰝ ㄞ ௜ ㄽ ᩥ

䠉㻌㻌㻝㻟㻟㻌䠉

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୕ᖺࡢࡢࡕࣟࣥࢻࣥሪ࡛⊹Ṛࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡭࡚ࡢṥᩍࡢ౛࡟㐪ࢃࡎࠊࡇࡢ೧኱࡞㆟ဨࡢṥᩍࡶࡲࡓࠊ Ύᩍ୺⩏ࢆࡋ୍࡚ࡘࡢ⚄⪷࡞୺⩏ࡓࡽࡋࡵࡓࠋࠖ(1) ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 3 ㆟఍➨ 2 ఍ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ୗ㝔㸦ᗢẸ㝔㸧ࡢࠕ㠉࿨ⓗࠖ≧ἣࡢ⡆࡟ࡋ࡚せࢆᚓࡓླྀ㏙ࢆࣔࣟ࢔ࡣୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྠ㆟఍➨ 2 ఍ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵⛯ㄽதࡣୖグࡢࠗ୕⟠᮲ࡢỴ㆟࠘㸦3 ᭶ 2 ᪥㸧࡜ࡑࡢ཯ື࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢゎ ᩓ㸦3 ᭶ 10 ᪥㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㏵⤯ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ 11 ᖺ㛫ࡢ↓㆟఍᫬௦ࢆ⤒࡚ 41 ᖺ࡟㛗ᮇ㆟఍㸦ࠗ኱ㅋ ዌ࠘➨༑ඵ㡯㸧࡛෌⇞ࡋࠊ஦ែࡣ 42 ᖺ࡟ෆ஘࡟✺ධࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࢘࢕ࢵࢢྐᐙ㸦࣮࢞ࢻࢼ࣮ࠊS.R.Gardiner ࡽ㸧ࡣ 1620 ᖺ௦ࡢᅜ⋤࡜㆟఍ࡢ᠇ἲㄽதࡢ㧗ࡲ ࡾࡣࠊぶᨻᮇ࡟₯అࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㛗ᮇ㆟఍࡛෌ᾋୖࡋࡑࡢࡲࡲෆ஘࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜ぢࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ᅜ⋤኱ᶒ࡜㆟఍≉ᶒࡢ᠇ἲㄽதࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࢘࢕ࢵࢢྐほࢆᢈุࡍࡿಟṇ୺⩏ྐᐙࣛࢵࢭࣝ (C.Russell)ࡢ୺ᙇࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᮇࡢ㆟఍ࡢΰ஘ࡣࠊᐑᘐෆ㝜ㅛࠊᯡᐦ㝔ෆ୙࿴ࠊᆅඖ 㑅ᣲẸࡢពྥࠊᡓதࡢ༴ᶵ࡬ࡢ㆟ဨࡢ㕌ឤࡉ࡟ࡑࡢཎᅉࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟➨ 3 ㆟఍ࡀఏ⤫ ⓗ㛵⛯࡛࠶ࡿࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆᢎㄆࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ẟ࡛㠀ྜ⌮࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ஦ᐇ࡜ࡋ ࡚ࢫ࣌࢖࣭ࣥࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜ࡢᡓதࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞㛵⛯ࢆࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬࡣ἞ୡᙜึࡼࡾ㆟఍ࡢ ྜពᢤࡁ࡛ᚩ཰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ➨ 3 ㆟఍ࡢᅜ⋤࡜㆟఍ࡢᑐ❧ࡢዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊ㈈ᨻࢆࡵ ࡄࡿ᠇ἲㄽதࡼࡾࡶ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࢘ࢫὴࢆࡵࡄࡿ᐀ᩍၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ(2) _{ྠࡌࡃಟṇ୺⩏ྐᐙࡢࢣࢽ} ࢜ࣥ㸦J.P.Kenyon㸧ࡣ 3 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࡢ㆟఍ෆࡢࠕ㠉࿨ⓗࠖᭀᣲࡣᆅඖ㑅ᣲẸࡢពྥࠊᡓ㈝ࡢᚲせᛶࠊ ⋤ᶒࡢ⌧ᐇࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞࠸㆟ဨࡢࠕ୙ㅽៅ࡞ࠖ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ(3) _{࢘࢕ࢵࢢྐᐙ࡜ಟṇ୺⩏ྐᐙࡢᑐ} (1) ࣔࣟ࢔ࠗⱥᅜྐ࠘[ୗ]Ỉ㔝ᡂኵ࣭ᑠᯘṇヂࠊ᪂₻ᩥᗜࠊ410 㡫ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕබඹࡢᩛࠖࡢඖࡢⱥㄒࡣ a capital enemy to this Kingdom and Commonwealth ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠕ⋤ᅜ࡜බඹ♫఍ࡢ୺ᩛࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࠗ୕⟠᮲ ࡢỴ㆟࠘ࡣࠊThe Stuart Constitution 1603-1688 Documents and Commentary edited and introduced by J.P. Kenyon (1966), p.85 ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

(2) C.Russell, Parliaments and English Politics (1979),pp.403-6,414-16.ಟṇ୺⩏ྐᐙࡢ୺せᩥ⊩ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ ࡾࠋC.Russell, ’Parliamentary History in Perspective,1604-1629’, in C.Russell, Unrevolutionary England 1603-1642 (1990); C.Russell, ‘The Nature of a Parliament in Early Stuart England’, in H. Tomlinson(ed.), Before the English Civil War (1983) ; K.Sharpe, ‘Parlimentary History, 1603-1629’: In or Out of Perspective?, in K.Sharpe (ed.),Faction and Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History (1978); K.Sharpe, ‘The Personal Rule of Charles I’, in Tomlinson(ed.) (1983),op.cit.;J.P. Kenyon (ed.),The Stuart Constitution,1603-1688 (1966); J.P. Kenyon, Stuart England (1978) 㸹G.R.Elton, ‘The Stuart Century ’, in G.R.Elton(ed.),Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government,(1974),ii; do,’A High Road to Civil War’, ibid..ಟṇ୺⩏ྐᐙᢈุᩥ⊩࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࢆཧ↷ࠋT.K.Rabb and D.Hirst,̓Revisionism Revised: Two Perspectives on Early Stuart Parliamentary History͂,Past and Present,no.92(1981); R. Zaller,̓The Concept of Opposition in Early Stuart England͂,Albion, xii(1980).㓇஭㔜႐ࠕ1620 ᖺ௦࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㆟఍ࡢ ࠗ㈈ᕸࡢᨭ㓄࣭࣭࠘ⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭࡜౪୚ࡢᢎㄆࡢ୍యᛶ࣭࣭ࠖ⇃ᮏᏛᅬ኱Ꮫࠗ⤒῭ㄽ㞟࠘➨ 22 ᕳ 1-2 ྜేྕ (2015)ࡣࠊ1621 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 28 ᖺ㸦ࠕᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪ࠖ㆟఍㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㆟఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖ࡜ࠕ౪୚ࡢ ᢎㄆࠖ࡜ࡀ୍య࡛࠶ࡾࡋ࠿ࡶ๓⪅ࡀඛ⾜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡍࡿ㆟఍ഃࡢ୺ᙇࢆࢥࢢࢫ࢙࢘ࣝ㸦T.Cogswell㸧ࡢ◊✲࡟ ᣐࡗ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ 1628 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ⿵ຓ⛯ࡢ౪୚ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡀࠊᮏ✏ࡣ๓✏࡟ᚋ⥆ࡍࡿ 1629 ᖺ㆟ ఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵⛯ㄽ㆟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㆟఍ࡢㄢ⛯ྜពᶒࡢ୺ᙇࡢᣢ⥆ⓗ⏕࿨ຊࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ T.Cogswell,’A Low to Extinction? Supply and Redress of Grievances in the Parliaments of the 1620s’,Historical Journal,33-2(1990).

(3) Kenyon,(1966),p.61.

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❧࡛࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ศࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡀၥࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࣔࣟ࢔ࡢླྀ㏙ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ➨ 3 ㆟ ఍ࡀ㛵⛯ࢆࡵࡄ⃭ㄽ࡜㦁஘ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ゎᩓࡉࢀࡓ⤒⦋ࡣࠊ㈈ᨻၥ㢟ࡢ᠇ἲⓗព⩏ࡀࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ୰ᚰ ⓗㄽⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡ἞ୡࡢ࣋࢖ࢺ஦௳࠿ࡽࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 3 ㆟఍ࡢࢺࣥ⛯㺃࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆࡵࡄࡿ ㄽதࡲ࡛ᅜ⋤࡟ࡼࡿ᜛ពⓗㄢ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᗢẸ㝔ࡢ᠇ἲⓗᢈุࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆࡢ࡞ ࠸⛯ࢆᚩ཰ࡍࡿ⪅࡜ᨭᡶ࠺⪅ࢆࠕ⋤ᅜ࡜බඹ♫఍ࡢ୺ᩛࠖ࡜㞴ࡌࡓࠗỴ㆟࠘ࢆຊ࡙ࡃ࡛᥇Ỵࡋ ࡓ 1629 ᖺࡢ㆟఍ࡣࡑࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋಟṇ୺⩏ྐᐙࡀ➼㛩どࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ๓ᮇࢫࢳࣗ࢔ ࣮ࢺᮅ࡟㏻ᗏࡍࡿ᜛ពⓗㄢ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᠇ἲⓗᢈุ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ἞ୡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௜ຍ㛵 ⛯࣭㠀㆟఍ⓗࢺࣥ⛯࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࣭ᙉไබമ࣭ᚨ㔠 benevolence ࡸ㸦1628 ᖺࡢᥦ᱌ࡢ㸧ᾘ㈝⛯ࡣᗢ Ẹ㝔㆟ဨࡢ᠇ἲឤぬࢆ⏒ࡃ่⃭ࡋࠊຍ࠼࡚ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢၟே࡞࡝㆟఍እࡢࡶࡢࡶ㠀㆟఍ⓗ㈿ㄢࢆ ⮧Ẹࡢᶒ฼ࢆ౵≢ࡍࡿᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡢ㐣ᗘࡢ⾜౑࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᮏ᮶✀ࠎࡢ≉ᶒ㸦ึᮇ⊂༨㸧 ࡢᤵཷࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᅜ⋤࡜⒵╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࣟࣥࢻࣥ㈠᫆ၟேࡀ㠀㆟఍ⓗ㈿ㄢࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ᅜ⋤࡜ᑐ❧ࡋࠊ ࡇࢀ࡜㐃ືࡋ࡚ 1629 ᖺࡢᗢẸ㝔ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ࡢᢎㄆࢆࡏࡎࠊ㠀ᢎㄆ㈿ㄢࡢᚩ཰࡜ ᨭᡶࢆࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆࠕ⋤ᅜ࡜බඹ♫఍ࡢ୺ᩛࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠗỴ㆟࠘ࢆ᥇ᢥࡋࡓࠋ㈠᫆ၟே࡜ᗢẸ㝔ࡢ ࠕᨻ␎⤖፧ a mariage de convenanceࠖ㸦㹋㸬ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ㸧(4) _{ࡣࠊึᮇ⊂༨ࡢ୍༙ࡀᅜ⋤࠿ࡽ㞳} ཯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ព࿡ࡋ๓ᮇࢫࢳࣗ࢔࣮ࢺᮅࡢᨻ἞ⓗ≧ἣࢆὶື໬ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㛵⛯୙ᡶ࠸ࡢၟே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵⛯ᐁ㸦ㄳ㈇ே㸧ࡢᕪᢲ࠼ࡀၟேࡢ཯Ⓨࢆច㉳ࡋࠊࡑࡢᩆ῭せồ ࡟ᅜ⋤ࡀྰᐃⓗ࡞ጼໃࢆྲྀࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ୧⪅ࡢỴ⿣ࢆỴᐃⓗࡋࡓࠋ1629 ᖺ㆟఍࡛㛵⛯ࡣ୺せၥ 㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡࡀồࡵࡿࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢ㆟఍ᢎㄆࡣࠊࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘࡟┒ࡽࢀ ࡓ✀ࠎࡢࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ redress of grievancesࠖࢆඛ⾜ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚ᘏᮇ㸦஦ᐇୖࡢ ᣄྰ㸧ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶ㆟఍ᢎㄆࡢ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᚩ཰ࡣ⥆ࡅࡽࢀࠊ㛵⛯ࡣᅜ⋤࡜⮧Ẹࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ ㄪ࿴ࡢ㇟ᚩ࠿ࡽ⮧Ẹࡢᶒ฼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡢ౵≢ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡬࡜ኚᐜࡋࡓࠋ1629 ᖺࡢ㆟఍ࡣ㛵 ⛯ࢆࡵࡄࡿ⮧Ẹࡢᶒ฼࡬ࡢ౵≢ࢆ᭷ຠ࡟㜼Ṇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ኱ᶒⓗ࡟㈿ㄢࡉࢀࡿࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ ࣥࢻ⛯࡟ᢠ㆟ࡍࡿᗢẸ㝔࡜㈠᫆ၟேࡢ๓౛ࡢ࡞࠸ྠ┕ࡀ⤖ࡤࢀࠊ๓ᮇࢫࢳࣗ࢔࣮ࢺᮅ㆟఍ࡢ᠇ ἲ㜚தࢆ୍ẁ࡜㝿❧ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡぶᨻ㛤ጞ┤๓ࡢ 1629 ᖺ㆟఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㛵⛯ࡀᅜ⋤࡜㆟఍ࡢㄪ࿴ࡢ ㇟ᚩ࠿ࡽᑐ❧ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡬ᬯ㌿ࡍࡿᒎ㛤ࢆ࣏࣏ࣇࢫ࣮࢟ࡢ◊✲࡟౫ᣐࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋ(5)_{ࠊぶᨻᮇ࡟₯అ} ࢆవ൤࡞ࡃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㛗ᮇ㆟఍࡛෌ᾋୖࡋෆ஘ࡢᘬࡁ㔠࡜࡞ࡿ᠇ἲ㜚தࡢ୺㍈࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㛵⛯ ၥ㢟ࡢព⩏ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

(4) M.James, Social Problems and Policy During the Puritan Revolution 1640-1660 (1930),p.151. (5) L.S.Popofsky,’The Crisis over Tonnage and Poundage in Parliament in 1629’,Past & Present,126(1970) .

