E・M・フォースターと二つの世界大戦





㹃࣭㹋࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮࡜஧ࡘࡢୡ⏺኱ᡓ

๬ᣢ ῄ

,㸬ᗎ

E࣭M࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ (Edward Morgan Forster, 1879-1970) ࡣ㸪ࣦ࢕ࢡࢺࣜ࢔ᮅᮎᮇࡢ

1879ᖺ1᭶1᪥㸪ࣟࣥࢻࣥ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋࢣࣥࣈࣜࢵࢪࡢ࢟ࣥࢢࢫ࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࡟㐍ࡳ㸪ྂ඾࡜Ṕ

ྐࢆᏛࡧ㸪༞ᴗᚋ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᅵᆅࢆ᪑ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡀᑠㄝㄌ⏕ࡢ※Ἠ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔᪑⾜ࡀ࢖

ࢱࣜ࢔୰ୡࡢሪࡀṧࡿ⏫ࣔࣥࢸࣜ࢔࣮ࣀ㸦ࣔࢹࣝࡣࢧ࣭ࣥࢪ࣑ࢽ࣮ࣕࣀ㸧ࢆ⯙ྎࡢ୍㒊࡟ࡋ

ࡓᑠㄝࠗኳ౑ࡶ㋃ࡴࢆᜍࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࠘

(Where Angels Fear to Tread, 1905) ཬࡧࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫ

ⱁ⾡ࡢ⏫ࣇ࢕ࣞࣥࢶ࢙ࢆ⯙ྎࡢ୍㒊࡟ࡋࡓᑠㄝࠗ═ࡵࡢ࠸࠸㒊ᒇ࠘

(A Room with a View,

1908) ࡟㸪ࢯ࣮ࣝࢬ࣮࣋ࣜゼၥࡀᑠㄝࠗ࠸࡜㛗ࡁ᪑㊰࠘(The Longest Journey, 1907) ࡟㸪ࢻ

࢖ࢶ㸦ࣉࣟ࢖ࢭࣥ㸧ゼၥ࡜ᅾࡀᑠㄝࠗࣁ࣮࣡ࢬ࣭࢚ࣥࢻ࠘(Howards End, 1920) ࡟㸪࢖ࣥ

ࢻ᪑⾜࡜⸬⋤ࡢ⛎᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᅾࡀᑠㄝࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘(A Passage to India, 1924) ࡟࢔࢖

ࢹ࢔ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋゼࢀࡓᅵᆅࡀᣢࡘຊࡀసᐙ࡟࢖ࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ

୚࠼㸪Ⓩሙே≀ࡀࡑࡢᅵᆅࡢ㟋ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ≀ㄒ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ

࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡀ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ࡟ཧᡓࡍࡿ┤๓㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪Ṛᚋฟ∧࡜࡞ࡿࠗࣔࣜࢫ࠘

(Maurice, 1971) ࡢⲡ✏ࢆ㸪1913ᖺ࠿ࡽ1914ᖺ㸦ࡶࡋࡃࡣ1910ᖺ࠿ࡽ1912ᖺ㸧

_{࡟㸪ᇳ➹ࡋ}

ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᑠㄝࡢ୰࡛㸪␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほࡢ⾪✺࡜㸦ᑠㄝ୰ࡢ㸧⌧ᐇୡ⏺࡛ࡢಶேⓗே㛫㛵

ಀ (personal relationship) ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࿴ྜࢆヨࡳ࡚ࡁࡓసᐙࡣ㸪ࠗࣔࣜࢫ࡛࠘ࡣᙜ᫬ࡢୡ㛫࡟

ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸㛵ಀࢆ㑅ࢇࡔ஧ேࡢ⏨ᛶ୺ேබࢆ᳃ࡢ୰࡟㏨㑊ࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡀ࢖

ࣥࢻࢆᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬௦࡟࢖ࢠࣜࢫே࡜࢖ࣥࢻேࡢ཭᝟ࡣྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࠿ࢆၥ࠺ࡓࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ

㐨࠘(1924) ௨ᚋ㸪␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほࡢ⾪✺ᚋࡢ⌧ᐇୡ⏺࡛ࡢ࿴ྜࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࢆṆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

஧ࡘࡢୡ⏺኱ᡓࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ᝟ໃ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪

᪑ඛࡸ㉱௵ᆅ࡛ࡢయ㦂ࡶࡩࡲ࠼࡚㸪➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ࡜➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢᡓ㛫ᮇ㸪ᡓ୰㸪ࡑࡋ

࡚ᡓᚋ࡟㸪ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࡢ኱ษࡉࢆッ࠼㸪ᖇᅜ୺⩏ࡸ␗ᩥ໬࣭␗ᩥ᫂࡬ࡢ೫ぢࢆཝࡋࡃ⣕ᙎࡍ

ࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ホㄽࢆᇳ➹ࡋ㸪ㅮ₇ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏ✏ࡣ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢṔྐᴫㄝ᭩ࠗ࢔ࣞࢡࢧ

ࣥࢻࣜ࢔̾̾̾Ṕྐ࡜᱌ෆ࠘(Alexandria: A History and a Guide, 1922)㸪ホㄽ㞟ࠗ࢔ࣅࣥࢪࣕ

࣮ࡢ཰✭࠘(Abinger Harvest, 1936) ࡜ࠗẸ୺୺⩏࡟୓ṓ஧ၐ࠘(Two Cheers for Democracy,

1951) ࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿṔྐ࣭ᡓத㛵㐃ࡢホㄽཬࡧᑠㄝࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘(1924) ࢆ୺࡞ᡭ᥃

࠿ࡾ࡟㸪సᐙࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᡓத࡜ᡓᚋࡢୡ⏺࡟ྥࡁྜ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛

࠶ࡿࠋࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ᡓ᫬୰࠿ࡽᡓᚋࡢୡ⏺ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪ホㄽࡸᨺ㏦㸪ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤࡟㛵ࢃࡿ

఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ୡ⏺ࡢᅜࠎࡢඹᏑ࡜ேࠎࡢ┦஫⌮ゎ࡜࠸࠺㞴㢟࡟❧ࡕྥ࠿࠺ࡓࡵ࡟

ࡣ㸪᥍࠼ࡵ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀᾘᴟⓗ⨾ᚨ࡛࠶ࡿᐶᐜ࡜᝿ീຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆேࠎ࡟ㄝ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ϩ㸬ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮࡜➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ

1914ᖺ6᭶28᪥㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔㸻ࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜࡢᖇ఩⥅ᢎ⪅ࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࣇ࢙ࣝࢹ࢕ࢼࣥࢻ኱



බ࡜ድࢰࣇ࢕ࡀࢧ࢚ࣦ࢛࡛ࣛᬯẅࡉࢀ㸪

7᭶28᪥㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔㸻ࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜࡣࢭࣝࣅ࢔࡟ᐉ

ᡓᕸ࿌㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃิᙉࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡴ኱ᡓࡀጞࡲࡾ㸪

8᭶4᪥ኪ༙㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡜ࢻ࢖ࢶࡣ஺ᡓ≧

ែ࡟ධࡗࡓ㸦ࠗୡ⏺ࡢṔྐ

14࠘4-29㸧ࠋ1915ᖺ6᭶࡟ࡣࢻ࢖ࢶࡢࢶ࢙ࢵ࣌ࣜࣥ㣕⾜⯪ࡀึࡵ࡚

ࣟࣥࢻࣥࢆᨷᧁࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ1917ᖺ࡟ࡣ⇿ᧁᶵ࡟ࡼࡿࣟࣥࢻࣥ⇿ᧁࡶጞࡲࡗࡓࠋࢫࢸ࢖ࣉ (J.

H. Stape) ࡢࠗE࣭M࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ᖺ⾲࠘(An E. M. Forster Chronology, 1993) ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪

ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪

1915ᖺ11᭶࡟࢖ࢠࣜࢫࢆฟⓎ㸪࢚ࢪࣉࢺ࡛3ᖺ㛫㸪ᅜ㝿㉥༑Ꮠࡢ஦ົᒁࡢ⫋

ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜᪉୙᫂⪅ࢆ᥈ࡍ௵ົ࡟ࡘࡁ㸪

1918ᖺ11᭶࡟ࢻ࢖ࢶࡀఇᡓ᮲⣙࡟⨫ྡࡋࡓᚋ㸪1919

ᖺ1᭶࡟ᖐᅜࡋࡓ (58-66)ࠋ௵ົᮇ㛫୰ࡢ௙஦ࡢྜ㛫࡟࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢ⾤ࢆ᥈⣴ࡋࡓࡇ࡜

࡛㸪Ṕྐᴫㄝ᭩ࡀㄌ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

Ṕྐᴫㄝ᭩

ࠗ࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔̾̾̾Ṕྐ࡜᱌ෆ࠘

(1922) ࡣ㸪2200᭷వᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢ

Ṕྐ࡜⏫ࡢ᪑⾜᱌ෆ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣋ࢹ࣮࢝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢶ࣮ࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪑⾜࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡⓗ࡞

