• 検索結果がありません。

バーゼル問題の簡単な解法

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

シェア "バーゼル問題の簡単な解法"

Copied!
1
0
0

読み込み中.... (全文を見る)

全文

(1)

バーゼル問題の簡単な解法

大浦拓哉

バーゼル問題(平方数の逆数和を問う問題)の解 π2

6 =

k=1

1

k2 = 1 + 1 22 + 1

32 + 1 42 + 1

52 +· · · (1)

の簡単で初等的な証明を示す.

[証明]三角関数の基本的性質より,

2 3 = 1

4 (2

3 + 1 sin2π4

)

, 1

sin2θ = sin2 θ2 + cos2 θ2 4 sin2 θ2cos2θ2 = 1

4 ( 1

sin2 θ2 + 1 sin2(π2 2θ)

)

が成り立ち,この2式を繰り返し用いると,

2

3 = 1

4 (2

3 + 1 sin2 π4

)

= 1 4

(1 4

(2 3 + 1

sin2π4 )

+1 4

( 1

sin2π8 + 1 sin2 3π8

))

= 1

16 (2

3 + 1

sin2 π8 + 1

sin2 2π8 + 1 sin2 3π8

)

= · · ·

= 1

4n (2

3+

2n1

k=1

1 sin2 2n+1πk

)

が得られる.ここでθk=πk/2n+1 (k= 1,2,· · ·,2n1)と置くとsinθk< θk<tanθkから,

1

sin2θk > 1

θ2k > 1

tan2θk = 1 sin2θk 1

が成り立ち,この不等式をk= 1から2n1まで足し合わせ1/4n倍すると,

2 3 2

3·4n > 4 π2

2n1

k=1

1 k2 > 2

3 2

3·4n 2n1 4n

が得られる.そしてn→ ∞とすると 3·24n 0, 2n4n1 0だから(1)式が成り立つ.

この証明は,[1][2]の改良版に相当する.

参考文献

[1] A. M. Yaglom, I. M. Yaglom, An elementary derivation of the formulas of Wallis, Leib- nitz and Euler for the numberπ, Uspekhi Mat. Nauk 57(1953) 181-187.

[2] J. Hofbauer, A simple proof of 1 +212+312+· · ·= π62 and related identities, Amer. Math.

Monthly 109 (2002) 196-200.

参照

関連したドキュメント

Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa (N.F., T.Y., M. Kawashiri, K.H., M.Y.); Department of Pediatrics,

derivatives of solutions for the equations of motion of compressible viscous and.

Key words: acorn worms, reproductive season, the Sea of Japan, synchronized spawning, tidal

Permanent versus determinant, geometric complexity theory, orbit closures, representations, plethysms, Kronecker coefficients, Young tableaux, highest weight vectors.. ∗ This is

In § 3 we define the mixed flat affine differential manifolds and we give examples of such (left-invariants) structures on Lie groups of low dimensions; the set of all the mixed

Keywords: homology representation, permutation module, Andre permutations, simsun permutation, tangent and Genocchi

of ISE

In this paper, we obtain various properties of the ratio A n =G n , including sharp and explicit lower and upper bounds, precise asymptotic expansion, and monotonicity.. More