(5)

一．付加関税批判とトン税･ポンド税承認問題

࣭࣭ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡ➨ 1 ㆟఍࠿ࡽࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 2 ㆟఍ࡲ࡛࣭࣭ ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡜࠸࠺ఏ⤫ⓗ㛵⛯㸦customs㸧ࡣ᪂ᅜ⋤ࡢ༶఩࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㆟఍ࡀ⤊㌟ࡢࡶࡢ ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢎㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡲࡉ࡟័⩦㸦custom㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 1625 ᖺࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 1 ㆟ ఍࡛ᗢẸ㝔ࡣ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢྜἲᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウ࡟᫬㛫ࢆせࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ᅜ⋤࡬ࡢ㛵⛯ࢆ⤊ ㌟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ 1 ᖺ㝈ࡾ࡛ᢎㄆࡋࡓࠋᅜ⋤ࡣࡇࢀࢆ౲㎯࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡎ㆟఍ࢆゎᩓࡋࡓ㸦25 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 12 ᪥㸧ࠋ㛵⛯ࡣ⤊㌟౪୚ࡀ័⩦࡛࠶ࡾࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࢀࡀᇶᖿⓗ཰ධ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵᅜ⋤ࡣࡑࡢᚩ཰ ࢆṆࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ⥆ࡅࡓࠋ1628 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 17 ᪥㛤఍ࡢ➨ 3 ㆟఍࡛ࡶ㛵⛯ࡢᢎㄆ࡟ࡣ⮳ࡽࡎࠊ㆟఍ ୙ᢎㄆࡢࡲࡲࡑࡢᚋࡶྠᵝ࡟ᇶᖿⓗ㈈※ࡢᚩ཰ࡣ⥆ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋ(6) 㛵⛯࡟ࡣ༶఩᫬࡟⤊㌟࡛ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ័⩦ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡣู࡟⥭ᛴ᫬࡟ᅜ⋤ࡢཿ៖࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈿ㄢ ࡉࢀࡿ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ㈠᫆࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㍺ධᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘࡬ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆ㆟఍ྜពࡢ ࡞࠸㐪ἲ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᨭᡶᣄྰࢆࡋࡓࢪ࣭ࣙࣥ࣋࢖ࢺࡀ 1606 ᖺ࡟⿢ุ࡟࠿ࡅࡽࢀ᭷⨥࡜࡞ࡾ ◚⏘ࡢ៧ࡁ┠࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㈈ົᗓ⿢ุᡤࡢุỴࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⋤ᶒ࡟ࡣ㏻ᖖⓗ࡜⤯ᑐⓗࡢ ஧ࡘࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ๓⪅ࡣࢥ࣭࣮ࣔࣥࣟ࡜㆟఍࡟ᣊ᮰ࡉࢀࡿࡀᚋ⪅ࡣබඹၿ㸦ᡓத࣭㈠᫆㸧࡟ಀࡿࡶ ࡢ࡛ࡑࡢ⾜౑ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢཿ៖࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆせ௳࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ௜ຍ㛵⛯㈿ㄢࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ ⋤ᶒ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆせࡉࡎࠊࡼࡗ࡚㆟఍୙ᢎㄆࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡍࡿྠ⛯୙ᡶࡣ㐪ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣋࢖ࢺ⿢ุࡢࡇࡢุỴ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㠀㆟఍ⓗ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢ㐪ἲᛶࡢ᎘␲ࡀᡶᣔࡉࢀࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࡀࠊ ኱ᶒⓗㄢ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢈุࡣ㙠ⅆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ(7) ㍺ධᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘࡬ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ྜ᠇ุỴ࡟ຊࢆᚓࡓᅜ⋤ᨻᗓ㸦኱ⶶ䬃ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࢭࢩࣝ㸧ࡣࠊ 1608 ᖺ࡟௚ရ┠࡟௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆᣑ኱ࡋ୍࡚⯡ⓗ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆタࡅࡓࠋࡓࡔࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㈠᫆ၟே࡟

(6) ࢢ ࣜ ࣮ࣥ (࿴ ⏣ຬ୍ ヂ )ࠗ ࢖ࢠࣜ ࢫᅜẸ ࡢṔྐ ᏶࠘50 㡫 ࠊ J.R.Green, Short History of the English People(rep.1926),p.496. ࢡࣛ࢖࣒ࢬࡣࠊ1625~28 ᖺࡢ 3 ࢝ᖺ㛫ࠊ㆟఍ࡀᢎㄆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ ࢆ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᚩ཰ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࠕ᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡓᶒ฼ prescriptive rightࠖ࡟ᣐࡗࡓ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢡ ࣛ࢖࣒ࢬ㸦ᕝ໭ὒኴ㑻ࠊᑠᯇⱱኵࠊᮡཎὈ㞝ヂ㸧ࠗ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ᠇ἲྐ࠘㸦1965 ᖺ㸧ࠊ177 㡫ࠊS.B.Chrimes, English Constitutional History (1948㸧,p.146.࣮࢞ࢻࢼ࣮ࡣ 1604 ᖺࡢ࣋࢖ࢺ஦௳࡛௜ຍ㛵⛯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄆࡵ ࡽࢀࡓᅜ⋤ࡢࠕ⤯ᑐⓗ absoluteࠖᶒ฼㸦ࠕ㏻ᖖⓗ ordinary ᶒ฼࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸧࡟ᣐࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋS.R.Gardiner, 㸦ed.㸧The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution 1623-1660 (rep.1979),p.xxi. 㓇஭㔜႐ ࠗ㏆௦࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㈈ᨻྐ◊✲࠘㸦1989 ᖺ㸧ࠊ135-38 㡫ࠋࠕ᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡓᶒ฼ࠖ࡜ࠕ⤯ᑐⓗࠖᶒ฼ࡢ࠸ࡎ ࢀ࡟ࡋࢁ㆟఍ࡢㄢ⛯ᢎㄆᶒࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࡣ㆟఍ഃࡢㄢ⛯ᢎㄆᶒࡢ෌☜ㄆࢆồࡵࡓࠋ (7) ௜ຍㄢ⛯ࡢ㈿ㄢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ࢜ࢻࣁࢸ࢕ࡢ཯஘㙠ᅽࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ཯஘ࡣ▷᫬᪥࡟㙠ᅽࡉ

ࢀࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡀᐇ㝿ࡣᅜ⋤ṓධ඲⯡ࡢ⿵ᙉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㓇஭ࠗ㈈ᨻྐ࠘ࠊ146 㡫ࠋP.Croft,’ Fresh Light on Bate’s Case’,Historical Journal,xxx-iii(1987),pp.523-4,531,536.ඖ᮶ࠊᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡣࡑࡢ ㉳※࡟≉␗ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫࡟ࡼࡿࢥࣥࢫࢱࣥࢳࣀ࣮ࣉࣝ㥔ᅾ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ኱౑㤋⥔ᣢ㈝࡟඘࡚ࡿࡓ ࡵ࡟఍♫እࡢࡶࡄࡾၟே࠿ࡽᚩ཰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ஺᫆ᩱࡀࠊᨻᗓࡢせồ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௜ຍ㛵⛯࡟ㄞࡳ᭰࠼࡚ୖ⣡ࡉࢀࡓ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㓇஭ࠊྠୖ᭩ࠊ132 㡫ࠋ⯪⯧⛯ࡀᪧ᮶ࡢᾏ 㒔ᕷ࡟ᅜ⋤኱ᶒ࡟ࡼࡿᡓ᫬ࡢ⯪⯧ᚩ⏝ࡀ 1634 ᖺ ௨㝆⯪⯧⛯࡟ㄞࡳ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡜㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㓇஭ࠗࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡࡢ⯪⯧⛯࠘(2005)ࠊ➨ 6 ❶࣭9 ❶ཧ ↷ࠋࡑࡢ௚ࠊ୙ᙜ࡟Ᏻ౯࡞ẟ⧊≀㍺ฟ⛯࡜ṇつࡢỈ‽࡜ࡢᕪ㢠㸦୙᏶඲ᚩ཰ศ㸧ࡀ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜ࡋ࡚ᚩ཰ࡉࢀ ࡓࠋ㓇஭ࠊྠୖ᭩ࠊ6 㡫ࠋ 䠉㻌㻌㻝㻟㻢㻌䠉

(6)

᰿῝࠸୙ಙ࡜୙‶ࢆເࡽࡏࠊࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ࡟ࡼࡿ㆟఍ᢎㄆ࡞ࡁ㛵⛯ࡢᚩ཰࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶࡜ࡶ ࿧ᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ እᅜ㈠᫆ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢ⤯ᑐⓗ࣭㠀ᖖ᫬ⓗ኱ᶒࡢࡶ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࠊእᅜ㈠᫆࡬ࡢㄢ⛯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᅜ⋤ࡢ ⟶㎄ୗ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡀ࣋࢖ࢺ⿢ุ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈈ົᗓ⿢ุᡤࡢุỴ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⿢ุ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ㆟఍ἲ㸦statute㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛵⛯ࢆつไࡍࡿ㆟఍ࡢᶒ฼⮬యࢆ␲ၥどࡍࡿពぢࡀุ஦ࡢ୰࠿ࡽฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࢀ ࡣ ࠊ ⨺ ẟ ࣭ ⨺ ⓶ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᪂ ࡓ ࡞ ⛯ ㈿ㄢ ࡣ ㆟ ఍ ࡢ ྜ ព ࢆ せ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ἲ 㸦45EdwardIIIcap.4㸧ࡣ୍⯡ⓗᣊ᮰ຊࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⛯㈿ㄢࢆᅜ⋤኱ᶒ࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢᶒ฼࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ(8) _{ࡉࡽ࡟ุ஦ࡽࡣࠕ⮧Ẹ࡜ᨻᗓࡢ࡞࠸⋤ᅜࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ཰ධࡢ࡞࠸ᅜ⋤ࡶ࡞࠸ࠖ} ࡜ࡢಙᛕ࠿ࡽࠊ࣋࢖ࢺ⿢ุ࡛ࡢ㍺ධᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘࡬ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢ㈿ㄢᶒࢆ෌☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ぢゎࡣࠊ㛵⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆᶒࡣ 14 ୡ⣖࡟䭧ࡿṇᙜ࡞ᶒ฼࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㆟఍࡟ ࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊᡓ᫬࣭ᖹ᫬ࢆၥࢃࡎ㆟఍ࡢ࠶ࡎ࠿ࡾ▱ࡽࡠ⊂❧ࡢ཰ධࡢᚩ཰ᶒࢆᅜ⋤࡟୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ ⮧Ẹࡢ㈈⏘ᶒ㸦property㸧ࢆ≢ࡍ༴㝤࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ᛮ࠼ࡓࠋ(9) ኱ⶶ䬃ࢯ࣮ࣝࢬ࣋ࣜ࡟ࡼࡿ 1608 ᖺࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢᗈ⠊࡞ၟရ࡬ࡢᣑ኱ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆ㈠᫆ㆤ⾨㸦ᾏ ୖ㜵⾨㸧ᨻ⟇࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣṓධᨻ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡣ ᖺ㢠 7 ୓࣏ࣥࢻࡢṓධࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡶࡢ࡜ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡓࠋ(10) _{≉ᐃࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢ⣡⛯⪅ࡣၟேࡔ} ࡅ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊㄢ⛯ᑐ㇟ࡢᣑ኱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚඲ᾘ㈝⪅࡟ᣑᩓ㌿᎑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㆟఍ࡢㄢ⛯ᢎㄆ ᶒࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ኱ࡁࡃẋᦆࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᠱᛕࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡ➨ 1 ㆟఍ ࡛ࡣࣇ࣮ࣛࡸ࣊ࢻ࢙࢘࢖࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡀྂ᮶ࡢᶒ฼࡟㐪⫼ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᢈุࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊࠕ㈈ ⏘ᶒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢥ࣭࣮ࣔࣥࣟ࡟ࡼࡿಖㆤࡢ⚄⪷ࡉࠖࡀຊㄝࡉࢀࡓࠋ(11) _{࣊࢖ࢡ࢙࢘ࣝࡣࠊྜព࡞ࡁ} ㄢ⛯ࢆᅜ⋤ࡢ≉ᶒ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࢀࡤࠕࡑࡢ᫬ᅜ⋤࡜ேẸࡢ㛫࡛ࡔࢀࡀ⿢ุᐁ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜㆙࿌ ࡋࠊ࣍࣡࢖ࢺࣟࢵࢡࡣࠕㄢ⛯࡜ࡣ㆟఍ࡢ୰ࡢᅜ⋤ࡢᶒ㝈࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡔࡅ㈿ㄢࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ ࡜ㄽࡌࡓࠋ(12) _{࠸ࡎࢀࡶ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡀᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡢ༴㝤࡞ษࡗඛ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆឤࡌྲྀࡗࡓ୺ᙇ࡛࠶} ࡗࡓࠋᅜ⋤ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㆟఍ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ᢈุࡢᨷໃࢆཷࡅࠊ㍺ฟရ࡬ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆᗫṆࡍࡿ࡜࠸ ࠺ᚋ㏥ࢆࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ᪂ࡓ࡟タࡅࡽࢀࡓ㍺ධရ࡬ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡣಖᣢࡋࡓࠋ㍺ධရ࠿ࡽᅜෆ⤒῭ ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ጼໃࢆぢࡏࡿᡓ⾡࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1614 ᖺࡢࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡ➨ 2 ㆟఍㸦ࠕΰ஘㆟఍ࠖ㸧 ࡢ㆟ဨࡣࡇࡢᡓ⾡࡟ᝨࢃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡛᪂タ࣭ಖᣢࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣᗫṆࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ

(8) Popofsky,op.cit.,p.47.n.7㸹A Complete Collection of State Trials, compiled by T.B. Howell,ii,pp,382-94;D.Hirst,’Revisionism Revised: The Place of Principle’ Past and Present,no.92(1981),p.84.

(9) ᇛᡞẎࠕ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ㌟ศไᅜᐙࡢᒎ㛤ࠖࠊ㟷ᒣྜྷಙ⦅ࠗୡ⏺Ṕྐయ⣔࢖ࢠࣜࢫྐ㸯࠘㸦1991 ᖺ㸧ࠊ374-75 㡫ࠋ

(10) C.Russell, ’Parliament and the King’s Finances’, in Russell(ed.),The Origins of the English Civil War (1973),p.100.

(11) Proceedings in Parliament,1610,ed., E.R. Foster,(1966),ii, pp.158-9, (Fuller), 186,189,194 (Hedley). (12) Popofsky,op.cit.,p.47,n.9.