ࠕ᱌ෆࠖ

(A Guide) ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪

ࠗࣇ࢓ࣟࢫ࡜ࣇ࢓ࣜࣟࣥ࠘

(Pharos and Pharillon, 1923)

࡜ྠᵝ࡟࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢṔྐࢆ≀ㄒ㢼࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓṔྐᴫㄝ᭩࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜Ṕྐ࡬

ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰㸪᫬㛫ⓗవ⿱ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜㸪㉥༑Ꮠࡢ௙஦

ࡢྜ㛫࡟࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢ⾤ࢆ᥈⣴ࡋ㸪ከࡃࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆ᭩ࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ゼࢀ㸪

⏕άࡋ㸪ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ㒔ᕷࡢṔྐ࡜᱌ෆࢆ᭩ࡃ࡜࠸࠺╔᝿ࢆ࠼࡚㸪࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢṔྐࢆ

2250ᖺ๓ࡢ᫬௦࠿ࡽ㸪Ṕྐୖࡢே≀ࡸ๰సࡋࡓᕷ஭ࡢேࠎࡀⓏሙࡍࡿ≀ㄒ㢼᪑⾜᱌ෆ᭩࡟ࡲ

࡜ࡵࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࠗ࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔̾̾̾Ṕྐ࡜᱌ෆ࠘ࡣ1922ᖺ12᭶࡟ึ∧ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࢫࢸ࢖ࣉ࡟ࡼࢀ

ࡤ㸪సᐙࡣ1916ᖺ࡟ࡇࡢṔྐᴫㄝ᭩ࡢࡶ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྂ௦࡜⌧௦࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚ࡢㅮ₇ࢆ⾜࠸㸪

1922ᖺ10᭶࠿ࡽ11᭶࡟ࡶ㸪࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㸶ᅇࡢㅮ₇ࢆ⾜ࡗ

࡚࠸ࡿ (59, 81)ࠋᮏ᭩ࡣ㸪᐀ᩍࡸ⋤ᮅࡸᖇᅜࡢኚࢃࡾ┠ࡢᡓ࠸ࡸ୙Ᏻ࡞᝟ໃ࡞࡝ࡢグ㏙ࡶ࠶

ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔࡬ࡢ៿ࢀࢆᢪ࠿ࡏ㸪ࡇࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ᫬௦ࡢㅖ┦ࢆࡶࡗ࡜▱ࡾࡓ࠸࡜

ᛮࢃࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐⓗ࡞㨩ຊࢆࡶࡘ⾤ࡢ᱌ෆ᭩࡟௙ୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢࡉ࡞࠿㸪

㠀ᡓ㜚ဨ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶᅜ㝿㉥༑Ꮠࡢ஦ົᒁࡢ⫋ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ാ࠸ࡓసᐙࡣ㸪ᡓ᫬୰࡟ぢศࡋ

ࡓ஦᯶ࢆ㸪㒔ᕷࡢṔྐ࡜ࡋ࡚సရ࡟᪼⳹ࡉࡏࡓࠋ๰㐀ࡉࢀࡓே≀ࡓࡕ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ㄞ⪅ࡢᚰࡢ

୰࡛࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢ⾤ࡣᗄᗘࡶࡼࡳࡀ࠼ࡿࠋṔྐࡢグ㘓ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࠶ࡢ᫬

௦ࡢ࠶ࡢሙᡤ࡟࠸ࡓᬑ㏻ࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆᥥࡇ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪ᡓ㜚

ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡓதࢆయ㦂ࡋࡓ஧ேࡢே≀T࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫ (Thomas Edward Lawrence, 1888-1935)

࡜࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࢠ࣎ࣥ (Edward Gibbon, 1737-94) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭩࠸ࡓホㄽࢆㄞࡳ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ

࣮ࡀ஧ேࡢసရࡢ࡝ࡇ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ

III㸬 ࣟࣞࣥࢫ࡜ࢠ࣎ࣥ

1923ᖺ12᭶㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪③Ⅿ࡞ᡓதリࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࢩ࣮ࢢࣇ࣮ࣜࢻ࣭ࢧࢫ࣮ࣥ(Siegfried

Sassoon, 1886-1967) ࠿ࡽ೉ࡾ࡚ㄞࢇࡔ㸪T࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘(Seven Pillars of

Wisdom) (1922ᖺ࢜ࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࣭ࢱ࢖࣒ࢬ♫࡛༳ๅࡉࢀࡓᰯṇཎ✏ (➨3✏) ) ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟⯆



࿡ࢆࡶࡘࠋࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮࡜ࣟࣞࣥࢫ࡜ࡢ஺㝿ࡣ㸪

1924ᖺ࡟ጞࡲࡾ㸪ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢᨵゞస

ᴗࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࣟࣞࣥࢫ࡟ຓゝࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢṚᚋ㸪ࠕ

T࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࠖ

(“T. E. Lawrence”) (Listener, 31 July 1935; ᚋ࡟Abinger Harvest (1936) ࡟཰㘓) ࡜ࠕࢡࣛ

࢘ࢬ࣭ࣄࣝࠖ(“Clouds Hill”) (Listener, 1 September 1938; ᚋ࡟Two Cheers for Democracy

(1951) ࡟཰㘓) ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ

ࠕ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ࡢࣟࣞࣥࢫࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ㸪

T࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡣ㸪࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ኱Ꮫ࡛Ṕྐ

ࢆᏛࡧ㸪ᅾᏛ୰㸪୰ᮾ࡛ࡢ㑇㊧ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ༞ᴗᚋ㸪⪃ྂᏛㄪᰝ࡛෌ࡧ୰ᮾࢆゼࢀ㸪࢖ࢠࣜ

ࢫ㝣㌷ࡢ౫㢗࡛㌷⏝ࡢᆅᅗࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ➨୍ḟ኱ᡓຨⓎᚋࡣ㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㝣㌷࡟໅ົࡋ㸪࢔ࣛ

ࣈேࡢ㒊㝲࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࢜ࢫ࣐ࣥᖇᅜ㌷࡜ᡓ࠸㸪

1917ᖺࡢ࢔࢝ࣂ㝗ⴠࡸ1918ᖺࡢࢲ࣐ࢫ࢝ࢫ༨㡿

࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡗࡓࠋࠗ᏶඲∧

▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘(1935ᖺ) ࡢ⦅㞟⪅ࢪ࢙࣑࣮࣭ࣞ࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪

ࡸࡀ࡚ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘࡜࡞ࡿᮏࢆ᭩ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡣ

1917ᖺ9᭶2᪥௜ࡅࡢC࣭E࣭࢘࢕ࣝࢯ

ࣥ࠶࡚ࡢ᭩⡆࡟グࡉࢀ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟

1926ᖺ6᭶11᪥௜ࡅࡢࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࣙ࠶࡚ࡢ᭩⡆࡛ࡶ

㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸦ࠕ⦅⪅ᨵ㢟ࠖ㸪⏣㝰ᜏ⏕ヂࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ 5࠘㸪282-83㸧

ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢࠕᗎㄝࠖ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࢆ᭱ึ࡟ᇳ➹ࡋࡓࡢࡣࣃࣜㅮ࿴఍㆟୰

(1919ᖺ1᭶㹼4᭶) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡶ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪㐍㌷ࡢ㛫࡟᪥ࠎ᭩ࡁ࡜ࡵࡓࣀ࣮ࢺ࡟࢝࢖ࣟ

ࡢୖྖ࡟㏦ࡗࡓሗ࿌ࢆຍ➹ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪

1919ᖺ⛅࡟ࡇࡢึ✏࡜ࣀ࣮ࢺࡢ୍㒊ࡀኻࢃࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪

1919ᖺ෤࠿ࡽ1920ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚෌ࡧ᭩ࡁୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞㛵ᚰࡀࢃ࠸࡚ࡁ࡚ึ✏ࡢ

㗦ࡉࡣኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࠕ࢔ࣛࣈ㐠ືࡢṔྐ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࣟࣞࣥࢫ⮬

㌟࡟㉳ࡇࡗࡓฟ᮶஦࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ㸪ୡ㛫࡬ࡢᩍカࡶேࢆឤືࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞኱஦௳ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡑࡢヰࡣல⣽࡞ࡶࡢࡈ࡜࡟‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖ᪥ࠎࡢ⏕ά࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྲྀࡿ࡟㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ฟ᮶஦࡛࠶ࡾ㸪

ࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸ேࠎࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(Lawrence, “Introductory Chapter,” Seven Pillars of Wisdom,

5-6)

ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡀࠕᗎㄝ࡛ࠖグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᙼࡶࡲࡓṔྐࡢグ㘓ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᡓ

ሙࡢฟ᮶஦ࢆ㸪ேࢆឤືࡉࡏࡿ኱஦௳࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥࡁࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࠶ࡢ᫬௦ࡢ࠶ࡢሙᡤ

࡛㉳ࡇࡗࡓࠕྲྀࡿ࡟㊊ࡾ࡞࠸࡛ࡁࡈ࡜ࠖ

(“mean happenings”) ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥࡇ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⏣㝰ᜏ⏕ヂࡢࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࡛࠘ࡣࠕ࠶ࡉࡲࡋ࠸࡛ࡁࡈ࡜ࠖ࡜ヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᫎ⏬ࠗ࢔