(7)

ࡼࡾከࡃࡢ཰ධࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀ㈠᫆ㆤ⾨ࡼࡾࡶṓධ☜ಖࢆ┠ᙜ࡚࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᢈุࡋࡓࠋ࢚ࢻ࢘࢕࣭ࣥࢧࣥࢬࡣࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢ㈿ㄢᶒࡢ᜛ពⓗ⾜౑࡛࠶ࡾேẸ ࡢ㈈⏘ࢆ⬣࠿ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᢈุࡋࡓࠋ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆ࡞ࡁ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡣ㐪ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㆟఍ࡢᨷ ໃ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ⋤ࡣゎᩓࡢ⬣ࡋࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ᢲࡋ㏉ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢ㈿ㄢࡶ⮧Ẹࡢ⮬⏤ࢆಖ 㞀ࡍࡿ㆟఍≉ᶒ࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᢈุࢆ㆟఍ࡣṆࡵ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ(13) ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡ➨ 1 ㆟఍㸦1610 ᖺ㸧࣭➨ 2 ㆟఍(1614 ᖺ㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⃭ࡋ࠸௜ຍ㛵⛯ᢈุࡣࠊ ࢫ࣌࢖࣭ࣥࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜ࡢᡓதࡀ⌧ᐇࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡓ➨ 3 ㆟఍㸦1621 ᖺ㸧࣭➨ 4 ㆟఍ 㸦1624 ᖺ㸧࡛ࡣୗⅆ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ(14) _{ࡋ࠿ࡋࢧࣥࢬࡸ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࢡࢵࢡࡽࡣ࡞࠾኱ⶶ䬃࣑ࢻࣝ} ࢭࢵࢡࢫࢆᨷᧁࡋ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜㸦㍺ฟྥࡅẟ⧊≀ࡢ㏣ຍ⛯࡛࠶ࡿ㸧୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࡢ㐣㔜ᛶ࡜㐪 ἲᛶࢆᢈุࡋࡓࠋ(15) ἲົ㛗ᐁࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣄ࣮ࢫࡀ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࡢἲⓗ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡋ ࡚ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡᮇࡢࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࢆ᥼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡓࡵᗢẸ㝔ࡢ཯Ⓨࡣ ⅆ࡟Ἔࢆὀࡀࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ἞ୡࡀᨵࡲࡗ࡚ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 1 ㆟఍㸦1625 ᖺ㸧ࡣࠊࢺࣥ ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࢆ௜ຍ㛵⛯࣭୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࡢἲⓗ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡍࡿἲゎ㔘ࢆྰᐃࡍࡿἲ᱌ࢆ⏝ពࡋ ࡓࠋࢧࣥࢬࡣࠊ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ୕ୡ἞ୡ࡛௜ຍ㛵⛯࣭୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࡢᨭᡶ࠸࡟ᛂࡌࡓၟேࡶ㆟఍ ࡢྜព࡞ࡁ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆྜἲⓗ࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜㏙࡭ࡓࠋ(16) ௜ຍ㛵⛯࣭୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢈุࡀࠊఏ⤫ⓗ㛵⛯ࡓࡿࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ၥ㢟࡟㣕ࡧⅆ ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 1 ㆟఍ࡢ≉グࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ௨๓ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ 15 ୡ⣖௨᮶ࠊ㆟఍ࡣ᪂ᅜ⋤࡟㛵⛯ࢆ⮬ືⓗ࡟⤊㌟㛫୚࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋ୰ୡΰྜ⋤ᨻ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖ᫬࡟ࡢ ࡳㄢ⛯ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀཎ๎࡛ࠊᅜ⋤ࡣ㆟఍࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㠀ᖖ᫬ࡓࡿ᰿ᣐࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࠕᚲせࠖࡀ⏕ࡌ ࡓࡇ࡜ࡢㄝ᫂(the plea of necessity)ࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㛵⛯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡢ ౑㏵ࡀᾏୖࡢ㜵⾨࡜㈠᫆ࡢㆤ⾨࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀࠕᚲせࠖㄽ㆟ࡣ୙せ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

(17) _{ࡋ࠿ࡋࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 1 ㆟఍࡛㆟ဨ࢛࢘ࣝࢱ࣮࣭࢔࣮ࣝࡣࠊ㜵⾨ࡢ༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣࡣࣂࢵ࢟}

(13) Proceedings in Parliament,1614㸦House of Commons㸧,ed., M.Jansson (1988), pp.213,433-4. (14) ࢪ࣭࢚ࣙࣥࣜ࢜ࢵࢺ࡛ࡉ࠼ᡓ㈝ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㛵⛯཰ධࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋH. Hulme , The Life

of Sir John Eliot,1592 to 1632 (1957),pp.45-6. ᑐࢫ࣌࢖࣭ࣥᑐࣇࣛࣥࢫᡓத࡜௜ຍ㛵⛯ᢈุ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࢆ ཧ↷ࠋD.Hirst,’Parliament ,Law, and War’, Historical Journal,(1988),p.458; ࣊ࢡࢫࢱ࣮ࡣࠊࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ ୡࡣ 1621 ᖺࡢᗢẸ㝔ࡢ㆟ဨ࡟௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡣᙼࡽࡢ㈈⏘ࢆ⬣࠿ࡍࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆຊㄝࡋࡓࠊ࡜ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ J.H. Hexter, ’Power Struggle, Parliament and liberty in Early Stuart England’, Journal of Modern History,I(1978),pp.39-40.

(15) C.J.,i,pp.759-60,763-5,778; S.D.White, Sir Edward Coke and ‘The Grievance of the Commonwealth’,1621-1628 (1979),pp.99-100.୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯(the pretermitted (overslipt) customs)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࢆཧ↷ࠋF.C.Dietz, English Public Finance, 1558-1641, (1964), vol.2,pp.177,373-4.㓇஭ࠗ㈈ᨻྐ࠘5-6㺂95,150 㡫ࠋὀ(7)ࠋ (16㸧PP,1625,pp.313,511: C.Russell, ’Parliament History in Perspective’, pp.39-40.

(17㸧㆟ဨ࣊ࢻ࢙࢘࢖ࡣ 1620 ᖺࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ㄽ㆟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕᅜ⋤ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᾏୖ㜵⾨ࡢࡓࡵ ࡟ၟရ࡬ࡢ⛯㸦subsidy of merchandises㸧ࢆᚓࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋP P,1610,ed.E.R.Foster, ii,p.181.ࢹ࢕࣮ ࢶࡢḟࡢླྀ㏙ࡀཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࠋࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࠾ࡼࡧ⨺ẟ࣭⨺⓶⛯࡜࠸࠺㛵⛯ࡣ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ୕ୡ἞ୡ௨᮶ࡢ ࡶࡢ࡛ᅜ⋤ࡢᜏᖖⓗ཰ධ the annual regularly recurring revenues of the crown ࡢ୍㒊ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࣊ࣥ

(8)

࣒ࣥ࢞බࡢኻ⟇࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆ⮬ືⓗ࡟⤊㌟㛫ㄆࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࡃ 1 ᖺ㝈ࡾ࡛ㄆࡵࡿᥦ᱌ࢆࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ 1 ᖺ㝈ࡾࡢࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ࡟௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜୙᏶඲ ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࢆྵࡵࡍ࡭࡚ࢆ㆟఍ࡢ⤫ไୗ࡟⨨ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀពᅗࡉࢀࡓࠋ(18) ࢡࢵࢡࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ ࡀᾏୖ㜵⾨ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ⋤ࡀᾏ㈫࡞࡝࠿ࡽࡢᏳ඲ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢ ᢎㄆࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡋࡓࠋ(19) _{㆟ဨࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫࡣࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡣ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆྵࡴࡶ} ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕᅜ⋤ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆ⮧Ẹࡢ㉗ࡾ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡲࡓูࡢ㸦௜ຍ㛵㸧⛯ࢆㄢ ࡍࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࡑࢀ࡛‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡶࡋࡑࢇ࡞㸦ูࡢ⛯ࢆㄢࡍ㸧ᶒ㝈ࢆ㸦ᅜ⋤ࡀ㸧ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡞ࡽぢ㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡓࠋ(20) _{ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ࡟௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜୙᏶඲ᚩ཰} 㛵⛯ࢆྵࡵ࡚㆟఍ࡀᤸᥱࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࢔࣮ࣝ㸻ࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫᥦ᱌ࢆᗢẸ㝔ࡣᢎㄆࡋࡓࠋࣛࢵࢭࣝ ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆᗢẸ㝔ࡀᅜ⋤ࡢ㛵⛯཰ධࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃቑຍࡉࡏࡿヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡋ ࠿ࡋࡇࡢࣛࢵࢭࣝࡢ⌮ゎࢆ࣏࣏ࣇࢫ࣮࢟ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢈุࡍࡿࠋࢡࢵࢡࠊ࢔࣮ࣝࠊࣇ࢚ࣜࢵࣉ ࢫࡢᢈุࡣࠊᅜ⋤㈈ᨻ㐠Ⴀࡢ୙ᡭ㝿(ࣂࢵ࣒࢟ࣥ࢞ᡓதᨻ⟇ࡢኻᩋ࡞࡝)࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊṓධṓฟࡢ඲⯡࡟ࢃࡓࡾ㆟఍࡟ࡼࡿᤸᥱࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ࡟௜ຍ㛵 ⛯࡜୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࢆྵࡵࡿࡢࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㛵⛯ࢆ㆟఍ࡢ⤫ไୗ࡟⨨ࡃࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑ ࢀࡣ㛵⛯཰ධࡢቑຍࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ➃ⓗ࡟㆟఍ࡢࠕ㈈ᕸࡢᨭ㓄ࠖࢆᣑ኱ᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢔࣮ࣝ㸻ࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫᥦ᱌ࡣࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࢆṇᙜ໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡟ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡࡢࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࢆࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡞ࡋᔂࡋⓗ࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿࡢࢆ㏫ ᡭࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ࡟௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜୙᏶඲ᚩ཰㛵⛯ࢆྵࡵ࡚㆟ᐃ⛯࡟ࡋࡼ࠺ ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢡࢵࢡࡣࡇࡢ㊃᪨࠿ࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸㛵⛯⋡⾲ࡢసᡂࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡓࠋఏ⤫ⓗ㛵⛯࡟ ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆྜయࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᙜึࡣᅜ⋤཰ධࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿࡸࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࣛࢵࢭࣝࡢゝ ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟⛯཰ቑࡀ㛵⛯⋡⾲సᡂࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㛵⛯⋡⾲ࢆ㆟఍୺ᑟ࡛సᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛㛵⛯㈿ㄢᴗົ඲⯡ࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ㆟఍ࡀዣྲྀࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀពᅗࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼సᡂᙜึ㛵⛯཰ධ ࡀቑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࢀࡣ㆟఍ࡢࠕ㈈ᕸࡢᨭ㓄ࠖࢆᙅ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᙉ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣜ୐ୡࡣࡑࡢ᭱ึࡢ㆟఍࠿ࡽࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࠾ࡼࡧ⨺ẟ࣭⨺⓶⛯ࢆ⏕ᾭ㛫⋤ᅜࡢ㜵⾨࡜ᾏୖ࡛ࡢㆤ⾨ࡢࡓ ࡵ࡟ᤵ୚ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣᅵᆅ཰ධ࡜୪ࢇ࡛ࢳ࣮ࣗࢲ࣮ᮅࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ṓධࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᇶ♏ࢆ࡞ࡋࡓࠋF.C.Dietz, op.cit., (1964), vol.1,pp.11-2.ࣟࢫࢣࣝࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢ⤊㌟㛫ࡢᤵ୚ࢆཷࡅࡓ୰ୡࡢ඲ᅜ⋤ࡢ࠺ࡕࣜࢳ ࣕ ࣮ ࢻ ୕ ୡ ࡔ ࡅ ࡀ ࡑ ࡢ ᭱ ึ ࡢ ㆟ ఍ ࡛ ࠶ ࡓ ࠿ ࡶ ᙜ ↛ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᤵ ୚ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠊ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ J.K.Roskell,’Perspectives in English Parliamentary History ’,in E.B.Fryde and E.Miller(eds.),Historical Studies of the English Parliament, 1399-1603 (1970),ii,p.318.

(18) Popofsky,op.cit.,p.50.ୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ 1625 ᖺᗢẸ㝔ࡣ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢྜἲᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウ࡟᫬㛫ࢆせࡍ ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ᅜ⋤࡬ࡢ㛵⛯ࢆ⤊㌟࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ 1 ᖺ㝈ࡾ࡛ᢎㄆࡋࡓࠋᅜ⋤ࡣࡇࢀࢆ౲㎯࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡎ㆟఍ 㸦࢙࢘ࢫࢺ࣑ࣥࢫࢱ࣮)ࢆఇ఍࡟ࡋ㸦25 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 11 ᪥㸧ࠊࡑࡢᚋ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࡛෌ྊ㞟ࡋࡓࡀ 10 ᪥వࡾ ࡛ゎᩓࡋࡓ㸦25 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 1 ᪥-12 ᪥㸧ࠋ

(19) Russell, ’Parliament and the King’s Finances’,p.106. (20) PP,1625, p.317.

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(21)_{G.A.ࣁࣜࢯࣥࡣࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔ᪂㛵⛯⋡⾲ࢆ௜ࡋࡓ㛵⛯ἲࡀฟ᮶ࢀࡤࠊ㆟఍ࡀᢎㄆ} ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㛵⛯ࢆᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡢᶒ㝈࠿ࡽ㆟఍ࡢ⟶ᤸୗ࡟⛣ࡋࠊᅜ⋤኱ᶒ࡛᜛ពⓗ࡟ᚩ཰ࡉࢀࡿ㛵 ⛯ࡀ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟ᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡢࢆ㜵Ṇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(22) ၥ㢟ࡣ⛯཰ࡢከᐻ࣭ㄢ⛯ ࡢ㍍㔜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⟶㎄ᶒࡢ࠶ࡾ࡝ࡇࢁ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ኱ᶒⓗ⛯ࡢ㆟ᐃ⛯࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࡀពᅗࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔ᪂㛵⛯⋡⾲ࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠕࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢ 1 ᖺ㝈ࡾࡢᢎㄆἲ᱌ࠖࡣᗢẸ 㝔࡛㏻㐣ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㈗᪘㝔୍࡛ᗘㄞ఍ࡀࡶࡓࢀࡓࡁࡾ࡛ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࣛࢵࢭࣝࡣࠊࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫࡸ࢔࣮ࣝࡸࢡࢵࢡ࡞࡝ࡢ㆟ဨ࡟ࡼࡿࠕ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔ᪂㛵 ⛯⋡⾲ࢆ௜ࡋࡓ 1 ᖺ㝈ࡾࡢࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࠖࡢᥦ㉳ࢆࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ཰ධ※ࡢ႙ኻࢆᐜㄆ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᅜ⋤ࢆࡑࡢᚋࡶ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆ࡞ࡁࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᚩ཰࡬࡜㏣࠸㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠕᙜ ᫬ࡢ᭱ᝏࡢពᛮỴᐃࠖ࡜ホࡋࡓࠋ(23) ᗢẸ㝔ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡓࡕࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢᅜ⋤࡜ࡢ஺΅ࡢ୰࡛ྛ ✀ࡢ㛵⛯࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㆟఍ࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡟⟶ᤸࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ཎ๎ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿពᛮࢆᅛࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᇶᖿⓗ཰ ධࡢ㏵⤯ࢆ⫯ࡌ࠼࡞࠸ᅜ⋤࡟㐪ἲ࡞㛵⛯ࡢᚩ཰ࢆᙉ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ඲㛵⛯ࢆ㆟ᐃ⛯࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡜ࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࡢ௦౯࡜ࡋ࡚㛵⛯ࡢቑ཰ࢆࡶㄆࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆࠕ᭱ᝏࡢពᛮỴᐃࠖ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡲ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᗢẸ㝔ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡓࡕ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᝿ᐃ እ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ1626 ᖺ࡟෌ᗘᥦฟࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠕ᪂ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ࠖࡀࡑࡢᖺࡢࣂࢵ ࣒࢟ࣥ࢞බᢈุࡢ ࡢ୰࡛⁻ὶࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(24) ࣂࢵ࣒࢟ࣥ࢞බᢈุ࡟⇕ࢆୖࡆࡓᗢẸ㝔ࡣࡑࡢໃ࠸࡛ࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢᚩ཰ࢆࠕ⮧Ẹࡀ⿕ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ⱞ③ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㠀㞴ࡋࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡣ㆟఍ࡢྜពࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᚩ཰୙ྍ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍ ࡿᢠ㆟ᩥࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓືࡁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᯡᐦ㝔ࡣࠊᅜ⋤ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛯ࢆᅜ⎛௜ࡁ㛤ᑒ≉チ ≧࡛ࡶࡗ࡚ᚩ཰࡛ࡁࡿ࡜཯ㄽࡋࠊྠ᫬࡟⛯ࡢ୙ᡶ࠸⪅ࡢᢞ⊹ࢆ࿨ࡌࡓࠋ⛯ࡢ୙ᡶ࠸⪅ࡢᢞ⊹ࡣࠊ 㛵⛯ࢆ㆟఍ࡢྜពࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࡓࡔᚩ཰ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡜࠸࠺๓ᖺࡢ❧ࡕ఩⨨࠿ࡽࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㣕㌍࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࠋᢠ㆟ᩥࡀᅜ⋤࡟ᥦฟࡉࢀࡿ๓࡟ࠊࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡࡣࡑࡢ➨ 2 ㆟఍ࢆゎᩓࡋࡓ(1626 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 15 ᪥)ࠋࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬࡣࠊ㆟఍ゎᩓᚋࡢ 7 ᭶ 26 ᪥࡟ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㆟ ఍ᮍᢎㄆࡢࡲࡲᚩ཰ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡼ࠺ᣦ♧ࢆฟࡋࠊࠕ࠸ࡲࡸྠ⛯ࡣᅜ⋤཰ධࡢ୺せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᅜ⋤ࢆ ᨭ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟⥅⥆ࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㆟఍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ゎỴࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛⥆ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ(25) _{㛵⛯ࡣ㆟ᐃ⛯࡞ࡢ࠿ᅜ⋤ࡢສチ≧࡛ᚩ཰ྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࠿ࠋᅜ⋤࡜⮧Ẹ㛫ࡢ᠇}

(21) Russell,Parliaments and English Politics,pp.227-9㸹Popofsky, op.cit., p.50; PP,1625,ed., pp.220,278-9,317,398-401.