ࣛࣅ࢔ࡢࣟࣞࣥࢫ࠘(1962) ࡣ㸪࢔ࣛࣈẸ᪘ࡢ⊂❧㜚தࢆ⋡࠸ࡓࣆ࣮ࢱ࣮࣭࢜ࢺ࣮ࢗࣝ₇ࡌࡿ

㌷ேT࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢෑ㝤࡜ⱞᝎ࡜Ἴ஘࡟‶ࡕࡓ⏕ᾭࢆኊ኱࡞ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪

ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡀࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࡛࠘ᥥࡁࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࣟࣞࣥࢫࡀᥥࡁࡓ࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪

ᡓ᫬ୗࡢ♫఍ⓗ࡟ࡣ㧗఩࡟࠶ࡿேࠎࢆྵࡴࡀ㸪Ṕྐୖࡢⱥ㞝࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓே

㛫ࡓࡕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᬑ㏻ࡢࠕࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸ேࠎࠖ(“little people”) ࡢ᪥ࠎࡢ⏕ά࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

T࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘࡜ホㄽࠕT࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࠖ

T࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢⴭ᭩ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ࡝ࡇ࡟ᚰࢆື࠿ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿

࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋࣟࣞࣥࢫࡀ

1935ᖺ5᭶࡟ஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓᚋ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ7᭶࡟ࠕT࣭E࣭ࣟ

ࣞࣥࢫࠖ

(“T. E. Lawrence,” Listener, 31 July 1935 ึฟ㸹ᚋ࡟Abinger Harvest (1936) ࡟

཰㘓) ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋ

ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡣࠕ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔Ẹ᪘ࡢࢺࣝࢥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯஘ࢆ㸪



ࡌࡓࠖ࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᙼࡣチࡉ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ

(“T. E. Lawrence” in Abinger Harvest, 140) ࡜㸪

ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣟࣞࣥࢫࡶࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡶඹ࡟㸪ᡓ᫬୰࡟ゼࢀࡓᅵᆅ࡛సရࡢ

╔᝿ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣟࣞࣥࢫࡣ㸪ᡓ᫬୰࠿ࡽ᪥ࠎ࣓ࣔࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᆅ࡛ㄡࡀఱࢆࡋ㸪ఱ

ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿㸪⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡤ࠿ࡾࡢᡓሙࡸ఍㆟ሙ࡛ࡢಶேⓗ࡞య㦂ࢆලయⓗ࡟グ㏙ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡓࠋࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢసရ࡟ᙜ஦⪅࡟ࡼࡿṔྐࡢグ㘓࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ౯್ࡼࡾࡶ㸪୍

ேࡢே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡢ᫬࠶ࡢሙᡤ࡛ぢ࡚⪺࠸࡚ឤࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⥛ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜

⪃࠼ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

ඵᮌ㇂ᾴᏊࡢࠕT. E. ࣟࣞࣥࢫᖺ⾲ࠖ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡣ㸪ᡓத⤊⤖ᚋ㸪1919ᖺ࡟ࡣ➨1

✏㸦⣙25୓ㄒ㸧ࢆ᭩ࡁ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡀ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢜ࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ∧➨3✏ࡣ33୓ㄒࡢ㛗ࡉ࡛

࠶ࡗࡓࠋ෕㛗ࡉࢆ࠾ࡑࢀ࡚㸪ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡣࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ

5୓ㄒࢆ๐ࡿ௙஦࡟ྲྀࡾ࠿࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

_ࣇ࢛࣮

ࢫࢱ࣮࠸ࢃࡃ㸪ࠕ๐ࡽࢀࡓ୰࡟ࡣෑ㢌ࡢ❶඲㒊ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏࡢ⌮ゎࡢຓࡅ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪

ㄞ⪅ࢆࡸࡍࡸࡍ࡜⾜ື࡬࡜ᑟධࡍࡿ㒊ศࡔࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡣṧᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ࡑࡢ๐㝖ࡉࢀࡓ

୍ᩥࡀ⚾ࡢグ᠈࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ኱ⱥᖇᅜࡢᒓ㡿ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡶ㸪⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ୍ேࡢ

Ṛࡏࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡢᑡᖺ࡟್ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࠖࡇࢀࡣࠕ๢ࡣࡲࡓΎ₩࡜Ṛࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸪௒ᅇ

ࡢ∧ࡢᡬ࡟้ࡲࢀࡓᩥ❶࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᾘࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㸧ࠖ(“T. E. Lawrence,” 142)

_ࠋ

ࠕ኱ⱥᖇᅜࡢᒓ㡿ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡶ㸪⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ୍ேࡢṚࡏࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡢᑡᖺ࡟್ࡋ

࡞࠸ࠖ(“All the subject provinces of the Empire to me were not worth one dead English

boy”) ࡢ୍ᩥࡣ㸪ࠕᮏࡢ⌮ゎࡢຓࡅ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ㄞ⪅ࢆࡸࡍࡸࡍ࡜ᮏᩥ࡟ᘬࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺㒊ศ࡛

࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙࠿ࡽ㸪ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢᚰࡢෆ࡜౯್ほࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

ಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡋ㸪ࡦ࡜ࡾࡦ࡜ࡾࡢಶࡢᏑᅾ࡜ಶேࡢᛮ࠸ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ࡍࡿࣇ࢛

࣮ࢫࢱ࣮࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ1938ᖺᇳ➹ࡢࠕ⚾ࡢಙ᮲ࠖ(“What I

Believe”) ࡢ୰࡛ࠕ⚾ࡣಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀࢆಙࡌࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭ᅜᐙࢆ⿬ษࡿ࠿཭ࢆ⿬ษࡿ࠿࡜㏕ࡽ

ࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪ᅜᐙࢆ⿬ษࡿຬẼࢆᣢࡕࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ

(“I believe in personal relationships. . . .

if I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should

have the guts to betray my country”) (Two Cheers for Democracy, 68) ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ホㄽࠕT࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࠖࡢ୰࡛ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢ⤂௓࡟㑅ࢇࡔ⟠ᡤࡣ㸪ᡓ

ሙࡢሙ㠃࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᒾࡢ㛫࠿ࡽὶࢀฟࡋࡓỈ࡛࡛ࡁࡓỈࡓࡲࡾ࡛ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡀỈᾎࡧࢆࡋ࡚࠸

ࡓ᫬࡟ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ⪁ே࡜ࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࢆᥥ࠸ࡓሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢே࡜࡞ࡾ࡜

ࡋ࡚ࠕຬẼ㸪ᐶᐜ㸪ඹឤ࡜࠸࠺୕ࡘࡢⱥ㞝ⓗ㈨㉁ࠖ(“he certainly possessed the three heroic

virtues: courage, generocity, compassion”) (Abinger Harvest, 144) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ࠶࡜㸪ࡉ

ࡽ࡟ࠕᗏ࡟₯ࡴ↓⚾ࡢ⢭⚄ࠖ࡜ࠕ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ᬑẁࡢၿពࠖ

_{࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝཬࡍࡿࠋ}

ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡀᬯ♧ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠕឡࡣ⚄࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓࡿࠋឡࡣ⚄ࡢࡶࡢࠋ⚄࡟ྥ࠿࠺ࡶࡢࠖࡔࢁ࠺

࠿ࠋࡑࢀ࡯࡝⚄Ꮫⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᗏ࡟₯ࡴ↓⚾ࡢ⢭⚄࡜㸪ᙼ⮬㌟ࡢⱞࡋࡳࡢ⅖ࡀࡑࢀࢆ

ඹឤ࡜⼥ྜࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢ㸪᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ᬑẁࡢၿពࡀࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ

(Abinger Harvest,

145-46)

ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢ୰࡛㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢ୰࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡗࡓᐶᐜࡸၿពࡣ㸪సᐙ⮬㌟



ࡀᑠㄝࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘ࡸホㄽࠕᐶᐜࠖ

(“Torelance”) ࡢ୰࡛኱ษ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㈨

㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡀసᐙ⮬㌟ࡢ୰࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿ㈨㉁࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡢ୰ࡢࡑࢀࡽ࡟ඹ㬆

ࡋ㸪Ẽ࡙࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࠕࢠ࣎ࣥ࡜⮬ླྀఏࠖ

➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢࠕࢠ࣎ࣥ࡜⮬ླྀఏࠖ(“Gibbon and his

Autography” in Two Cheers for Democracy;

London Calling, 30 July 1942 (“Edward

Gibbon, the Historian”; “broadcast in the B.B.C.’s North American service”)) ࡣ㸪Ṕྐᐙ࢚

ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࢠ࣎ࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣮࣐ࠗࣟᖇᅜ⾶ஸྐ࠘

(The History of the Decline

and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776-88) ࡢⴭ⪅ࡣ㸪୐ᖺᡓத (1756-63) ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ1762ᖺ

ᮎ࡟㝖㝲ࡋ㸪⩣ᖺ࠿ࡽࢢࣛࣥࢻ࣭ࢶ࢔࣮࡟ฟ࠿ࡅ㸪ゼࢀࡓ࣮࣐ࣟࡢᆅ࡛࣮࣐ࣟࡢ⾶ஸࢆ᭩ࡃ

࡜࠸࠺╔᝿ࢆ࠼ࡓࠋ

It was at Rome, on the 15

_{of October, 1764, as I sat musing amidst the ruins of the}

Capitol, while the barefooted friars were singing vespers in the Temple of Jupiter,

that the idea of writing the decline and fall of the city first started to my mind.

(“Gibbon and his Autography” in Two Cheers for Democracy, 162)

ࠕࡇࡢ࣮࣐ࣟࡢᆅ࡛㸪࣮࣐ࣟࡢ⾶ஸࢆ᭩ࡃࠖ࡜࠸࠺╔᝿ࢆ࠼ࡓ࡜⮬ླྀఏ࡟グࡋࡓࢠ࣎ࣥ࡜ྠᵝ

࡟㸪ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜Ṕྐ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡶ㸪๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪㉥༑Ꮠࡢ௙஦ࡀከᛁ

࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢ⾤ࢆ᥈⣴ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ⓗవ⿱ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜㸪ከᩘࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆ

᭩ࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔ࡢṔྐ࡜᱌ෆࢆ᭩ࡃ࡜࠸࠺╔᝿ࢆ࠼ࡓࠋᡓதࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚

᭩࠿ࢀࡓసရ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ᡓ࠸ࡸ୙Ᏻ࡞᝟ໃ࡞࡝ࡢグ㏙ࡶ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻ

ࣜ࢔࡜࠸࠺㒔ᕷࡢ᫬௦ࡢㅖ┦ࢆ㨩ຊⓗ࡟ఏ࠼ࡿṔྐࡢධ㛛᭩࡟௙ୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

Ϫ㸬ಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀ (personal relationship) ࡢ㝈⏺

1910ᖺฟ∧ࡢࠗࣁ࣮࣡ࢬ࣭࢚ࣥࢻ࠘(Howards End) ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほ

ࡸᛮ᝿ࢆᣢࡘேࠎࢆࠕࡓࡔ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ࣭࣭࣭ࠖ(Only connect…)㸪 த࠸࠶࠺♫఍ࡀ

ㄪ࿴ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࢆ

⤒㦂ࡋࡓᚋࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄪ࿴ࡢୡ⏺ࢆᑠㄝࡢ୰࡟ࡉ࠼๰㐀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

ホㄽࠕⱁ⾡ࡢࡓࡵࡢⱁ⾡ࠖ

(“Art for Art’s Sake”) (Harper’s Magazine, August 1949; ᚋ࡟Two

Cheers for Democracy (1951) ࡟཰㘓) ࡢ୰࡛㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣࠕ⛛ᗎ࡜ࡣእ࠿ࡽㄢࡏࡽࢀࡿ

ఱ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ෆ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀฟࡿఱ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋෆ࡞ࡿᏳᐃ㸪⏕࿨ࡢㄪ࿴࡛࠶ࡿࠖ(“Order, I

suggest, is something evolved from within, not something imposed from without”) (Two

Cheers for Democracy, 90)࡜㏙࡭ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪

ࠕ⛛ᗎࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣⱁ⾡ⓗ⠊␪࡟࠶ࡾࠖ㸪

ࡑࡢ⛛ᗎࡣࠕⱁ⾡ᐙࡀ⮬ศࡢసရࡢ୰࡟๰㐀ࡍࡿ⛛ᗎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭ⱁ⾡సရࡀ၏୍↓஧ࡢ⏘

≀࡞ࡢࡣ㸪ⱁ⾡ࡀᏱᐂࡢ୰࡛㸪ෆ࡞ࡿㄪ࿴ࢆᣢࡕ࠺ࡿ၏୍ࡢ≀య࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠖ

(“The second



in his own work. A work of art . . . is a unique product . . . because it is the only material

object in the universe which may possess internal harmony”) (Two Cheers for Democracy,

92) ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞ᑠㄝࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ

ࡢࡣ㸪࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻᮅ᫬௦ࡢᑠㄝࡢࡼ࠺࡟␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほࡢ⾪✺ࡢᚋ࡟ࡶࡣࡸࠕ⛛ᗎࠖ࡜ࠕෆ࡞

ࡿㄪ࿴ࠖࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘

᭱ึࡢ࢖ࣥࢻ᪑⾜ (1912ᖺ10᭶㹼1913ᖺ4᭶) ࡢᚋ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘ࡢᇳ

➹࡟ྲྀࡾ࠿࠿ࡾ㸪➨୍ḟ኱ᡓᚋ㸪⸬⋤ࡢ⚾タ⛎᭩࡜ࡋ࡚㉱௵㸦1921ᖺ3᭶㹼1921ᖺ10᭶㸧ࡋ㸪

1922ᖺ1᭶࡟ᖐᅜᚋ㸪1924ᖺ1᭶࡟ࡸࡗ࡜ᑠㄝࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡓࠋ

ࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘ࡣ㸪ᅾ༳࢖ࢠࣜࢫே

(Anglo-Indians) ࡀᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ⏫ࢳࣕࣥࢻ࣏ࣛ

࢔

(Chandrapore) ࡢᐁ❧ࢥࣞࢵࢪ (Government College) ࡢᰯ㛗ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ (Cyril

Fielding) ࡜࢖ ࣥࢻ ே ࡛࢖ ࢫ ࣒ࣛ ᩍᚐ ࡢ ་ᖌ࢔ ࢪ ࢬ (Dr Aziz) ࡢே 㛫 㛵ಀ (personal

relationship) ࡀ⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ࣒࢔ኵே (Mrs Moore) ࡣࡇࡢ⏫ࡢ἞Ᏻุ஦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᜥᏊࣟ

ࢽ࣮ (Ronny Heaslop) ࡟㢗ࡲࢀ࡚㸪ࣟࢽ࣮࡜⤖፧ࡋࡑ࠺࡟ࡣぢ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪࢔

ࢹ࣭ࣛࢡ࢚ࢫࢸࢵࢻ (Miss Adela Quested) ࢆ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࠿ࡽ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ

ᜥᏊࣟࢽ࣮࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚㸪࣒࢔ኵேࡣ࢖ࣥࢻ࡟ఫࡴ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡢᶓ᯶࡞ែᗘࢆ㠀㞴ࡍࡿࠋࡑ

ࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣟࢽ࣮ࡢゝⴥࡣ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢᅾ༳࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠕᡃࠎࡣṇ

⩏ࢆ࡞ࡋ἞Ᏻࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣭࣭࣭൅ࡣാࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡇࡇ࡬᮶ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ

ࡇࡢࡳࡌࡵ࡞ᅜࢆຊ࡛ᥱࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡇࡇ࡬᮶ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ∾ᖌ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ປാඪࡢ௦㆟ኈ

࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋឤയⓗ࡛ྠ᝟ⓗ࡞ᩥᏛ⪅࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ൅ࡣᨻᗓࡢᙺே࡟ࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡀ൅࡟

㑅ࡤࡏࡓࡢࡀࡇࡢ⫋ᴗ࡛ࡍࠋ⫋ᴗࡣ⫋ᴗ࡛ࡍࠋទᛌ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ទᛌ࡞ࡩࡾࡶࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋ൅

࡟ࡣࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㔜せ࡞ົࡵࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࠖࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣒࢔ኵேࡣ㸪ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡣࡇࡢᅜ

࡬᮶ࡓࡽࡳࢇ࡞࡟႐ࡤࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠖ࡜཯ㄽࡍࡿ (A Passage to India,

43-45)ࠋ

࢔ࢹࣛࡀ࢔ࢪࢬࢆッ࠼ࡓ࣐ࣛࣂ࣮ࣝὝ❍ (the Marabar Caves) ஦௳ࡢ⿢ุ࡛ࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࢻே

࡜ᅾ༳࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡢ཯┠ࡀỴᐃⓗ࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪࢔ࢹࣛࡢຬẼ࠶ࡿṇ┤ࡉ࡟ࡼࡾ⿢ุࡣ࢔ࢪࢬࡢ

↓⨥ุỴ࡛⤊ࢃࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࢔ࢪࢬࡣㄗゎࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪⿢ุ࡛࿡᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡓࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ

࢕ࣥࢢ࡟⿬ษࡽࢀࡓ࡜ᛮ࠸㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ⿢ุࡢࡢࡕ㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ᖐᅜ

ࡍࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪࣐࡛࢘ᩥ㒊኱⮧࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࣄࣥࢬ࣮ᩍᚐࡢࢦࢻ࣮࣎ࣝᩍᤵ (Professor

Godbole) ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛㸪࢔ࢪࢬࡣ࣐࢘࡟᮶࡚་⪅ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2ᖺᚋ㸪ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡣൢ

ᆅࡢㅖᕞࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ≧ἣࢆどᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢖ࣥࢻᕠṔࡢ㏵୰࡛࣐࢘࡟ጔ࡜ࡑࡢᘵ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟

❧ࡕᐤࡿࠋࣄࣥࢬ࣮ᩍࡢ⚍ࡾࡢ᪥㸪࣐࢘ࡢ㈓Ỉụ࡛2⯺ࡢ࣮࣎ࢺࡀ⾪✺ࡋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡶ࢖ࣥࢻ