(22) G.A.Harrison, ’Innovation and Precedent: A Procedural Reappraisal of the 1625 Parliament’, Eng. Hist.Rev.,cii(1987),pp.45-6.

(23) Russell, ’Parliament and the King’s Finances’,p.105.

(24) ๓ᖺ 1625 ᖺ࡟ᅜ⋤ࡀ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆ࡞ࡁ⛯ࢆᚩ཰ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆච㈐ࡍࡿἲ᱌ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀࡓࡀࣂࢵ࣒࢟ࣥ࢞ᢈ ุࡢ႖ᄀࡢ୰࡛⬥࡟㏣࠸ࡸࡽࢀࡓࠋPopofsky,op.cit.,p.51.

(25) C.J.,i,pp.863,867-9;Gardiner, History of England,vi,p.118;R.Cust, The Forced Loan and English

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ἲⓗᑐ❧ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ1626 ᖺࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 2 ㆟఍ࡢ႖㦁࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㆟఍ࡀᥦ ᱌ࡋࡓ᪂㛵⛯ἲࡣᐇ⌧ࡏࡎࠊᅜ⋤ࡀ㆟఍ᢎㄆࡢ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ㛵⛯ࡢᚩ཰ࢆ⥆⾜ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ㐪᠇ࠖ ≧ែࡀ⥆࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢၥ㢟ࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨๓࠿ࡽⱞ᝟࡜ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ௜ ຍ㛵⛯࡜ษࡾ㞳ࡋࡀࡓࡃ⤡ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊ୧⪅ࡢ୍యⓗゎỴ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣ཰ᣠࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ

二. 非議会的関税と「権利の請願」

࣭࣭ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 3 ㆟఍➨ 1 ఍ᮇ࣭࣭ ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆࡢ࡞࠸㛵⛯ࡢ㈿ㄢ࡟཯ᑐࡋࡓᗢẸ㝔ࡣࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡ༶఩௨᮶ࠊᅜ⋤ ࠿ࡽ≉チࢆཷࡅࡓ㈠᫆఍♫࡟ࡼࡿ⊂༨ⓗ㈠᫆ࢆᢈุࡋ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⊂༨ⓗ㈠᫆఍ ♫ࡣࡑࡢ≉ᶒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅜ⋤࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕึᮇ⊂༨ࠖࡢ᭷ຊ࡞୍⩼ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᅜ⋤ ࡜⒵╔ࡍࡿ≉ᶒⓗ㈠᫆఍♫࡜⮬⏤㈠᫆ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ㆟఍ࡣ≟⊷ࡢ௰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᗢẸ㝔ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᠇ἲⓗᢈุάື࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ1606 ᖺࡢ࣋࢖ࢺ஦௳ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ≉ᶒⓗ㈠ ᫆఍♫ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡഐほ⪅ⓗែᗘࢆᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 1625 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㠀㆟఍ ⓗࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᅜ⋤࡟ࡼࡿᚩ཰ࢆᢈุࡍࡿ㆟఍࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⛯ࡢ⣡௜⩏ົ⪅ࡓࡿ≉ᶒⓗ ㈠᫆఍♫࡜ࡀᛴ᥋㏆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡣᅜ⋤࠿ࡽ㈠᫆⊂༨ᶒࢆ௜୚ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ 㛵⛯ࡢᚩ⛯ㄳ㈇ᶒࡶ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊᑐእⓗ࡜ᅜෆⓗࡢ୧㠃ࡢࠕึᮇ⊂༨ࠖᶒࡢᤵཷ࡛ᅜ⋤࡜ࡢ⤖ ࡧࡘࡁࡀࡇ࡜ࡢ࡯࠿ᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ(26) _{ࡋ࠿ࡋ 1625 ᖺ࡟ࡑࢀࡲ࡛㛵⛯ㄳ㈇㸦}_{ࠕ኱ㄳ㈇ࠖ}_{㸧࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚} ࠸ࡓ࣮ࣔࣜࢫ࣭࢔࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࣭࣮࢙࣊ࣥࣜ࢞࢘࢖࡜࠸࠺ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡢ᭷ຊ⪅ࡀࠕ኱ㄳ㈇ࠖࡢ ዎ⣙᭦ᨵ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᅜ⋤࡜ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡦࡧࡀධࡗࡓࠋ(27) ࡲࡓࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡣᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘㍺ධ௜ຍ㛵⛯㸦ࣁࣥࢻࣞࢵࢻᙜࡾ 2 ࢩࣜࣥࢢ 2 ࣌ࣥࢫ㸧࡟୙

Politics 1626-1628 (1987),p,36;The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution,1625-1660,ed., S.R. Gardiner,(1979),p.50.

(26) R.Ashton, ’Conflicts of Concessionary Interest in Early Stuart England’, in D.C.Coleman and A.H.John(eds.),Trade, Government and Economy in Pre-Industrial England (1976),p.115;A.C.Wood,A History of the Levant Company (1935). 1613 ᖺ࡟ᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘⛯ࡢᚩ⛯ㄳ㈇ࡢ 7 ᖺዎ⣙ࡀ኱ㄳ㈇ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅ ࡚࠸ࡿࢩࣥࢪࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢࢩࣥࢪࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟஧ேࡢࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡢ᭷ຊ⪅ W.࣮࢙࢞࢘࢖࡜ N.ࢯࣝࢱ࣮ࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡣᅜ⋤࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋᚩ⛯ㄳ㈇࡜ࣦࣞ ࢓ࣥࢺ㈠᫆ၟேࡣ㔜」ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋᮏᩥ࡛ぢࡿ㏻ࡾ୧⪅ࡣ㞳཯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ (27) ኱ㄳ㈇ࡣࠊ1625 ᖺ࡟ W.ࢥࢵࢣ࢖ࣥ࡜ P.ࣆࣥࢲ࣮ࡀ௦⾲࡜࡞ࡾ J.࢘ࣝࢫࢸ࣮࣒ࣥ࣍ࡸ A.ࢪ࢙࢖ࢥࣈࡽࢆ ྵࡴ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢩࣥࢪࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟ᖺࣞࣥࢺ 5 ୓࣏ࣥࢻࠊ1625 ᖺ 12 ᭶࠿ࡽ 5 ᖺࡢዎ⣙࡛୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ㓇஭ࠗ㈈ᨻ ྐ࠘98-101 㡫ࠋ࢔࣎ࢵࢺ࡜࣮࢙࢞࢘࢖ࡣ኱ㄳ㈇࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࣈࢻ࢘㓇⛯࡜ᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘⛯࡬ࡢ㞧ㄳ㈇㸦3.5 ᖺ㛫ࠊࣞࣥࢺ㺿44,005㸧ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢔࣎ࢵࢺࡣࠊ᭷ຊ࡞ᗢẸ㝔㆟ဨࡢࢲࢻ࣭ࣜࢹ࢕ࢵࢡࢫ㸦1626 ᖺࡢࣂࢵ࣒࢟ࣥ࢞ᨷᧁࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࢔࣎ࢵࢺ࡜ྠࡌࡃᮾ࢖ࣥࢻ఍♫ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸧࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ࢹ࢕ࢵࢢࢬࡀࠊ1628-9 ᖺ࡟ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᢎㄆࢆᨭᣢࡋࠊ㆟఍࠿ࡽᨷᧁࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㛵⛯ᐁ࣭ㄳ㈇ே࡬ࡢ ฎ⨩࡟ᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢔࣎ࢵࢺࡀ 1628 ᖺ 9 ᭶ࡢ㛵⛯ࢆࡵࡄࡿၟேࡢࠕᭀᣲࠖ࡟ຍࢃࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ ࢹ࢕ࢵࢢࢬࡀᨭᣢࡋࡓ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ 䠉㻌㻌㻝㻠㻝㻌䠉

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‶ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓୖ࡟ࠊࢥࣥࢫࢱࣥࢳࣀ࣮ࣉࣝ㥔ᅾⱥ኱౑࡟⋤ඪὴࡢࢺ࣮࣐ࢫ࣭ࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉࢫ 㸦Thomas Phillips㸧ࡀᣦྡࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ཯Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡣྠ♫ࡀ㐺௵࡜ࡍࡿ ࡶࡢࢆ㑅ࡪᶒ฼ࢆ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ࡜ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡ௨᮶ாཷࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ッ࠼ࠊ1626 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 19 ᪥࡟ ⌧⫋ࡢࢺ࣮࣐ࢫ࣭࣮ࣟࡢ኱౑⥅⥆ࢆㄳ㢪ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢㄳ㢪ࡣཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡎྠ఍♫ࡢ኱౑㑅௵ᶒ ࡣኻࢃࢀࡓࠋ(28) _{≉ᶒⓗ㈠᫆఍♫࡛࠶ࡿࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡀᅜ⋤࡜⒵╔㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ௜ຍ㛵} ⛯࡜኱౑㑅௵ࡢၥ㢟࡛㛵ಀ࡟ட⿣ࡀධࡾࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜㠀㆟఍ⓗࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡬ࡢ᠇ἲⓗᢈ ุࢆᙉࡵࡿᗢẸ㝔࡜㐃ᦠࡍࡿ⣲ᆅࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋ㏫࡟ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ⊂༨ⓗ㈠᫆఍♫ࡀࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯ ࡢᚩ཰࡟࠶ࡓࡿᚩ⛯ㄳ㈇฼ᐖ࡜ࡢᑐ❧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ⌧ࢀࠊྠࡌࡃࠕึᮇ⊂༨ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ≉チⓗ฼ ᐖ the concessionary interest࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢෆ㒊࡟῝้࡞ᑐ❧ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋ(29) _ࡇࡢᑐ❧

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᚩ⛯ㄳ㈇ேࡣ୍ᒙᅜ⋤౫Ꮡࢆᙉࡵࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐᢠࡋ࡚⊂༨ⓗ㈠᫆఍♫ࡣ㆟఍࡜ᛴ᥋㏆ ࡋ࡚ࠕᨻ␎⤖፧ࠖࢆ⤖ࡪࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ(30) 㛵⛯ᚩ⛯ㄳ㈇ேࡣᚩ⛯㢠࡜ᅜ⋤࡟ᨭᡶ࠺ࣞࣥࢺ㢠࡜ࡢᕪ㢠ࢆࡑࡢ฼₶※࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣞࣥࢺ ࡢ๓ᡶ࠸࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࢻࣂࣥࢫࡢ฼Ꮚࡣᚩ⛯ศ࠿ࡽᕪᘬ࠿ࢀࠊᡓதࡸఏᰁ⑓࡟ࡼࡿᚩ཰ᅔ㞴ศࡣࠕᚩ ཰Ḟᦆࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ಖൾࡉࢀࡓࠋㄳ㈇ேࡣ฼┈ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡑࡢᚩ཰ࡣໃ࠸ⱔⅯ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ(31) ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄳ㈇ே࡬ࡢᢈุࡣᙜ↛኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㈈ᨻ㞴࡟࠶ࡿᅜ⋤ࡣࡑࢀࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿ๓㈚ࡋ㸦࢔ ࢻࣂࣥࢫ㸧ࡣᤞ࡚ࡀࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ୧⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ⒵╔ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᢡࡋࡶᑐࢫ࣌࢖ ࣭ࣥᑐࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᡓதࡢࡓࡵࡢᡓ㈝ㄪ㐩ࡢᅽຊࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࠊ1627 ᖺ 2 ᭶࡟ࠊᯡᐦ㝔ࡣࠊၥ㢟ࡢᖸ ࡋࣈࢻ࢘௜ຍ㛵⛯㸦ࣁࣥࢻࣞࢵࢻ࢙࢘࢖ࢺᙜࡾ 2 ࢩࣜࣥࢢ 2 ࣌ࣥࢫ㸧ࢆᨭᡶࢃ࡞࠸ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ ၟே࡟ᑐࡍࡿἲⓗᥐ⨨ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࠊ୙ᡶ࠸ၟேࡢၟရࢆ⣡⛯࡟ᛂࡌࡿࡲ࡛ᕪᢲ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺㛵⛯ᐁ (customs officers)࡟࿨ࡌࡓࠋ(32) _{㛵⛯ᐁ࡜ㄳ㈇ேࡣᚩ཰ཝ᱁໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚩ⛯㢠ࡢᘬࡁୖࡆࢆࡣ} ࠿ࡾࠊᅜ⋤ࡶ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡸ⛯㏨ࢀࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㍺ධရࡢ┘どࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㛵⛯ᐁ࣭ㄳ㈇ே࡟ཝ࿨ ࡋࡓࠋ(33)_{ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜ⋤ഃࡢ⥾ࡵ௜ࡅᙉ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿၟேഃࡢ཯Ⓨࡣࠊ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆࡢ࡞࠸᪂ࡓ࡞} ㈈ᨻィ⏬㸦ᙉไබമ࣭ᚨ㔠࣭⯪⯧⛯㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯Ⓨ࡜࿧ᛂࡋ࡚ᙉࡲࡗࡓࠋ(34) ᢡ࠿ࡽࡢᑐࢫ࣌࢖ (28) PP,1625,p.309;Wood.op.cit.,pp.87-8.㓇஭ࠗ㈈ᨻྐ࠘129-33 㡫ࠋ (29) ึᮇ⊂༨ࡢㄳ㈇฼ᐖ࡜㈠᫆฼ᐖࡢศ⿣࡞ࡽࡧ࡟㈠᫆ၟே࡜㆟఍࡜ࡢᨻ␎⤖፧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࢆཧ↷ࠋ㓇஭ࠗ㈈ ᨻྐ࠘61-2㺂69-70ࠊ118 㡫ࠋR.Ashton,The City and the Court, 1603-1643 (1979),ch.4.

(30) ὀ(4).ࢻࢵࣈࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕ㆟఍ὴ㝕Ⴀࡢ᭱ྑ⩼ࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋி኱すὒྐ◊✲఍ヂࠗ㈨ᮏ୺⩏Ⓨ㐩ࡢ◊✲࠘ୖᕳ (1954)ࠊ244 㡫ࠋ὾ᯘṇኵࠕࠗึᮇ⊂༨࠘࡜ᕷẸ㠉࿨ࠖࠗ♫఍⤒῭ྐ኱⣔ V࠘(1959)ࠊ23 㡫ࠋ

(31) 㛵⛯ㄳ㈇ேࡢᅜ⋤ᨻᗓ࡜ࡢ⒵╔ࡣࠊ࠿ࢀࡽࡢ኱ⶶ䬃࣑ࢻࣝࢭࢵࢡࢫ఑ࣛ࢖࢜ࢿ࣭ࣝࢡࣛࣥࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ࡬ࡢ ㉗㈥࡟㇟ᚩࡉࢀࡿࠋR.H.Tawney,Business and Politics under James I (1958),pp.257-63;M.Prestwich, Cranfield: Politics and Profits under the Early Stuarts (1966),pp.443-50;C.J.,i,p.764.

(32) Acts of the Privy Council,Jan.-Aug.1627,pp.103-4,136. (33) Calendar of State Papers, Domestic,1627-8,p.256.

(34) 1628 ᖺࡢ⯪⯧⛯ィ⏬࡜ࡑࡢ᩿ᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㓇஭ࠗ⯪⯧⛯࠘276-84 㡫ࠋᙉไබമ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ R.Cust, The Forced Loan and English Politics 1662-1628 (1987).㓇஭ࠕ㈈ᕸࡢᨭ㓄ࠖ107-109 㡫ࠋ

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࣭ࣥᑐࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᡓத࡟ࡼࡿ㈠᫆ࡢΰ஘ࡶ࠶ࡾ㈠᫆ၟேࡢ୙‶ࡣເࡿࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ ᅜ⋤ഃࡣࠊᅜ⋤཰ධࡢ୺せ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿ㛵⛯ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡑࡢ႙ኻࡣ⋤ᅜᏑ⥆ࢆ༴Ṥ࡟㝗ࢀ ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚩ཰ࡢ⥾ࡵ௜ࡅࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ(35) ඛ࡟ぢࡓ㏻ࡾࠊᡓத࡟ࡼࡿ㈠᫆୙᣺ࡀၟே඲యࢆᅽ㏕ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ែࡢ୰࡛ࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢ㐪 ἲᛶࡸࡑࡢᚩ཰࡟ᙜࡿㄳ㈇ேࡢᭀ฼ࡸࢥࣥࢫࢱࣥࢳࣀ࣮ࣉࣝ኱౑㑅௵ᶒࢆࡵࡄࡿࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟ ே࡜ᅜ⋤ࡢ㌵㎚࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆ࡞ࡁ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢᢈุࢆᙉࡵࡿᗢẸ㝔࡜ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟ ேࡀᛴ᥋㏆ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺๓௦ᮍ⪺ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ1628 ᖺ 1 ᭶࡟ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡࡣࡑࡢ➨ 3 ㆟఍ࢆ㛤ࡁ㸦28 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 17 ᪥㛤఍㸧ࠊᡓ㈝ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ẟ⧊≀࡜࣡࢖ࣥࢆ㝖ࡃၟရ࡛௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡀ࠿ ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ၟရ࡬ࡢ㛵⛯ࢆ 2 ಸ໬ࡍࡿṓධἲࡢᥦ᱌ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࠋ(36) _{㆟఍ࡣࠊᙉไබമᣄ} ྰ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕ஬㥽ኈ஦௳ࠖ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿᅜ⋤ഃࡢ㧗ᅽⓗᥐ⨨࡟ᢈุࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௚᪉࡛ࡣࠊ ㆟఍㛤఍ࢆ๓࡟ࠊᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆᣄࡴࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᢞ⊹࡜ᅜ⋤ ᙺே࡟ࡼࡿࡑࡢၟရࡢᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࡣ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜ᕪᢲ࠼࡬ࡢᢈุࢆඛ㗦 ໬ࡉࡏࡓࠋ(37)_{࠿ࡃࡋ࡚㆟఍࡜ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࡢ㐃ᦠࡣ୍ᒙ⌧ᐇ࿡ࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ} 1628 ᖺ➨ 3 ㆟఍࡛ᙜึᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᅜ⋤ࡀᮃࡴࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ࡀࡑࡢ࠺ ࡕᡂ❧ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 1625 ᖺ௨᮶㆟఍ࡢྜពࡢ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᚩ཰ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㛵⛯ࡀ䭧ཬⓗ࡟ྜ ἲ໬ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓ௜ຍ㛵⛯ㄽத࡟ࡶỴ╔ࡀ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ ᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᐃࡢ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢈุࡸ㛵⛯୙ᡶ࠸ၟேࡢᢞ⊹࣭ᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡢၥ 㢟ࡣࠊྲྀࡾᩒ࠼ࡎᮏయࡢࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ࡜ࡣษࡾ㞳ࡉࢀࡓࠋ(38) _{ࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽ} ࢀࡿ᜛ពⓗᢞ⊹࣭ᙉไබമ࣭ᕷẸ࡬ࡢ㌷ἲ㐺⏝࣭රኈᐟἩᙉไ࡞࡝ࡢⱞ᝟ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ ㆟ဨࡽࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆᮏ᮶ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿᾏୖ㜵⾨࣭㈠᫆ㆤ⾨ࡢࡓࡵ࡟᭷ຠ࡟⏝࠸࡞࠿ࡗ ࡓ࡜࠸࠺౑㏵ᢈุࢆࡍࡿ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗࡓࠋᤵ୚ࡉࢀࡓ⛒⛯ࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࣞᓥ㐲ᚁ㸦27 ᖺ 10 ᭶㸧 ࡸࢫ࣌࢖࣭ࣥ࢝ࢹ࢕ࢫ㐲ᚁ㸦25 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸧࡞࡝ࡢ᝺ᩋ࡟⤊ࢃࡗࡓ↓┈࡞సᡓ࡟ᾉ㈝ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ᢈุ ࡍࡿ㆟ဨࡽࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞౪୚せồࡢᢎㄆࢆ῰ࡗࡓࠋ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࢡࢵࢡࡣࠕࡇࡢୖࡉࡽ࡟ᾏୖ㜵⾨ ࡢࡓࡵ࡟౪୚ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡀᡃࠎࡢ㸦gift ᢎㄆ㸧࡞ࡋ࡛ᚩ཰ࡉࢀࡓ࠺࠼ูࡢ ᪉ྥ࡟ὶ⏝ࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢ࡟ࠋࠖ࡜ᢈุࡋࡓࠋࢡࢵࢡࡽࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ࡀࠊࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ 㢪࠘࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ✀ࠎࡢⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࢆᅜ⋤࡟ᢎㅙࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᙉຊ࡞Ṋჾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ༑ศ (35) ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔኱౑ࢥࣥࢱ࣮ࣜࢽࡀࠕ஺᫆ࡢᔂቯ࡜㏵⤯ࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡓ஦ែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࢆཧ↷ࠋCalendar of State Papers, Venetian,1626-8,p.277; B.C.Supple, Commercial Crisis and Change in England,1600-1642 (1970),p.112; Acts of the Privy Council,Jan.-Aug.1627,p.121.

(36) Acts of the Privy Council,Sept.1627-June 1628,p.244.

(37) Common Debates,1628,ed.R.C.Johnson,M.F.Keeler,M.J.Cole and W.B.Bidwell (1977-8),ii,pp.125-7,329-30,iii,pp.173-6.

(38) Ibid.,ii,p.250.

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ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡓࡔࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡀⱞ᝟ᩆ῭ࢆᚓࡿṊჾ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᅜ⋤ṓධࡢᇶᖿࢆ ࡞ࡍྠ⛯ࡢᢎㄆࢆ㐜ᘏࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡚ࡶࡑࢀࢆྰㄆࡋᅜ⋤ࢆ❓ஈ໬ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࢆពᅗ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࠕ౪୚ࡢᢎㄆࠖࡣࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖ࡜୙㞳୍యࡢࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡓ ࡔᩆ῭ࡀ౪୚࡟ඛ⾜ࡍ࡭ࡋ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢㄆ㆑࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ṓධἲ᱌㸦⿵ຓ⛯ἲ࡜ࢺࣥ⛯࣭ ࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ㸧ࡢᢎㄆࡀᘬࡁᘏࡤࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(39) ࡓࡔ 1628 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 9 ᪥࡟ࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣂࣥࢡࢫࡀࡲࡓࡶࡸࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡜௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢၥ㢟 ࡜ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢᣑ኱ࡣ᥍࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ୍ୡࡢ⣙᮰ࡀ◚ࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ ᢈุࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࠊ(40) _{ࡇࡢᢈุࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ㆟఍࡛ࡣࠕ᪂㛵⛯⋡⾲ࠖࢆᅜ⋤㛵⛯ᐁ࠿ࡽ⪺ࡁ⣓ࡋ࡚㆟} ఍⮬ࡽࡀసᡂࡍࡿ᱌ࡀ෌ᾋୖࡋࡓࠋ(41) _{ࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢᚋࠊ5 ᭶㸴᪥ࡲ࡛ᗢẸ㝔࡛ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ} ⛯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽ㆟ࡣ⬥࡟⨨࠿ࢀࠊ᜛ពⓗᢞ⊹࣭ᙉไබമ࣭ᕷẸ࡬ࡢ㌷ἲ㐺⏝࣭රኈᐟἩᙉไ࡞ ࡝ࡢⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࡀㄽ㆟ࡉࢀࠊᅜ⋤ࡀᣄྰࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠕ❧ἲࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕㄳ㢪ࠖ࡜ࡋ ࡚ᅜ⋤࡟ᥦฟࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡀฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ(42)_{࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭࢔ࣝࣇࣞࢵࢻࡣࠊࡇࡢࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘࡟㆟} ఍ࡢྜព࡞ࡁㄢ⛯ᢈุ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ㔜኱࡞ weighty ⱞ᝟ࠖࢆຍ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࠿ࡡ࡚ࠕㅛ ẅⓗ murdering ⱞ᝟ࠖࡔࡅࡀࠗㄳ㢪࠘࡟ධࢀࡽࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜࠸࠺ᣢㄽࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫ ࡀࡇࢀ࡟཯ᑐࡋࡓࠋࣛࢵࢭࣝࡣࠊࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫࡀ཯ᑐࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࢆࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡸ௜ຍ㛵 ⛯ࡢ㠀㆟఍ⓗᚩ཰ࡣᙉไබമࡸ᜛ពⓗᢞ⊹࡟ᑐࡍࡿⱞ᝟ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㔜せᛶ࡜⥭ᛴᛶࢆḞ࠸࡚ ࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫࡀ㆟఍ࡢㄢ⛯ᢎㄆᶒࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ (39) 1628 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡟㸳ࡘࡢ⿵ຓ⛯ࡀᢎㄆࡉࢀࠊ6 ᭶࡟㠀ᢎㄆࢺࣥ⛯࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᚩ཰࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢠ㆟ᩥࡀ㆟Ỵࡉࢀࠊ ྠ 6 ᭶ᅜ⋤ࡀࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࢆཷㅙࡋࡓࠋࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘࡜ࠕ5 ࡘࡢ⿵ຓ⛯ࠖ࡜ࡢྲྀᘬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㓇஭ࠕ㈈ᕸࡢ ᨭ㓄ࠖ111-112 㡫ࠊࠗ⯪⯧⛯࠘195㺃6 㡫ࠊὀ㸦26㸧ࠋ 㛵⛯㸦㛫᥋⛯㸧ࡣ⿵ຓ⛯㸦┤᥋⛯㸧࡜ྠࡌࡃ㆟ᐃ⛯࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㛵⛯ࡣࡑࡢ୰㛫ⓗᛶ᱁ࡢࡓࡵၥ㢟ࡣ」㞧 ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㆟఍ࡀᢎㄆࡍࡿ⛒⛯ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ᡓ㈝࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ᭷ᮇࡢ┤᥋⛯࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋㄢ⛯᰿ᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑐእᡓத ࡀ࣓࢖࡛ࣥ࠶ࡗࡓࡀෆ஘㙠ᅽࡸඛ⋤ࡢ㈇മ㏉῭ࡸ༶఩ᘧ࣭❧ኴᏊࡢ㈝⏝࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡾ᰿ᣐࡀᕼ࡛ⷧ࠶ࢀࡤ࠶ࡿ ࡯࡝ࠕ౪୚ࡢᢎㄆࠖ࡟ࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖࡀ஺᥮᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ㛵⛯ࡣᅜ⋤༶఩᫬࡟័⩦ⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀ ࡿ㆟ᐃ⛯࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ⤊㌟㛫ᤵ୚ࡉࢀࡑࡢ㛫ࠕᅜ⋤⚾㈈ࠖࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓࠋᾏୖ㜵⾨࣭㈠᫆ಖㆤࢆ౑㏵࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊ㏻ᖖࠕ㛵⛯ࡢᢎㄆࠖ࡟᫬ࠎࡢࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖࡀ஺᥮᮲௳࡜♧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 1625 ᖺ௜ ຍ㛵⛯ࡢ㐪ἲᛶㄽ㆟ࡢỴ╔ࢆᚅࡘ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࠿ࡽࠊ㆟఍ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡀ⤊㌟㛫࡛࡞ࡃ 1 ᖺ㝈ࡾ࡜ࡋ ࡓࠋᅜ⋤ࡣࡇࢀࢆ౲㎯࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡎࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡣ㆟఍ᢎㄆࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᅜ⋤ࡣᚩ཰ࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࠋࡇࡢ 㐪ἲ㛵⛯ࡢᚩ཰࡜ἲⓗ␲⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢ୙ᡶ࠸⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᕪᢲ࠼࡟㈠᫆ၟேࡢ୙‶ࡀ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼ㧗ࡲࡗ ࡓࠋ⮬ࡽࡢㄢ⛯ᶒ࡟ᅛᇳࡍࡿ㆟఍࡜㈠᫆ၟேࡢ㐃ᦠࡀ࡞ࡾࡉࡽ࡟↓┈࡞ᡓதᨻ⟇࡟ࡼࡿᙉไබമ࣭᜛ពⓗ㐊 ᤕ࣭㌷ἲ࡟ᕷẸ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝࣭රኈࡢẸᐙᐟἩᙉไ࡬ࡢ୙‶ࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖࡀࠕࢺࣥ⛯࣭ ࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᢎㄆࠖࢆࡍࡿ஺᥮᮲௳࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᡓ㈝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᭷ᮇ┤᥋⛯ࡢᢎㄆ࡜ࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖ࡜ࡢྲྀᘬ࡜ࡣ ඹ㏻㠃࡜┦㐪㠃࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ (40) ๓ฟ 137 㡫ࠋ (41) Popofsky,op.cit.,p.55. (42) ❧ἲ࡟ࡼࡽࡎㄳ㢪࡟ࡼࡗ࡚✀ࠎࡢⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࢆッ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࠕࡩࡘ࠺⚾ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⏝࠸ ࡽࢀࡿᶒ฼ㄳ㢪࡜࠸࠺ᡭẁࢆࠊබⓗ࡞୙᭹ࡢᩆ῭ࢆồࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡿඛ౛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࠖᚑࡗ࡚ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝ ࢬ୍ୡࡀࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࢆᢎㄆࡋ࡚ࡶࠕἲᚊࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࠖᚲせࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࢡࣛ࢖࣒ࢬ㸦ᑠᯇⱱኵ௚ヂ㸧ࠗ࢖ ࢠࣜࢫ᠇ἲྐ࠘(1965)ࠊ159 㡫ࠋ 䠉㻌㻌㻝㻠㻠㻌䠉