ேࡶࡎࡪ⃿ࢀ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜࢖ࣥࢻே࢔ࢪࢬࡢಶேⓗே㛫

㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡿᅜࢆ㉺࠼ࡓ཭᝟ࡣ㸪୍ᗘࡣྲྀࡾᡠࡏࡓ࠿࡟ぢ࠼ࡓࠋ

ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪෌ࡧ఍࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼࡚㸪஧ேࡣ࣐࢘ࡢᐦᯘ࡟㤿࡛㐲஌ࡾ࡟ฟ࠿

ࡅࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ᮍ᮶࡟ᮃࡳࡀ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᳜Ẹᆅ⊂❧㐠ືࡢᶵ㐠ࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜ḟࡢࣚ

࣮ࣟࢵࣃ኱ᡓ࡬ࡢゝཬࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ(“Until English is in difficulties we keep in silent, but in the



next European war—aha, aha! Then is our time.”) (A Passage to India, 311) ⿕ᨭ㓄⪅ഃ

࠿ࡽࡢែᗘ⾲᫂ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪኱ᡓᚋࡢୡ⏺᝟ໃࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧၀ࡋ㸪ᩍ⫱࡟ᦠࢃࡿே≀ࢆⓏሙࡉࡏ㸪

ᙜึ࢔ࢪࢬഃ࡟ࡔࡅᏊ౪㸦ᜥᏊ

2ே࡜ፉ1ே㸧ࡀ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࣟࢽ࣮࣭ࣄ࣮ࢫࣟࢵࣉࡢࣇ

࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡬ࡢᡭ⣬ (“Glad about your son and heir”) (A Passage to India, 298) ࡀ♧

ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᑠㄝࡢ⤊┙࡟ࡣࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢഃ㸦ጔࢫࢸࣛ (Stella) ࡣ࣒࢔ኵேࡢፉ㸧࡟ࡶᏊ

౪ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓタᐃ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪୧ᅜࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟ᮍ᮶ࢆクࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠗ࠸࡜㛗ࡁ᪑㊰࠘

ࡸࠗࣁ࣮࣡ࢬ࣭࢚ࣥࢻ࠘࠿ࡽ⥆ࡃ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᑠㄝ࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿḟୡ௦ࢆᢸ࠺Ꮚ౪ࡢᢅ࠸

࡟ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࠋ

ᑠㄝࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡣ㸪࢔ࢪࢬࡣ⌮ゎ࡜ᐶᐜࡉࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࣐ࣛࣂ࣮ࣝὝ❍ࡢ஦௳࡛࠿ࡘ࡚ᙼࡢே⏕

ࢆ◚⁛ࡉࡏ࠿ࡅࡓ࢔ࢹ࣭ࣛࢡ࢚ࢫࢸࢵࢻ࡟ࡉ࠼⿢ุ࡛ࡢຬẼࢆㄆࡵ㸪ᙼዪ࡟ఏ࠼ࡓ࠸࡜ゝ࠺ࠋ

࠶࡞ࡓࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛௒ࡢ⮬ศࡢᖾࡏࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⮬ศࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀぶឡ࡜ᑛᩗࡢ

ᛕࢆᣢࡗ࡚ヰࡍࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ࠼ࡿ࡜ࠋ

(“I thought how brave Miss Quested was, and decided to

tell her so, despite my imperfect English. Through you I am happy here with my children

instead of in a prison, of that I make no doubt. My children shall be taught to speak of you

with the greatest affection and respect.”) (A Passage to India, 308)

ࡇࡢሙ㠃࡛㸪ᕪูࡉࢀࡿഃࡢே㛫ࡀᛣࡾࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࠶ࡿࣛ࢖ࢱ࣮ࡢゝⴥࡀ

♧၀ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ேࡣㄡࡔࡗ࡚㛫㐪࠸ࢆ≢ࡍࠋࡑࡢ㉳ᅉ࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠕ↓▱࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ

ࢀࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡢࡣ͆ᛣࡾ͇ࡸ͆ယࡋࡳ͇ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡓࡔኌࢆୖࡆࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ⁁ࡀ῝ࡲࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡑࡢඛ࡟࠶ࡿ㸪ே࡜ே࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆᮃࡴࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡁࡗ࡜ࠕチࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ

ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ㸦஬༑ᔒ኱㸧

ᕪูࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓഃࡀࠕᛣࡾࠖࡸࠕယࡋࡳࠖࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ㸪ᕪูࡋ࡚ࡁࡓഃࡀࡑࢀࢆ⌮ゎࡋែᗘࢆᨵ

ࡵࡓ࡞ࡽ㸪ࠕ㉧ࡍࠖࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢඛ࡟ே࡜ேࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㞟ᅋࡢ୰ࡢಶே࡛࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪ಶே࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

࢔ࢪࢬࡣࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ྉࡪࠋ⮬ศࡢ᫬௦࡛↓⌮࡞ࡽ㸪⮬ศࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡢ᫬௦

࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡀ↓⌮࡞ࡽ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼50ᖺ㸪500ᖺ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚ࡶ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࢆ࢖ࣥࢻ࠿ࡽ㏣࠸ฟࡍࡢࡔࠋ

ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡽ㸪࠶࡞ࡓ࡜⚾ࡣ཭ே࡟࡞ࢀࡿ࡜ࠋ(“If I don’t make you go, Ahmud will, Karim

will, if it’s fifty or five-hundred years we shall get rid of you, yes, we shall drive every

blasted Englishman into the sea, and then”—he rode against him furiously—“and then,”

he concluded, half kissing him, “you and I shall be friends.”) (A Passage to India, 312) స

ᐙࡣ㸪㏆࠸ᑗ᮶࡟࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡜࢖ࣥࢻࡢ㛵ಀࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡓ௒ࡢ࢖ࣥࢻ࡛ࡣࡲࡔࡔࡵࡔࠋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࢆ㏣࠸ฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡲ࡛㸪ࡍ

࡞ࢃࡕ㸪࢖ࣥࢻࡀ⊂❧ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢻே࡜࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡀᑐ➼ࡢ❧ሙ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ㸪࡜ྰᐃⓗ࡞⤖

ㄽࢆୗࡋ࡚ᑠㄝࡣ⤊ࢃࡿࠋ࢖ࣥࢻࡢ኱ᆅࡸぢ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࠕࡲࡔࡔࡵࡔࠖ࡜ゝ࠸㸪✵ࡢ

ࠕࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࡔࡵࡔࠖ(“they said in their hundred voices, ‘No, not yet,’ and the sky said, ‘no



not there.’ ”(A Passage to India, 312) ࡜࠸࠺㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ྰᐃⓗ࡞ゝⴥ࡛⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘ࡢᡂຌᚋ㸪

1929ᖺ9᭶࡟࢚ࢪࣉࢺ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕ࢖

ࣥࢻ㛵㐃ࡢᮏࢆࡲࡓᇳ➹ࡉࢀࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ

(“Will the great success of your book, A Passage to

India, move you to write another novel connected with India?”) ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࡟㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮

ࡣࠕ࠸࠸࠼ࠋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡜࢖ࣥࢻࡢ㛵ಀࡢ୺㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣㄒࡾࡲ

ࡋࡓࠖ(“I don’t think so. I think that in this book I expressed whatever I had to say on the

subject of Anglo-Indian relations.”) (Hilda D. Spear and Abdel Moneim Aly, eds., Forster

in Egypt: A Graeco-Alexandrian Encounter, 47) ࡜⟅࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑠㄝࡣᅾ༳࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡢ࢖

ࣥࢻேࢆぢୗࡍែᗘࡢၥ㢟ࢆ኱ࡁࡃᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ಶே࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᅾ༳࢖ࢠ

ࣜࢫேࡀែᗘࢆᨵࡵࢀࡤ୧ᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡲ࡛ࡶኚࢃࡿ࡜࠿㸪ࡍࡄ࡟ᅜ㝿⣮தࡀゎỴࡍࡿ࡜࠿㸪ࡑ

ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⡆༢࡞ヰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ྰᐃⓗ࡞ゝⴥ࡛ࡢᑠㄝࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ᪉࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

IV㸬ᡓ㛫ᮇ࠿ࡽ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ࡬

ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜẸᛶぬ᭩ࠖ

➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋ㸪1925ᖺ10᭶࡟ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢࣟ࢝ࣝࣀ࡛༠㆟ࡉࢀ㸪12᭶1᪥࡟㸪ࣟ࢝ࣝࣀ᮲

⣙ (Locarno Treaties)࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥ㸵ࡘࡢ༠ᐃࡀṇᘧㄪ༳ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪࢖ࢠࣜ

ࢫ࣭ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࢻ࢖ࢶ࣭࢖ࢱࣜ࢔࣭࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ5ࣨᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦⓗ㞟ᅋᏳ඲ಖ㞀᮲⣙࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࣇࣛࣥࢫ㸪࣋ࣝࢠ࣮㸪ࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟࢔㸪࠾ࡼࡧ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡣࢻ࢖ࢶ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀ௰

⿢⿢ุ᮲⣙ࢆ⥾⤖ࡋ㸪ࢻ࢖ࢶࡀ⥾⣙ᅜࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿࡟ᑐࡋṊຊ⾜౑ࢆࡋࡓሙྜࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚㸪ࣇ

ࣛࣥࢫ࡜ࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣦࣟ࢓࢟࢔㸪ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ┦஫᥼ຓ᮲⣙ࡀ⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜࡀࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ␲ᛕࢆᣢࡕࡘࡘࡶ᮲⣙⥾⤖࡟ࡼࡾᖹ࿴ࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼

ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟㸪

ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜẸᛶぬ࠼᭩ࡁࠖ

(“Notes on the English Character”)㸦1926

ᖺ1᭶㸪

ࠗ࢔ࢺࣛࣥࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࣭࣐ࣥࢫ࣮ࣜ࠘

(Atlantic Monthly) ࡟ึฟ㸹

Abinger Harvest (1936)

࡟཰㘓㸧ࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢぬ᭩࡛ࡣ㸪

1919ᖺࡢ࢔࣒ࣜࢵࢶ࢓࣮ࡢ኱⹢ẅ (the Amritsar massacre) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㎯

ⓗ஦௳ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ࡶṧᚸ࡛ேࢆ⿬ษࡿே㛫ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪⿢ุᡤࡸ㌷ࢆぢࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅜ

Ẹࡢ㨦ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫே࡟఍࠼ࡤ఍࠺࡯࡝㸪ࡇ࠺࠸࠺㠀㞴ࡣⓗእࢀࡔ࡜࠸

࠺☜ಙࡀᙉࡲࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡿࠋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝ࡢᝏே࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᮏᙜ࡟෭ࡓ࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞

࠸ࠋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡢᅜẸᛶࡣ୙᏶඲࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࡝ࡢᅜࡢᅜẸࡶ᏶඲࡞ࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡢࡣ௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ (Abinger Harvest, 14-15)ࠋ

ࣟ࢝ࣝࣀ᮲⣙࡟ࡼࡾ⊂௖ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ⦆࿴ࡋ㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡀࡋࡤࡽࡃࡢ㛫㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃࡍࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓ᫬ᮇ࡟㸪ࠕୡ⏺ࡢᅜࠎࡣ஫࠸࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡶ⮳ᛴ㸪⌮ゎࡋྜࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞

࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡶ㸪ᨻᗓࡢ௓ධ࡞ࡋ࡟ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ᆅ⌫ࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ௒ྛᅜࡢ㐠࿨ࡣ஫࠸ࡢ⭎

࡟ࡺࡔࡡࡽࢀࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࠿ࡽࠋࠖ(“The nations must understand one another, and

quickly; and without the interposition of their governments, for the shrinkage of the globe

is throwing them into one another’s arms”) (Abinger Harvest, 15) ࡜ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣࡲ࡜

ࡵࡿࠋ



ᴦኳⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡣ㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ኱ᡓࡀ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡑ࠺࡟࡞࠸ᅜ㝿ⓗ⥭ᙇࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜࠸࠺⌧ᐇࡢ㞴

㢟ࢆ๓࡟ࡋ࡚ࡺࡽࡄࠋ࠿ࡘ࡚ࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࡛࠘㸪ಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀࡀゎỴࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪ᩥ᫂ࡢၥ

㢟ࡶゎỴࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࡀ࢖ࣥࢻே࡟♩൤ṇࡋࡃࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ୧Ẹ᪘ࡢ⣮

தࡣ࠸ࡘ࠿ゎỴ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⌧ᐇࡣࡑࢇ࡞

࡟⡆༢࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣㄆࡵࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ

ࢪ ࣙ ࢼࢧ ࣭ࣥ ࣮ࣟ ࢬ

(Jonathan Rose) ࡣ࢚ࠗࢻ࣮࣡ࢻᮅேࡢẼ㉁1895-1919࠘(The

Edwardian Temperament 1895-1919) ࡢ୰࡛㸪ⱥᅜ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻᮅࡢ᫬௦ࡢᛮ₻࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪

ேࠎࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ࿴ྜࢆ㐍ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ㸪౯್ほࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ேࠎ࡟ࡶᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ

᫬௦࡛㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀࡀὶ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ(40)ࠋ࣮ࣟࢬ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮

ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪

1939ᖺ1᭶28᪥࡟ࣀࢵࢸ࢕࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢࣘࢽࣦ࢓࣮ࢩࢸ࢕࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࡛㸪ࠕ୕ୡ௦ࠖ(E.

M. Forster, “Three Generations,” lecture at University College, Nottingham, 28 January

1939 in E. M. Forster Papers, King’s College Library, Cambridge University, vol. 16, fols.

183-86) ࡜࠸࠺ㅮ₇ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛㸪ᙼࡀ1912ᖺ࡟࢖ࣥࢻࢆゼࢀࡓ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫே

ࡀ࢖ࣥࢻே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙㐯࡞ែᗘࢆᨵࡵࢀࡤ㸪␗࡞ࡿ୧Ẹ᪘ࡢ㛫࡟㉳ࡇࡿၥ㢟ࡣゎỴࡉࢀࡿࡔ

ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ౛࠼ࡤ⤒῭ၥ㢟㠃ࡶྵࡵ࡚ၥ㢟ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠿

ࡗࡓࡢࡔ࡜Ẽ࡙ࡁ㸪ࠕ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻᮅேࡣಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀࢆ⚄ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃᓫࡵ㸪ࡑࡢࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸

㡿ᇦࢆ㉸࠼࡚ಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀࡀᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠋࠖ (“We deified personal

relationships and expected them to function outside their appropriate sphere.”) (qtd. Rose,

40) ࡜ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻᮅࡢࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ฟ∧ࡋࡓ4ࡘࡢᑠㄝࡍ࡭࡚࡟࠾࠸࡚ಶேⓗே㛫㛵ಀࢆ⌮᝿

໬ࡋ㸪␗࡞ࡿ౯್ほࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇ

ࡢㅮ₇ࡢᩘ࠿᭶๓ࡢ1938ᖺ9᭶࡟ࡣ㸪ࣄࢺ࣮ࣛࡀࢼࢳࢫඪ኱఍࡛ࢳ࢙ࢥ㡿ࢬࢹ࣮ࢸࣥᆅ᪉ྜ

ేࢆせồࡋ㸪10᭶࡟ࡣࢻ࢖ࢶ㌷ࡀࢬࢹ࣮ࢸࣥ࡬౵ධࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪1939ᖺ1᭶࡟ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛

ࡣ㛤ᡓࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ࡯࡝࡟ᅜ㝿ⓗ⥭ᙇࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋୡ⏺ᜍៃ௨㝆ࡃࡍࡪࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ⤒῭ၥ

㢟ࢆ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡣṊຊ࡛ゎỴࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬௦㸪㐲࠿ࡽࡎ෌ࡧୡ⏺኱ᡓ࡟ྥ࠿

࠸ጞࡵࡓ᫬௦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࠕ⚾ࡢಙ᮲ࠖ

 ࢫࢸ࢖ࣉ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ1938ᖺ1᭶9᪥࡟ࠕ⚾ࡢಙ᮲ࠖ(“What I Believe”)ᇳ➹࡟

࡜ࡾ࠿࠿ࡾ㸪1938ᖺ7᭶㸪ࠕẸ୺୺⩏࡟୓ṓ஧ၐࠖ(“Two Cheers for Democracy”) ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢽ

࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡࡢࠗࢿ࢖ࢩࣙࣥ࠘

(Nation) ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᚋ࡟ࠕ⚾ࡢಙ᮲ࠖ(“What I Believe”)

࡜ࡋ࡚ホㄽ㞟ࠗẸ୺୺⩏࡟୓ṓ஧ၐ࠘(Two Cheers for Democracy, 1951) ࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓ

(Stape, 125-26)ࠋࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪᐀ᩍⓗ㸪Ẹ᪘ⓗ㏕ᐖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ⿣࠿ࢀࡓୡ⏺࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ

ᙜ࡟኱஦࡞ᐶᐜࡸၿពࡸྠ᝟࡞࡝࡛ࡣ㛫࡟ྜࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪⮬⾨ୖㄡࡶࡀ⮬ศࡢಙ᮲ࢆసࡽࡊ

ࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸⌧௦ࡣಙ᮲ࡢ᫬௦࡛࠶ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ࠕ⚾ࡣ⤯ᑐⓗಙ᮲ࢆಙࡌ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ

(“I DO NOT

believe in Belief.”) (Two Cheers for Democracy, 68) ࡜㏙࡭ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪⮬ศࡣࡦ࡜ࡾࡢಶ

ே୺⩏⪅࡛⮬⏤୺⩏⪅࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ゝㄽࡀẚ㍑ⓗ⮬⏤࡞࠺ࡕ࡟ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡀ㸪

ࡇࡢ⮬⏤ࡶࡑࢀ࡯࡝㛗ࡃࡣ⥆࠿࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ



ࠕᐶᐜࡢ⢭⚄ࠖ

ࠕᐶᐜࡢ⢭⚄ࠖ

(‘Tolerance”) (Listener, 31 July 1941, and Vital Speeches of the Day, 15

October 1941, both as ‘The Unsung Virtue of Tolerance,” Two Cheers for Democracy (1951)

࡟཰㘓) ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩛᅜࡢேࠎ࡜ࡶඹᏑࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᡓᚋୡ⏺ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚㸪᥍࠼ࡵ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿ

ࡀ㸪ᾘᴟⓗ⨾ᚨࡢᐶᐜ࡜᝿ീຊࡢᚲせᛶࢆㄝ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ࠶ࡿẸ᪘ࡀ᎘࠸࡛ࡶ㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ

ᡃ៏ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋឡࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪

࣭࣭࣭ࡓࡔ㸪ᐶᐜ

ࡢ⢭⚄࡛ᙼࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᡃ៏ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ດࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐶᐜࡢ⢭⚄ࡀᅵྎ࡟࡞ࢀࡤ㸪

ᩥ᫂ࡢྡ࡟್ࡍࡿᮍ᮶ࢆ⠏ࡅࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀ௨እ࡟㸪ᡓᚋୡ⏺ࡢᇶ♏ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ

ࠖ

(“If you don’t like people, put up with them as well as you can. Don’t try to love them . . . .