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࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ(43)_{࣏࣏ࣇࢫ࣮࢟ࡣࡇࡢࣛࢵࢭࣝࡢぢ᪉ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢈุࡋ࡚࠸} ࡿࠋᗢẸ㝔ࡀࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊྠἲ᱌ࢆ௜ຍ㛵⛯ᢈุ࡜⤡ࡵ࡚㆟ㄽ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㌋㌉ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࡢ㐍䬖ࢆඃඛࡉࡏࡿᨻ἞ⓗุ᩿ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᗢẸ㝔ࡣࡑࡢ೵Ṇࢆᮃࢇࡔᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡢ஘⏝㸦᜛ពⓗᢞ⊹࣭ᙉไබമ࣭ᕷẸ࡬ࡢ㌷ἲ㐺⏝࣭රኈ ᐟἩ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄳ㢪࡜ࠊṓධ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᙼࡽࡀࡑࢀࢆᤵ୚ࡍࡿពᅗࢆࡶࡕࡘࡘࠊࡓࡔࡑࡢᢎ ㄆᶒࡢ෌☜ㄆࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㛵⛯࡟㛵ࡍࡿᢈุ࡜ࢆΰΆࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㑊ࡅࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ཰ධ ⮬యࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࣛࢵࢭࣝㄝ࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ࠊࡑࡢᢎㄆᶒ㸦⟶ᤸᶒ㸧ࡢ☜ಖࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㆟఍ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ㄢ⛯ᢎㄆᶒ࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜ⋤ࡢ❓ஈ໬ࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡢ࡛ ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ(44) _{ࡑࢀࡣᡓத࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡢ஘⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࠕⱞ᝟ࠖ࡜ࡣูࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗ} ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡓ᫬኱ᶒࡢ஘⏝ၥ㢟࡜㠀㆟఍ⓗ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿⱞ᝟࡜ࡀ⤖ྜࡉࢀ࡚ࠗᶒ ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࡢᑂ㆟ࡀ㐍䬖ࡋࡓ 5 ᭶ 17 ᪥࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆ⤖ࡧ ࡘࡅࡿࣂࣥࢡࢫࡢ⪃࠼ࡀཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡓࠋᗢẸ㝔ࡣࠊࡪ࡝࠺㓇࣭ᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘ࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆࡣࡌ ࡵ௜ຍ㛵⛯୍⯡࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶ࢆࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡅ᳨࡚ウࢆ෌㛤ࡋࡓࠋࣦࣞ࢓ࣥ ࢺၟே࠿ࡽฟࡉࢀࡓ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆ㐪ἲ࡜ࡍࡿ㝞᝟ࢆ㆟఍ࡀᅜ⋤࡟ྲྀࡾḟ࠸ࡔࡀࠊᅜ⋤ࡀࡑࢀࢆ↓ どࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊE.ࢡࢵࢡࡣ࣋࢖ࢺ⿢ุ㸦1606 ᖺ㸧࡛ࡢุỴࡀุ஦ࡢ㛫࡛ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ ࡜ࢆᨵࡵ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࡢ㝞᝟ࢆ᥼ㆤࡋࠊࡲࡓࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫࡣ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡀ㐪ἲ࡛ ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ 1610 ᖺ࡜ 14 ᖺࡢ㆟఍Ỵ㆟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ(45) _{ࡉࡽ࡟㆟఍ࡣࠊ㈈ົᗓ఍ィᐁ E.ࢯ࣮} ࣮ࣖ࡜㛵⛯ᒁࡢᙺேཬࡧ㛵ಀࡍࡿ༳ๅᐁ࡟ࠊᨻᗓഃ࡛⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ᪂㛵⛯⋡⾲ࠖࡣ࠸࠿࡞ ࡿᶒ㝈࡛సᡂࡉࢀ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺⣓ࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 6 ᭶ 2 ᪥࡟ᅜ⋤ࡀ ࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡀධࡗ࡚㆟఍ࡣᛴ㑉ࢯ࣮࣮ࣖ⣕ၥࢆ୰ ᩿ࡋࡓࠋ(46) _{ࡋ࠿ࡋࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࡣ⿵ຓ⛯ἲ᱌࡜ࡢ࠿ࡅᘬࡁࡢ୰࡛࡞࠾࿨⬦ࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑ} ࡢ㛫㸦6 ᭶ 5 ᪥࣭6 ᪥㸧㆟఍ࡣࠊࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ᑂ㆟ࡢᡂࡾ⾜ࡁࢆὀどࡋࡘࡘࠊ㆟఍ࡢྜព࡞ࡁ ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ၥ㢟࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᐀ᩍ㸦࢔࣑ࣝࢽࣗ࢘ࢫὴ㸧ၥ㢟ࢆ⤡ࡵ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢠ㆟ᩥసᡂ࡟࠿࠿

(43) ࣛࢵࢭࣝࡢࣇ࢙ࣜࢵࣉࢫ⌮ゎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ Russell, Parliaments and English Politics,p.344.࣮࢞ࢻࢼ࣮ࡣࠊ ᗢẸ㝔ࡀࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡜௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢㄽ㆟࡜ࠗㄳ㢪࠘ㄽ㆟ࢆศ㞳ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊᅜ⋤ࡢᡓதᨻ⟇ࡢ ᅜෆⓗἼཬ㸺ᕷẸ࡬ࡢ㌷ἲ㐺⏝࣭රኈᐟἩᙉไ࣭ᡓ㈝ࡢࡓࡵࡢᙉไබമ࣭ࡑࡢᣄྰ⪅ࡢᢞ⊹㸼ࡢᢚṆࢆồࡵ ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㞟୰ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ࡜ࡾ࠶࠼ࡎᬻᐃⓗ࡞౪୚ࡢᢎㄆ㸦5 ࡘࡢ⿵ຓ⛯㸧ࢆࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᚋㄢ⛯࡟ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡢ ᮏ ᱁ ⓗ ㆟ ㄽ ࡍ ࡿ ᶒ ฼ ࢆ ␃ ಖ ࡋ ࡼ ࠺ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࠿ ࡽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ Gardiner. Constitutional Documents, p.xxi. (44) Popofsky,op.cit.,pp.54-5. (45) C .D.1628,iii,pp.447,450. (46) Ibid.,iii,p.458. 䠉㻌㻌㻝㻠㻡㻌䠉

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ࡗࡓ㸦6 ᭶ 14 ᪥࡟㆟Ỵ㸧ࠋ(47) _{ࡇࢀࢆዎᶵ࡟ᅜ⋤ࡣ 6 ᭶ 7 ᪥࡟ 5 ࡘࡢ⿵ຓ⛯࡜ᘬࡁ᥮࠼࡟ࡘ࠸} ࡟ࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ᫬ࠊ㆟఍ࡣ 1628 ᖺ 2 ᭶࡟ᯡᐦ㝔ࡀᥦ㉳ࡋࡓᾘ㈝⛯ࢆྲྀ ࡾୖࡆ࡚ᢈุࡋࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࡑࡢᚩ཰࡟ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ᚩ㞟ࡋࡓ㥽ර㝲ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ䬉ࡀᗈࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ ㆟ㄽࡣ⇕ࢆᖏࡧࡓࠋE.ࢡࢵࢡࡣࡇࡢᾘ㈝⛯ィ⏬ࢆࠕ㸦㠀㆟఍ⓗ㸧ㄢ⛯࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࢆࡋࡼ࠺ ࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ᅜ⋤㸧኱ᶒࠖࡢ஘⏝࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᢈุࡋࡓࠋ(48) ᅜ⋤ࡀ 5 ࡘࡢ⿵ຓ⛯࡜ᘬࡁ᥮࠼࡟ࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘ࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࠊ6 ᭶ 20 ᪥࡟෌ᗘ㆟ㄽࡢ↔Ⅼࡣࢺ ࣥ⛯࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆ᫂グิᣲࡍࡿࠕ᪂㛵⛯⋡⾲ࠖ࡟⛣ࡗࡓࠋࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ㛵⛯ᚩ཰ᐁ࡛࠿ࡘ㛵⛯ᚩ཰ ㄳ㈇ே࡛࠶ࡿ࢔ࣈࣛࣁ࣒࣭ࢻ࣮ࢬࡣࠊ㆟఍࡛ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ドゝࡋࡓࠋᅜ⋤ࡢ࿨ࢆཷࡅࡓ E.ࢯ࣮ࣖ ࣮ࡣࢻ࣮ࢬ࡜ࡢ༠㆟ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࠊࠕ᪂㛵⛯⋡⾲ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕᅜ⋤ࡣ㸦ࡑ࠺࡜ࡣ▱ࡽࡠ㛫࡟⛯཰ࢆ㸧 ᐜ᫆࡟ಸቑࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࡜ゝ᫂ࡋࡓࠊ࡜ࠋᚩ⛯ᢸᙜ⪅ࡢࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ドゝࡣ㆟఍ࢆ㦫࠿ࡋ ࡓࠋࢺ࣮࣐ࢫ࣭࢙࢘ࣥࢺ࣮࣡ࢫࡽࡢ㆟ဨࡣࢻ࣮ࢬࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ஦ᐇ࡟៽៓ࡋࠊࢯ࣮࣮ࣖࡢゝ㉁ࡣࠕᅜ⋤ࡶ▱ࡾ࠼࡞࠸㐪ἲ⾜Ⅽࠖࢆ♧ࡍࠕ㑧ᝏ࡛៮ࡴ࡭ࡁⓎゝ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ᙉㄪࡋࡓࠋ(49) _ࡇࢀ ࡲ࡛ࡢࠕ㛵⛯⋡⾲ࠖ࡬ࡢᅜ⋤⮬㌟ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡀ࡝࠺࠶ࢀࠊࡑࡢᙺேࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚័⩦ⓗ⛯⋡ࢆࡣࡿ ࠿࡟㉸࠼ࡿ⛯⋡࡛ࠊࠕࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡜࠸࠺㸦୍ࡘࡢ㸧㡯┠㸧࡛ࠖᖺ㢠⣙ 15 ୓࣏ࣥࢻࢆᚓ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊࡋ࠿ࡶ㛵⛯ㄳ㈇ேࡣ஦ᐇୖ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࡽከ㢠ࡢ฼┈ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ(50) 㛵⛯㸦ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯㸧࡜௜ຍ㛵⛯࡜ࡢ༊ูࢆ୙ศ᫂࡟ࡋࠕࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࠖ ࡢྡࡢୗ࡟ྜయࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢㄔពࡀ␲ࢃࢀ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ቑ཰⟇࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋE.ࢡࢵࢡࡣࡇࢀࢆ ࠕ15 ศ௨ෆ࡟ 1 ࢩࣜࣥࢢࢆ 2 ࢩࣜࣥࢢ࡟ࡍࡿࠖ⾡⟇࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᢈุࡋࡓࠋ(51) _{ࡋ࠿ࡋᅜ⋤ࡣࠊࢯ} ࣮࣮ࣖ࡜ࢻ࣮ࢬ࡟ࠕ᪂㛵⛯⋡⾲ࠖࡢసᡂࢆ☜࠿࡟࿨ࡌࡓࡀㄢ⛯ຍ㔜ࡢᣦ♧ࡣࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡋࡓ ࡓࡵࠊᗢẸ㝔ࡣࢯ࣮࣮ࣖࢆഇド⨥࡜ᅜ⋤ࡢᣦ♧࡞ࡃ⾜ືࡋࡓᗮ࡛ᢞ⊹ࡋ௒ᚋ㆟ဨ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ ⚗ࡎࡿᥐ⨨ࢆྲྀࡗࡓࠋ(52) ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄽ㆟ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࡢᡂ❧ࢆ༴࠺ࡃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௜ຍ㛵⛯ၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࢆ⮧Ẹ࡟ࡶᅜ⋤࡟ࡶཷධྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜㆟ ဨࡽࡣㄆ㆑ࡋࡓࠋᗢẸ㝔ࡀ 6 ᭶ 25 ᪥࡟ᅜ⋤࡟ᥦฟࡍࡿᢠ㆟ᩥࡣࠊ㆟఍ࡢᢎㄆ࡞ࡋ࡟ࢺࣥ⛯࣭ (47) Ibid.,iv,p.155. (48) Ibid.,iv,pp.190,314.290n.15,296. (49) C .D.,1628,iv,pp.392-3.ࠕࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢἲࡣࠊἲ࡟⫼ࡃᅜ⋤ࡢ࿨௧ࡣ↓ຠ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢢࣦࣞࣥ࢕ࣝ ࡢពぢࡣᅜ⋤ࡢྍ䭙ᛶࢆㄆࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᙼࡣྠ᫬࡟ᅜ⋤ࡀࡑࡢᙺேࡢ⾜ືࢆ㐪཯࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࡘ ࡘࠊࠕࡶࡋ㐪ἲ࡞࿨௧ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࡑࢀࡣㄗሗ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ៃ࡚࡚௜ゝࡋࡓࠋࢯ࣮࣮ࣖ࡜ࢻ࣮ࢬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㓇஭ࠗ㈈ ᨻྐ࠘103-4㺂243 㡫ཧ↷ࠋ (50) 6 ᭶ 20 ࡟㛵⛯ᚩ⛯ㄳ㈇ேࡣࠕᚩ཰Ḟᦆࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛ᅜ⋤࡟ᖺ㢠 30,000 ࣏ࣥࢻࡢᦆኻࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸ ࠺ࢯ࣮࣮ࣖࡢㄝ᫂ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊࢭࣝࢹࣥࡣࢯ࣮࣮ࣖࡢ௻⏬⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㈐௵ࢆ⣓ࡋࠕ஦๓࡟஦ᐇࡢ㞃䭍ࢆㅛࡗࡓ ㈐௵ࠖࢆ㏣ཬࡋࡓࠋC. D.,1628,iv, pp.392,395, 397,398,400,408. (51) Ibid.,iv,p.413. (52) Ibid.,iv,pp.418-9. 䠉㻌㻌㻝㻠㻢㻌䠉

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࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡸ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆᚩ཰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠕ⋤ᅜࡢᇶᮏⓗ⮬⏤ࢆ◚ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋࡉࡁࡢࠗᶒ฼ࡢ ㄳ㢪࠘࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜ⋤ࡢㅙព࡟ࡶ཯ࡍࡿࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㆟఍ࡣၟே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㸦ᅜ⋤ࡣ㸧ἲࡢ⿬௜ࡅ ࡢ࡞࠸㈿ㄢࡢᨭᡶࢆᣄྰࡍࡿ⮧Ẹ࠿ࡽᝏពࢆᣢࡗ࡚ྲྀ❧࡚ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ッ࠼࡚❧ࡕୖࡀࡿ ࡼ࠺ಁࡋࡓࠋ(53)_{ࡋ࠿ࡋ 6 ᭶ 26 ᪥ࠊᅜ⋤ࡣࡑࡢ㛵⛯㈿ㄢࡀࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘࡟㐪⫼ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞} ࠸࡜ࡋࠊᅜ⋤ࡣ኱ᶒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᕫࡢࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ཰ධࡣࠕ⋤ෙࡢ⳹࡛࠶ࡾࡑࢀ࡞ࡋ࡟ࡣ⮬ ศࡢᏑ❧ࡀ࠿࡞ࢃ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᚩ཰ࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࠋ(54) ࣛࢵࢭࣝࡣࠊ㸦5 ࡘࡢ⿵ຓ⛯ࡣᢎㄆࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸧ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆᗢẸ㝔ࡀᣄྰࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ ࠕ㆟఍ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ㛤ࡁ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㸦⮬ࡽ㸧ゝ࠸࡙ࡽࡃࡋࡓࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(55) _{ࡇࢀࡣࠕ㆟఍ࡣ} ⮬ࡽࢆ㈈ᨻⓗ࡟↓┈࡞ࡶࡢࡓࡽࡋࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜ࡢᅜ⋤⮬㌟ࡢぢ᪉࡜࿧ᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣏࣏ࣇࢫ࢟ ࣮ࡣࠊᗢẸ㝔ࡢᮏពࡣࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᣄྰ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ࡽࢆ㈈ᨻⓗ࡟↓┈࡞ࡶࡢࡓࡽࡋࡵ ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜ⋤࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢྡࡢࡶ࡜࡟௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆᚩ཰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㐪ἲ ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋᅜ⋤࡟ࠗᶒ฼ࡢㄳ㢪࠘࡟⫼ࡃ⾜Ⅽࢆࡸࡵࡿᶵ఍ࢆ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞ ࠸㝈ࡾၟேࡢ⣡⛯ࢫࢺࣛ࢖࢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㆙࿌ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(56) _᠇ἲⓗṇ ⩏ࡢ୺ᙇ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㈈ᨻⓗ㠀༠ຊࡢពᛮ⾲࡛᫂ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡࡣ 1628 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 26 ᪥࡟➨ 3 ㆟఍➨ 1 ఍ᮇࢆ೵఍ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ๓᪥࡟㆟఍ᢎㄆ ࡢ࡞࠸ࢺࣥ⛯㺃࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆ⮬⏤ࡢ◚ቯ࡜ࡍࡿᢠ㆟ᩥࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᗢẸ㝔ࡣࠊࡇࡢ೵఍ᚋ࡟ᅜ⋤ ࡀୗ⊹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢯ࣮࣮ࣖࢆ㔘ᨺࡋࠊ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࢘ࢫὴ⪷⫋⪅ࢆ኱㔞࡟᪼㐍ࡉࡏࡓࡇ࡜࡛ᅜ⋤࡬ࡢ ୙ಙឤࢆ୍ᒙᙉࡵࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᅜ⋤ࡣࠊ28 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢࣂࢵ࣒࢟ࣥ࢞බᬯẅᚋࠊᪧ᮶ࡢᑋ⮧㸦ࣈࣜࢫ ࢺࣝ఑ࠊ࢔ࣛࣥࢹࣝ఑㸧ࢆ᚟ᖐࡉࡏࠊ㞃ࢀ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐࡢࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭࢙࢘ࢫࢺࣥ㸦ᚋࡢ࣏ ࣮ࢺࣛࣥࢻ఑㸧ࢆ኱ⶶ䬃࡟ᢤ䬛ࡋࡓࠋ㆟఍ࡢᅜ⋤୙ಙࡣ୍ᒙເࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ(57) ୍᪉ࠊ㈠᫆ၟேࡢᅜ⋤࠿ࡽࡢ㞳཯ࡶ୍ᒙᙉࡲࡗࡓࠋ1628 ᖺ 7 ᭶࡟ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡣࣇࣛࣥ ࢫ࣭ࣛࣟࢵࢩ࢙ࣝ㐲ᚁⰄ㝲ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ 1 ୓࣏ࣥࢻࡢ㈚௜ࢆᅜ⋤࠿ࡽせồࡉࢀࡓࡀ㈨㔠㞴ࢆ⌮⏤࡟ ᩿ࡗࡓࠋ࣮࢝ࣞ㐲ᚁࡢ㝿࡟ᥦ౪ࡋࡓ⯪⯧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅜ⋤ࡣࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟே࡟ከ㢠ࡢᮍ㏉῭㔠ࡀ࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࡀ⛯㛵࡟ከ㢠ࡢᮍ⣡㔠ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㈨㔠ⓗᅽ㏕ࢆ⌮⏤࡟ࣦࣞ (53) Ibid.,iv,p.471. (54) Ibid.,iv,pp.471,482.ࡇࡢ኱ᶒ࡜ࢡࣛ࢖࣒ࢬࡢゝ࠺ࠕ᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓᶒ฼ࠖ࡜ࡢ␗ྠ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚➹⪅ࡣ ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࡣࠕࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬࡣ㆟఍ࡢ༠㈶ࢆ⤒࡞࠸ㄢ⛯ࢆ⾜࠺ᶒ฼ࢆᨺᲠࡋࡓࡀࠊ័⩦ୖࠊ౫↛࡜ ࡋ࡚⋤ᶒ࡟ᨭᡶࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓㄢ⛯ࢆྲྀࡾ❧࡚ࡿᶒ฼ࢆ␃ಖࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ୰࡟ᄊ⛯ࠊ☣⛯ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࠗ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜẸࡢṔྐ᏶࠘58 㡫ࠋ

(55) Russell, Parliaments and English Politics,p.388.

(56) Popofsky,op.cit.,p.58.ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࡣࠕᗢẸ㝔ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ㛵⛯ࡢ୙ἲᚩ㞟࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ୙ᙜࡀ㝖࠿ࢀࡡࡤࠊ ࡇࡢ⛯࡟༠㈶ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᘏᮇࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ែᗘࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࣭࣭ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣄྰ refuse ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛࡞ࡃᘏ ᮇ defer ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜẸࡢṔྐ᏶࠘60 㡫ࠋ (57) C.S.P.V.,1628-9,pp.394-5,no.566. ࡓࡔࡇࡢே஦ᨵ㐀࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᡓ㈝⦰ῶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜ ࡢㅮ࿴ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋ 䠉㻌㻌㻝㻠㻣㻌䠉

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࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢ㈚௜せồࢆ᩿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓᮾ࢖ࣥࢻ఍♫ࡶࠊᅜ⋤࠿ࡽࡢ 1 ୓࣏ࣥࢻࢆ 3 㐌㛫 ೉ࡾཷࡅࡿせㄳࢆ᩿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ⋤㈚௜ࢆᣄྰࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࢺ࣮࣐ࢫ࣭ࢫ࢙࢘ࢫ࢘࢕ࢵࢡ࡞ࡿே ≀࡟ࡼࡿᮾ࢖ࣥࢻ఍♫ᨷᧁࡀࠊ㠀≉ᶒၟேࡢࡶࡄࡾ㈠᫆࡟ࡼࡿ฼┈ࡢ୍㒊ࢆᅜ⋤࡟ୖ⣡ࡍࡿィ ⏬ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᅜ⋤⮬㌟࡟ࡼࡿ㈠᫆⊂༨◚ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ8 ᭶࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫࡟ࡲࡓࡶᅽຊࡀ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ ࡼ࠺࡟࡜ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ദಁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ஧ࡘࡣࠊࠕⲴᥭࡆࡉࢀ⛯ࢆᡶࢃࡎ࡟㘄ࡢ࠿࠿ࡿᏳ඲࡞಴ᗜ࡟㐠ࡧ ཤࡽࢀࡿᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘ࢆᕪࡋᢲࡉ࠼ࡼࠖ࡜ࡢᣦ♧ࡀ㛵⛯ᐁ࡟ฟࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(58) ㈠᫆ၟே࡜ᅜ⋤ᨻᗓ࡜ࡢ࡟ࡽࡳྜ࠸ࡣ 9 ᭶࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ᭀⓎࡋࡓࠋ㛵⛯ᐁ࡟⮬ศࡓࡕࡢၟရࢆᕪ ᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⣙ 30 ྡࡢၟேࡀ⛯㛵ࡢ಴ᗜ࡟ᢲࡋධࡾᕪᢲ࠼ရࡢ኱༙ࢆᣢࡕཤࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࠕᭀᣲࠖ࡟ຍࢃࡗࡓ⪅࡟ࡣࠊ㛵⛯ㄳ㈇࠿ࡽ᤼㝖ࡉࢀࡓ࣮ࣔࣜࢫ࣭࢔࣎ࢵࢺࡸ࢘࢕ࣜ࢔࣒࣭ ࣮࢙࢞࢘࢖࡞࡝ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫࡜ᮾ࢖ࣥࢻ఍♫ࡢ⌮஦ࢆ໅ࡵࡿ⿱⚟࡞ၟேࡀ࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࢧ࣑ࣗ ࢚࣭ࣦࣝ࢓ࢧࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡟ 1626-7 ᖺࡢᙉไබമ୙㈙⪅ࡶ࠸ࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫࡜ᮾ࢖ࣥ ࢻ఍♫ࡢ⌮஦ࡢࢽࢥࣛࢫ࣭࣮ࣜࢺࡸࠊ⩣ 29 ᖺ㆟఍࡛ᕪᢲ࠼ရྲྀᡠࡋၥ㢟ࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ ࡿࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟே࡟ࡋ࡚㆟ဨ࡛࠶ࡿࢪ࣭࣮ࣙࣥࣟࣝࡶຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᨻᗓࡣࡇࡢࠕᭀᣲࠖ࡟ᑐ ࡋ࡚ᾏ㌷ࢆฟືࡉࡏࡓࠋࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࡢၟရࡀࡇࡢ᫬᪂ࡓ࡟㛵⛯ᐁ࡟ᕪᢲ ࡉ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(59) ࡲࡓᯡᐦ㝔ࡣ㛵⛯୙ᡶ࠸ࡢࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭ࢳ࢙ࣥࣂ࣮ࢬࢆႏ ၥࡋࡓࠋࢳ࢙ࣥࣂ࣮ࢬࡣࠕ㸦ၟேࡀ㸧࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡯࡝ᦢྲྀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢺࣝࢥ࡛ ࡣၟேࡣࡶࡗ࡜ඃ㐝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ࡜ᢠᘚࡋࡓࡓࡵ౲㎯⨥࡛ᢞ⊹ࡉࢀࡓࠋ(60) ᨻᗓࡣ ᖺ ᭶ࡢࠕᭀᣲࠖ࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓ཯ᢠⓗၟேࡢッ㏣࡟࡜ࡾ࠿࠿ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ ᭶࡟ ෌㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ➨㸱㆟఍➨ ఍ᮇࢆ⩣ᖺ㸯᭶ࡲ࡛ఙࡤࡋࡓࠋ౲㎯⨥࡛ᢞ⊹ࡉࢀࡓࢳ ࢙ࣥࣂ࣮ࢬࡣࠊ10 ᭶ 23 ᪥࡟ಖ㔘㔠ࢆᨭᡶࡗ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㔘ᨺࡉࢀࡓࠋ㔘ᨺᚋ┤ࡕ࡟ࢳ࢙ࣥࣂ࣮ ࢬࡣ⛯ࡢ୙ᡶ࠸ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᕪᢲ࠼ࡽࢀࡓᙼࡢၟရࡢྲྀᡠࡋ࡟࠿࠿ࡗࡓࠋྲྀᡠࡋࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣟࣥ ࢻࣥࡢࢩ࢙ࣜࣇ⿢ุᡤ࡟ࠕཎ≧ᅇ᚟௧≧㸦a writ of replevin㸧ࠖࢆ⏦ㄳࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࢀࡣ㈈ົ ᗓ⿢ุᡤ࠿ࡽࡢᣦ௧࡛┤ࡕ࡟ᣄ⤯ࡉࢀࡓࠋ(61) _{ࢪ࣭࣮ࣙࣥࣟࣝࡶࠕཎ≧ᅇ᚟௧≧ࠖࢆ⏦ㄳࡋࡓࡀࠊ}

ᅜ⋤ࡣᕪᢲရ࡟ᡤ᭷ᶒ㸦a presumed right㸧ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛㈈ົᗓ⿢ุᡤࡣࡑࢀࢆ ᣄྰࡋࡓࠋ(62) _{ࡓࡔၟேࡢཎ≧ᅇ᚟ࡢッ࠼ࡀᣄྰࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ㈈ົᗓ⿢ุᐁࡣᙜヱ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿ}

(58) Ashton, City and the Court,p.127;Acts of the Privy Council,July.1628-Apr. 1629,p.98.

(59) V.Pearl, London and the Outbreak of the Puritan Revolution: City Government and National Politics (1961) ,p.316.

(60) 㓇஭ࠗ㈈ᨻྐ࠘1 01,112,177 㡫ࠋ

(61) Acts of the Privy Council,July.1628-Apr. 1629,p.170. (62) Historical Collections, ed. Rushworth,i,pp.641-2; C .D., 1629.

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ᅜ⋤ࡢᶒ฼ၥ㢟ࡣᚤጁ࡞ㄽⅬ࡛࠶ࡾḟࡢ㆟఍࡛ㄽ㆟ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ(63) _{ၟேࡽࡣ᢬ᢠ} ࢆ⥆ࡅࠊࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢၟேࡣၟရࢆ㞃ࡋ࡚(lie)࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅜ⋤ࡢࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᚩ཰ࡀྜἲ໬ࡉ ࢀࡿࡲ࡛ᙜヱ⛯ࢆᨭᡶࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᵓ࠼ࢆᔂࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ(64) ஦ᐇࠊከࡃࡢၟேࡣ⛯ࢆᨭᡶࢃ ࡎ࡟㍺ධၟရࡢᦙධࢆ⥆ࡅࠊࡇࢀࡣ㈈ົᗓࡀᕪᢲ࠼ရ㏉㑏ࢆᣄྰࡋࡓᚋࡢ 29 ᖺࡢ㆟఍㛤఍୰ ࡶ⥆࠸ࡓࠋࣛࢵࢭࣝࡣࠊࠕࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡣ㆟఍ࡀᢎㄆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ࡑࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆ ᣄྰࡍࡿၟேࡢᩘࡣᑡᩘ࡛㸦ࡋ࠿ࡶ㸧ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㆟఍࡟ࡼࡿᙜヱ⛯ࡢᢎ ㄆࡶ࡞࠸≧ែ࡛ࠊᕪᢲ࠼ရࡢ⌧≧ᅇ᚟ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎၟேࡢ᢬ᢠࡣṆࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊᗢẸ㝔࡛ࡣ 5 ⓒྡࡶࡢၟேࡀၟရᕪᢲࡉ࠼ࢆⵚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡶ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ(65)_{㛵⛯ࢆᨭᡶࢃࡎ} ᐦ㍺ධࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࡢࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࢫ࡜ࣂ࣮ࢯ࣑࣮࣭ࣟࣗࢠ࣐ࣝࣥࡢ୧ྡ ࡶࠊᯡᐦ㝔ࡢ࿨௧࡛㐊ᤕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦28 ᖺ 12 ᭶㸧ࠋ(66) ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ேࢧࣝ࣋ࢵࢸ࢕ࡣࠊ1628 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࡢグ㘓࡛ࠕ⯪ဨ࡜ᅜ⋤㝎ୗࡢ㛵⛯ᐁ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛᪥ࠎதㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⯪ဨࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ⛯ ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆᣄྰࡋࠊ㆟఍ࡣ⌧ᅜ⋤ࡢ∗࡟࡞ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟⌧ᅜ⋤࡟ࡣ⛯ࡢᢎㄆࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡜ゝ࠸ᙇࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ࡜グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(67) _{ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ᐇ࠿ࡽࠕ⛯ࡢ୙ᡶ࠸⪅ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡋ࠿ࡶῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ} ࡜࠸࠺ࣛࢵࢭࣝࡢㄆ㆑ࡣࠊ㆟఍ࡢㄢ⛯ᶒ࡜࠸࠺᠇ἲཎ๎ࡀሀᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㍍どࡍࡿ஦ᐇ ㄗㄆ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ⩣ 1629 ᖺ 1 ᭶࡟ࠊࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡣಶࠎࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡟㏿ࡸ࠿࡟㛵⛯ᨭᡶࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺╩ಁࡍ ࡭ࡋ࡜࠸࠺ᯡᐦ㝔ࡢ㏻㐩ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࡑࢀ࡟ᛂࡎࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࣁࣥࢻࣞࢵ ࢻ࢙࢘࢖ࢺᙜࡾ㸰ࢩࣜࣥࢢ 2 ࣌ࣥࢫࡢ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࡞ࡃᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘࡟ᑐࡍࡿ඲㛵⛯ࡢ୙ᡶ ࠸ࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࠋ኱ᶒⓗㄢ⛯࡛࠶ࡿ௜ຍ㛵⛯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚୙ᡶ࠸ࡢ᢬ᢠࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺ఍♫ࡀࠊ ㆟఍ᢎㄆࢆᚓ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࡶ೵Ṇࡋࠊᢲ཰ࡉࢀࡓᕪᢲ࠼ၟရࡢྲྀᡠࡋ࡟ ⢭ຊࢆὀ࠸ࡔࠋࡇࢀࢆᶵ࡟㠀㆟఍ⓗㄢ⛯࡬ࡢ᢬ᢠࡣࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟேࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚㈠᫆ၟே඲య ࡟ᗈࡲࡗࡓࠋ28 ᖺ࠿ࡽ⩣ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 3 ㆟఍ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᢎㄆࢆ୺ せㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ㏫࡟ᅜ⋤ࡣ㝕ᐜࢆᩚ࠼ࡓၟேࡢࠕ⣡⛯ࢫࢺࣛ࢖࢟ࠖ࡟┤㠃 ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

(63) Gardiner, History of England ,vii,p.6. (64) Popofsky,op.cit.,p.60.