But try to tolerate them. On the basis of that tolerance a civilized future may be built.

Certainly I can see no other foundation for the post-war world.”) (Two Cheers for

Democracy, 46)

ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ᩛࡔࡗࡓࢻ࢖ࢶே࡜ࡶᡓᚋࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ

ࡔ࠿ࡽ㸪ᖹ࿴ࡀ᮶ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣᐶᐜࡢ⢭⚄ࡀ⤯ᑐ࡟ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪௚ேࡢ≬ಙⓗ

࡞⢭⚄ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡢࡣᐜ᫆ࡔࡀ㸪⮬ศࡢࡑࢀࢆぢᢤࡃࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ (“it is very easy to see

fanaticism in other people, but difficult to spot in oneself”) (Two Cheers for Democracy,

47) ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛᝿ീຊࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᐶᐜࡣᙅࡉ࡜ࡣ㐪࠺ࡇ

࡜㸪ே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᡃ៏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᒅ᭹ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ (“Tolerance is not the same as

weakness. Putting up with people does not mean giving in to them”) (Two Cheers for

Democracy, 48) ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

཯ࣇ࢓ࢩࢬ࣒఍㆟࡜ᕷẸⓗ⮬⏤ࡢࡓࡵࡢ඲ᅜ༠㆟఍

ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ1935ᖺ6᭶21᪥㹼25᪥࡟ࣃ࡛ࣜ㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ཯ࣇ࢓ࢩࢬ࣒୺⩏ࡢᅜ㝿సᐙ఍

㆟ (The International Writers’ Congress at the Palais de la Mutualité) ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕ࢖ࢠ

ࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬⏤ࠖ

(“Liberty in England”) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚₇ㄝࡋࡓࠋᑠ㔝ᑎ೺ࡶࠗ㹃࣭㹋࣭ࣇ࢛࣮

ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢጼໃ࠘ࡢ୰࡛㸪ࠕBBC࡛ᡓ᫬୰࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓゝㄽ⤫ไ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㞟ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶཧຍ

ࡋࡓᙼࡣ㸪୍㈏ࡋ࡚ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᡓࠖ(278) ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ1938ᖺ12᭶࡟

ࡣ㸪ࠕᕷẸⓗ⮬⏤ࡢࡓࡵࡢ඲ᅜ఍㆟ࠖ(The National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL㸸୍

⯡ᕷẸࡢ⮬⏤࡜ᶒ฼ࡢᏲㆤ࣭ᣑ኱ࢆࡣ࠿ࡾ㸪ᕪูࡸᶒ฼ࡢ஘⏝࡜ᡓ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓᅋయ))

࡟ࡶཧຍࡋ㸪

1940ᖺ9᭶15᪥㸪22᪥㸪29᪥࡟ࡣ㸪཯ࢼࢳࢬ࣒࡜ᩥ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᨺ㏦ (anti-Nazi

talks in a series on Natizm and Culture) ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡉࡽ࡟9᭶26᪥࡟ࣜࢫࢼ࣮ (Listener) ࡟

“Two Cultures: The Quick and the the Dead”㸪10᭶3᪥࡟ࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥࢥ࣮ࣜࣥࢢ (London

Calling) ࡟ “What has Germany done to the Germany?)㸪10᭶10᪥࡟ࡶࣟࣥࢻ࣭ࣥࢥ࣮ࣜ

ࣥࢢ࡟

“What would Germany do to the Britain if She Won?” ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ (Stape, 131)ࠋ

1941ᖺ1᭶࡟ࠕ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖ (“Freedom of Expression”) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪3᭶࡟ࡶNCCL࡛ࠕBBC

࡜ぢゎࡢ⮬⏤ࠖ (“The BBC and Freedom of Opinion”) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱

ᡓ๓ࡶᡓ᫬୰ࡶ཯ࣇ࢓࢖ࢬ࣒ࡢᅜ㝿఍㆟࡛ㅮ₇ࢆࡋࡓࡾ㸪ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㅮ₇ࢆࡋࡓࡾ㸪



㞧ㄅ࡛ࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ⬣ጾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪㠀ᭀຊࡢ⾜ືࢆకࡗࡓࠕᖹ࿴୺⩏⪅ࠖ

(pacifist) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

V㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ

୧኱ᡓ୰ཬࡧᡓ㛫ᮇࡢE࣭M࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢάື࡜㸪᫬௦ࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿᑠㄝࡸホㄽࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪

సᐙࡀᡓத࡜ᡓᚋࡢୡ⏺࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰᵓ࠼࡛ྥࡁྜ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

సᐙࡣ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࣭࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ᝟ໃ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪᪑ඛࡸ㉱௵ᆅ࡛ࡢయ㦂ࡶࡩࡲ࠼࡚㸪ゝ

ㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࡢ኱ษࡉࢆッ࠼㸪ᖇᅜ୺⩏ࡸ␗ᩥ໬࣭␗ᩥ᫂࡬ࡢ೫ぢࢆཝࡋࡃ⣕ᙎࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞

࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆᇳ➹ࡋ㸪ㅮ₇ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰ࡢ࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔࡛ࡢᅜ㝿㉥༑Ꮠࡢ

⫋ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ໅ົ㸪࢖ࣥࢻ᪑⾜࡜ᅾࢆ⤒࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡓࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘㸪ཬࡧ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱

ᡓ๓࣭ᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋࡢホㄽ࡜ㅮ₇࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪ࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬ࡢ㐨࠘௨ᚋࡣ㸪᪂ࡓ

࡟ᑠㄝ࡛ㄪ࿴ࡢୡ⏺ࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡁࡽࡵࡿࡀ㸪ᡓᚋୡ⏺ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪࠸࠿࡟ඹᏑࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃

࠼ጞࡵ㸪ホㄽࡸᨺ㏦㸪ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤࡟㛵ࢃࡿ఍㆟࡬ࡢཧຍࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ேࠎ࡟ࡑࡢ⪃࠼ࢆⓎಙࡋ⥆

ࡅࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᡓ᫬୰࠿ࡽ㸪ᩛᅜࡢேࠎ࡜ࡶඹᏑࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᡓᚋୡ⏺ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚㸪᥍

࠼ࡵ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᾘᴟⓗ⨾ᚨࡢᐶᐜ࡜᝿ീຊࡢᚲせᛶࢆㄝ࠸ࡓࠋࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣ㠀ᭀຊࡢ⾜

ືࢆకࡗࡓࠕᖹ࿴୺⩏⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㐣ཤ࡟ࡓࡔᛮ࠸ࢆࡣࡏࡿࡼࡾࡶ㸪ᡓᚋࡢᅔ㞴࡞ୡ⏺᝟

ໃࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪ୡ⏺ࡢᅜࠎࡢඹᏑ࡜ேࠎࡢ┦஫⌮ゎ࡜࠸࠺㞴㢟࡟❧ࡕྥ࠿࠺ࡓࡵ࡟኱ษ࡞ᚰᵓ

࠼࡜ᩍ⫱ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࡓసᐙ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ

ὀ

1) ࢣࣥࣈࣜࢵࢪ኱Ꮫ࢟ࣥࢢࢫ࣭࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢᩥ᭩㤋 (King’s College Archives) ࡢthe Forster

Papersࡢ୍ḟ㈨ᩱ࡟ࡣ㸪ไసᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚1910-1912࡜ࢱ࢖ࣉࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ1913-1914࡜ಟṇ

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ∧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ(Yoshi Kenmotsu, Moral Dilemmas of the Middle Classes in E. M.