(65) Russell, Parliaments and English Politics,p.400;C.D., 1629,,p.198. (66) Acts of the Privy Council,July.1628-Apr. 1629,p.293.

(67) Popofsky,op.cit.,pp.60,n.62;C. S. P. V.,1628-9,p. 502,no.708.

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三．納税拒否者差押え問題と国王･関税官（請負人）分離案の挫折

࣭࣭ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 3 ㆟఍➨㸰఍ᮇ࣭࣭ 㛵⛯୙ᡶ࠸ၟேࡢッ㏣ࡢࡓࡵᘏᮇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ୍ୡ➨ 3 ㆟఍➨㸰఍ᮇ㸦1629 ᖺ 1 ᭶~3 ᭶㸧ࡣࠊၟேࡢ㨚✚ࡋࡓ୙‶ࡀ⾲ฟࡍࡿ⤯ዲࡢ⯙ྎ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ୍Ẽ࡟᠇ἲⓗ༴ᶵ࡬࡜㐍ࡴࡇ ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ᢎㄆࡀ㆟஦࡟ୖࢀࡤࡑࢀ࡟ᑐᢠࡋ࡚ၟேࡢⱞ᝟ࡢ⾲᫂ࡀฟࡉࢀ ࡓࠋၟேࡢⱞ᝟ࡣ㆟఍࡟࠾࠸࡚㠀㆟఍ⓗ㛵⛯ᢈุ࡜ࡋ࡚௦ᘚࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣ 1610 ᖺ࡟ಋୖ࡟ୖ ࡀࡗࡓ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡢྜἲᛶၥ㢟࡜ࡶ㛵ಀ࡙ࡅ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋၟேࡢࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖࡢッ࠼ࡣࠊ ᗢẸ㝔ࡀᅜ⋤཰ධࡢ᭱㔜せ㒊㛛࡛࠶ࡿ㛵⛯ࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡢᙧែ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᭷ຠ࡞ᢎㄆᶒ㸦⟶ᤸᶒ㸧ࢆ ồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛኱ᶒⓗ㸦㠀㆟఍ⓗ㸧ㄢ⛯ࢆ⤊ࢃࡽࡏࡿ᪉ྥᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ(68) ࣦࣞ࢓ࣥࢺၟே࡛㆟ဨ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࢪ࣭࣮ࣙࣥࣟࣝࡣࠊ㛵⛯୙ᡶ࠸ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᕪᢲ࠼ࡽࢀࡓၟရࡢ ࠕཎ≧ᅇ᚟௧≧ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿྲྀᡠࡋࡀ࠿࡞ࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ➨୕㆟఍➨ 2 ఍ᮇࡢึࡵ࡟ッ࠼ࡓࠋ ࣮ࣟࣝࡢッ࠼ࡣࠊᕪᢲ࠼ရ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㆟ဨ≉ᶒ࡜࠸࠺ᙉࡳࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࣮ࣟࣝࡢッ࠼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡢ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵ 1 ᭶ 22 ᪥࡟ጤဨ఍ࡀ㑅ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢭࣝࢹࣥࡸࢪ࣭࢚ࣙࣥࣜ࢜ࢵ ࢺࡽᗢẸ㝔ᣦᑟ⪅ࡣࠊ࣮ࣟࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ㆟ဨ≉ᶒ㸦privilege㸧ࡢ୺ᙇࡣ୍⯡⮧Ẹࡢ㈈⏘ᶒ㸦property rights㸧࡜ࡶ㐃ືࡍࡿ᠇ἲⓗ㔜せᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆᶵ࡟ၟே඲యࡢࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖ࡟㆟ ఍ࡀᑾຊࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋ(69) ㆟఍ࡣ࣮ࣟࣝࡢ㆟ဨ≉ᶒࡢッ࠼ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ㆟ဨ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣟࣝࡢ ၟရᕪᢲ࠼ࡣ㛵⛯ᐁ(ㄳ㈇ே)ࡢ㆟఍࡟ᑐࡍࡿෑ℔࡛࠶ࡾࡑࡢᘚ᫂ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ྊႏࡍࡿᵓ࠼ࢆ♧ ࡋࡓࠋ1 ᭶ 24 ᪥࡟ᅜ⋤ࡣࡇࡢືࡁ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㛵⛯ࡢྜἲᛶㄽ㆟ࢆࡣࡄࡽ࠿ࡍࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢆࡋࡓࠋࡲ ࡎࠊ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢ἞ୡෑ㢌࠿ࡽࡢᚩ཰ࢆἲⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡿᚑ᮶ࡢ᪉ἲ࣭࣭ࠕඛ௵⪅ ࡀࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡾ᭿ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡶࡑ࠺ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿἲࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲ࣭࣭࡛ࠖᢎㄆ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ồࡵࡓࠋ⥆ࡅ࡚ᅜ⋤ࡣࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜ⋤኱ᶒࢆ୺ᙇࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡓࡔࡑࡢ⛯ࡢࠕᚲせᛶ(necessity)ࠖࡢࡳࢆッ࠼ࡓࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ(70) ࡇࡢࠕ1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ (68) 㛵⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢎㄆᶒ࣭⟶ᤸᶒࢆ㆟఍ࡀྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࠕⱞ᝟ࡢᩆ῭ࠖࢆ᮲௳࡟ࠕ౪୚ࡢᢎㄆ(grant of supply)ࠖࢆ⾜࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㛵⛯ࡣ༶఩᫬࡟័⩦ⓗᢎㄆࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ࠿ࡽࠕᅜ ⋤⚾㈈ࠖ࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠕṓධࡢᢎㄆ(grant of support)ࠖ࡜ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢ⤯ᑐ ⓗ኱ᶒࡢ⾜౑࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࡑࢀࢆ㆟ᐃ⛯࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ๻ⓗ࡞ኚ᭦࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᮏ᮶ࡢ㛵⛯㸦ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥ ࢻ⛯㸧ࡣ㆟఍ࡀ⤊㌟㛫ᢎㄆࡍࡿ័⩦࡟ᣐࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋὀ㸦39㸧࡛㏙࡭ࡓ㏻ࡾ 1625 ᖺࡢ㆟఍ࡀ௜ຍ㛵⛯ㄽ㆟ࡀ ゎỴࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⮫᫬ᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆ 1 ᖺ㛫࡟㝈ࡾᢎㄆࡋࡓࡀࠊᅜ⋤ࡀࡑࢀࢆ౲㎯࡜ࡋ࡚ᣄྰࡋ㆟఍ᢎㄆ ࡢ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࡢᚩ཰ࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࠋᅜ⋤ࡣࡑࢀࢆᅜ⋤኱ᶒ࡟ࡼࡿ㸦࠿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ᫬ຠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓ ࡓᶒ㝈ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㐪ἲᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㆟఍ࡣࡑࢀࢆ㆟఍ࡢㄢ⛯ྜពᶒ౵ᐖ࡜ྲྀ ࡾࠊ඲㛵⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㆟఍ྜពᶒࡢ☜ㄆࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ

(69) ࢪ࣭࣮ࣙࣥࣟࣝࡢၟရࡢᕪᢲ࡜ࠕྲྀᡠッゴࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࢆཧ↷ࠋcf.D.S.Berkowitz, John Selden’s Formative Years Politics and Society in Early Seventeenth-Century England (1988),pp.213-7;P.Christianson, Discourse on History, Law, and Governance in the Public Career of John Selden, 1610-1635(1996),pp.166-76; C. D., 1629, p.8.

(70) Ibid.,p.11.ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬࡣ㆟఍࡟ᢎㄆࡍࡿᶒ฼ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᢎ▱ࡢୖ࡛ࠊࠕᚲせࠖࢆ⌮⏤࡟ᅜ⋤኱ᶒ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ᚩ཰ࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࡀࠊࣁࣜࢫࡣࠊྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ୰ୡ࡟ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ஧ୡࠊ࣊ࣥࣜᅄୡࠊ࢚ࢻ

(20)

ࡢᅜ⋤ࡢゝ᫂ࠖࡣࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆࠕᶒ฼ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕᚲせࠖࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟ồࡵࡿࡶࡢ ࡛ᅜ⋤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ㆡṌࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡣ㆟఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛵⛯ࡢྜἲᛶㄽ㆟ࢆ஺ࢃ ࡑ࠺࡜࠸࠺≺࠸ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᗢẸ㝔ࡣࡑࢀ࡟ືࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜ⋤ࡀ௜ຍ㛵⛯ࢆࢺࣥ ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆᢎㄆࡍࡿἲᚊ࡟ྵࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㆙ᡄࡋ࡚ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࡢᡂ❧ࢆᘏࡤࡑ࠺࡜ ࡋࡓࠋ1 ᭶ 26 ᪥࡟ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ࢆㄞ఍࡟࠿ࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᅜົ䬃ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢡࢵࢡࡢᥦ᱌ࢆ ᣄྰࡋࡓࠋᗢẸ㝔ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ㄽ㆟ࢆ㐜ᘏࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟᐀ᩍၥ㢟㸦࢔࣑ࣝࢽ ࢘ࢫὴၥ㢟㸧࡟㆟ㄽࢆࡑࡽࡋࡓࠋࠕ᐀ᩍၥ㢟ࡣ᭿ࡢၥ㢟(my affairs࣭࣭ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲࡢ᥇ Ỵ࣭࣭ᘬ⏝⪅)ࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣወጁ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᅜ⋤ࡣ㆟఍ࡢ≺࠸ࢆ㠀㞴ࡋࡓࠋ (71) _{ࡑࡢᚋ 2 㐌㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡿ࢔࣑ࣝ࢘ࢫὴㄽ㆟ࡣఱࡢᡂᯝࡶ࡞ࡃ཰᮰ࡋࠊ1629 ᖺ 2 ᭶ึࡵ࡟㆟఍} ࡣ෌ࡧ㈈ᨻၥ㢟࡟ᡠࡗࡓࠋ(72) ᗢẸ㝔ࡣࠊ⛯୙ᡶ࠸ၟேࡢၟရࡀᕪᢲ࠼ࡽࢀࡑࢀࢆࠕཎ≧ᅇ᚟௧≧ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྲྀᡠࡍヨࡳࡀ ᣄྰࡉࢀࡓ⤒⦋ࢆ⢭ᰝࡋࠊྲྀᡠࡋ୙ྍࡢỴᐃࢆࡋࡓ㈈ົᗓ࡜ᕪᢲ࠼ရࢆ␃ࡵ⨨࠸ࡓ㛵⛯ᐁ(ㄳ㈇ ே)࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡇࢇࡔࠋၥ㢟ࡣḟࡢ 2 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ➨ 1 ࡣࠊࠕᅜ⋤࡟ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡟ᑐ ࡍࡿᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࡢᅜ⋤ࡢゝ᫂ࠖ࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊၟရᕪᢲ࠼ࡣᩆ῭㸦ཎ≧ ᅇ᚟㸧ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨ 2 ࡣࠊ㛵⛯ㄳ㈇ே࡟ࡼࡿၟရᕪᢲ࠼ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢㄆྍࢆᚓࡓࡢ࠿ ࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᅜົ㛗ᐁࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢡࢵࢡࡀࠕ1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࡢᅜ⋤ࡢゝ᫂ࠖࢆ↓ どࡋ࡚ࠕࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡣ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ゝ࠸ฟࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㆟఍ࡣཝࡋ࠸ ཯ㄽࢆࡋࠊࢡࢵࢡ࡟ㅰ⨥ࢆồࡵ࢚ࣜ࢜ࢵࢺࡣࠕ㆟఍࡟㆟ᖍࢆᣢࡘ㈨᱁࡞ࡋࠖ࡜㠀㞴ࡋࡓࠋ(73) _㆟ ఍ࡣ⩣㐌ࠊ࣮ࣟࣝࠊࢳ࢙ࣥࣂ࣮ࢬࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࡽ୙ᡶ࠸ၟே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈈ົᗓ࡜ᫍᐊᗇࡢ㉳ッ㸦information㸧ࢆ᳨ドࡋࠊᫍᐊᗇࡢ㉳ッ≧ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ࢆᶒ฼࡜ࡋ࡚࡛࡞ࡃᚲせᛶ࡟ࡼ ࡗ࡚ồࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ1 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࡢᅜ⋤ࡢゝ᫂ࠖ࡜▩┪ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ(74)_{ၟேࡀᨭᡶ࠸ࢆᣄྰࡋࡓ} ⛯࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅜ⋤኱ᶒࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᅜ⋤ࡀㄆࡵࡓ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎᅜ⋤ࡢᙺேࡀ࡞ࡐᕪᢲ࠼ࡲ࡛ࡍ ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋᗢẸ㝔ࡢゝ࠸ศࡣࠊ㈈ົᗓࡢᣦ♧ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠕၟရࡢἐ཰ࡣࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯㸦ࡢ୙ ᡶ࠸㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ௒ࡢሙྜࠊࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㆟఍ ࡢᢎㄆࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡇࡢ័౛ࡣ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ(75)

࣡ ࣮ ࢻ ᅄ ୡ ࡢ ஦ ౛ ࢆ ᣲ ࡆ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ G.L.Harriss,’Medieval Doctrines in the Debates on Supply’, K.Sharpe (ed.),Faction and Parliament,(1978),p.98.

(71) ᅜົ䬃ࢡࢵࢡࡣ 1 ᭶ 28 ᪥࡟ࠕ᐀ᩍၥ㢟ࢆඃඛࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ぢࡏ࠿ࡅ࡛ࢺࣥ⛯࣭࣏ࣥࢻ⛯ἲ᱌ࢆඛᘏࡤࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ᅜ⋤ࡣẼ௜࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋC. D.,1629, pp.32,247.

(72) C.Thompson, ’Divided Leadership of the House of Commons’, Sharpe(ed.),Faction and Parliament, pp.282-3.

(73) C. D., 1629, pp.32-3. (74) Ibid.,pp.137-8. (75) Ibid.,pp.62-3,142-4.

チャールズ一世第3議会第2会期の関税論議 (マング・マング・ルウィン教授 退職記念号)