Forster’s Novels, 7-8)

2) ๓༙ࡢࠕࣇ࢓ࣟࢫ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪ࣇ࢓ࣟࢫᓥࡢṔྐ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢺࣟ࢖ᡓதࡀ⤊ࢃࡾ࣓ࢿࣛ

࢜ࢫࡀᖐ㑏ࡢ㏵࡟ࡘ࠸ࡓ࠶ࡓࡾ࠿ࡽㄒࡾጞࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋᚋ༙ࡢࠕࣇ࢓࡛ࣜࣟࣥࠖࡣ㸪ࣇ࢓ࣟࢫ

኱ⅉྎࡣᔂࢀཤࡾࣇ࢓ࣜࣟࣥⅉྎࡀ௦ࢃࡾ࡟❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1779ᖺࡢኟ㸪࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜ࢔࡟

ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃேࡢኵጔࡀ㐼㐝ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞஦௳ࡀㄒࡽࢀ㸪ࡸࡀ࡚⌧ᅾࡢ࢔ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻ

ࣜ࢔ࡢࢫࢣࢵࢳ࡟࠿ࢃࡿࠋ

3) ࠕᮏࢆ᭩ࡇ࠺࡜࠸࠺ពᛮࡣ㸪᪩ࡃࡶ1917ᖺ9᭶ࡢ᭩⡆ [C࣭E࣭࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥ࠶࡚1917ᖺ9᭶

2᪥࡙ࡅ᭩⡆ࠋ

DG p.236] ࡟㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣟࣞࣥࢫࡣᦠ⾜ࡢ㌷⏝⟢࡟࣓ࣔࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆጞ

ࡵࡓࡀ㸪ᩛࡢᡭ࡟Ώࡿᜍࢀ࠿ࡽ㌷஦࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣゐࢀࡎ㸪஦≀ࡢᥥ෗ࡀ୰ᚰࡔࡗࡓࠋே

≀ࡸሙᡤࡢせⅬࡀ㸪⤮ࢆぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟グࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣟࣞࣥࢫࡀࡢࡕ࡟ࠕ࠶ࡲࡾሙᡤ

ࡸ᪥࡙ࡅ࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡽࡎ㸪⛣ື୰࡟㠡ୖ࡛ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡘ࡙ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㉮ࡾ᭩ࡁࡢᆅᅗ㸪㒊

᪘Ẹ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣓ࣔ㸪⮬ศࡔࡅࡢᑍᥥ㸪ហ⑵㸪ࡑࢇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡂࡲࡏࢇࠖ

[ࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࣭ࢩࣙ

࣮࠶࡚1926ᖺ6᭶11᪥࡙ࡅ᭩⡆ࠋ

Letters I, p. 183] ࡜᭩࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡔࠋࠖ㸦J࣭࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥ⦅ࠕ⦅

⪅ゎ㢟ࠖ㸪⏣㝰ᜏ⏕ヂࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ 5࠘㸪282-83㸧



4) ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂࡣ⏣㝰ᜏ⏕ヂࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘(ᮾὒᩥᗜ777㸹ᖹซ♫) ࢆ

ཧ⪃࡟ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋᮏᩥᘬ⏝⟠ᡤࡢཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠋ

The story which follows was

first written out in Paris during the Peace Conference, from notes jotted daily on the march,

strengthened by some reports sent to my chiefs in Cairo. Afterwards, in the autumn of

1919, this first draft and some of the notes were lost. . . . In these pages the history is not

of the Arab movement, but of me in it. It is a narrative of daily life, mean happenings,

little people. Here are no lessons for the world, no disclosures to shock peoples. It is

filled with trivial things, partly that no one mistake for history the bones from which some

day a man may make history, and partly for the pleasure it gave me to recall the fellowship

of the revolt. (T. E. Lawrence, ‘Introductory Chapter,’ Seven Pillars of Wisdom, (Ware,

Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1935 & 1997) (5-6)

5) ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡣ1919ᖺ࡟All Souls College, Oxfordࡢ≉ู◊✲ဨ㸦ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭ࣇ࢙࣮ࣟ㸧࡟㑅

ฟࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ (ᖺ㢠㺿200ࢆཷ㡿) ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢᇳ➹ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪

➨1✏ࢆ㥐࡛⣮ኻࡋ㸪ࡍࡄ࡟➨2✏࡟╔ᡭ㸪1920ᖺ࡟ࡣ➨3✏㸦⣙33.5୓ㄒ㸧࡟╔ᡭࡋࡓࠋ1922

ᖺ5᭶9᪥㸪➨3✏᏶ᡂࠋ1926ᖺ11᭶㸪ண⣙⪅∧ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘㸦⣙25୓ㄒ㸧ห⾜ࠋ1927ᖺ3᭶㸪

ண⣙⪅∧ࡢ▷⦰∧ࠗ◁₍ࡢ཯஘࠘

(Revolt in the Desert)

ห⾜ࠋ1935ᖺ5᭶࡟ࣟࣞࣥࢫࡀ஺㏻

஦ᨾ࡛ஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓᚋ㸪

1935ᖺ7᭶㸪ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࠘ࡢ⡆⣙ᬑཬ∧ห⾜ࠋ1973ᖺ㸪⡆⣙ᬑཬ∧ࡢ

↓๐㝖∧ห⾜ࠋ1997ᖺ11᭶㸪ࢪ࢙࣑࣮࣭ࣞ࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥ⦅ࡢ᏶඲∧ࠗ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ࢜ࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮

ࢻ࣭ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࠘➨1∧ห⾜ࠋ㸦ඵᮌ㇂ᾴᏊࠕT. E. ࣟࣞࣥࢫᖺ⾲ࠖ㸪ࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ 5࠘㸧㸧

6) ᮏᩥᘬ⏝⟠ᡤࡢཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠋIt contains nearly 330,000 words, and was printed

by the Oxford Times in double column on one side of the paper. Fearful of prolixity, the

author set to work to cut it down by 50,000 words. He removed, among other passages, the

entire opening chapter, which seems a pity, for it was a helpful piece of writing and

propelled the reader easily into the action. (One sentence in that cancelled chapter always

stays in my memory: ‘All the subject provinces of the Empire to me were not worth one

dead English boy’: a sentence to be weighed against ‘The sword also means cleanness and

death,’ which is stamped on the cover of the present volume.) (“T. E. Lawrence,” 139-40)

7) ࠕT࣭E࣭ࣟࣞࣥࢫࠖࡢ᪥ᮏㄒヂࡣࠗE. M. ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ⴭస㞟 9 ࢔ࣅࣥࢪ࣮࣭ࣕࣁ࣮࣋

ࢫࢺ I࠘㸦ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ㸧ࡢ໭ᲄᩥ⥴ヂࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩

Forster, E. M. Alexandria: A History and a Guide and Pharos and Pharillon. London:

André Deutsch, 2004.

---. Abinger Harvest. 1936. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1964.

---. A Passage to India. 1924. Edward Arnold: London㸪 1978.

---. “Gibbon and his Autography” in Two Cheers for Democracy. 162-66.

---. “Notes on the English Character” in Abinger Harvest. 3-15.



---. “Tolerance” in

Two Cheers for Democracy. 44-48.

---. Two Cheers for Democracy. 1951. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979

Kenmotsu, Yoshi. Moral Dilemmas of the Middle Classes in E. M. Forster’s Novels.

Eichosha, 2003.

Lawrence, T. E. “Introductory Chapter.” Edited by J. Wilson.

Seven Pillars of Wisdom.

Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1935 and 1997.

Rose, Jonathan. The Edwardian Temperament 1895-1919.

Athens, Ohio: Ohio UP,

1986.

Spear, Hilda D. and Abdel Moneim Aly, eds. Forster

in Egypt: A Graeco-Alexandrian

Encounter . London: Cecil Woolf, 1987.

Stape, J. H. An E. M. Forster Chronology. London: Macmillan, 1993.

஬༑ᔒ኱ ࠕ࠶ࡢ࡜ࡁẕࡣึࡵ࡚ᛣࡗࡓࠋᑠᏛ⏕ࡢࡰࡃࡀ┤㠃ࡋࡓ㞀ᐖ⪅࡜ࡑࡢᐙ᪘࡬ࡢࠕᕪ

ู ࠖ ࠖ

huffingtonpost.jp. 2020 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 8 ᪥ <https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/entry/

story_jp_5e3cbd2cc5b6f1f57f0e2e5b>

࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥ㸪J. ࠕ⦅⪅ᨵ㢟ࠖࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ 5࠘㸬

Ụཱྀᮔ㑻⦅ ࠗୡ⏺ࡢṔྐ14 ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࡢୡ⏺࠘୰බᩥᗜ㸬1975㸬

ᑠ㔝ᑎ೺ ࠗE. M. ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢጼໃ࠘ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ㸬2001㸬

ᑠ㔝ᑎ೺㸪ᕝᮏ㟼Ꮚ㸪ᑠụ⁠㸪໭ᲄᩥ⥴ඹヂ ࠗE. M. ࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ⴭస㞟 9 ࢔ࣅࣥࢪ࣮࣭ࣕ

ࣁ࣮࣋ࢫࢺ I࠘ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ㸬1995.

⏣㝮ᜏ⏕ヂ ࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ 5࠘ᖹซ♫㸬2008㸬

ඵᮌ㇂ᾴᏊ ࠕT. E. ࣟࣞࣥࢫᖺ⾲ࠖࠗ᏶඲∧ ▱ᜨࡢ୐ᰕ 5࠘㸬