Fundamental Study on the Variability of the Office Environment Aimed at Improving Comfort

Fundamental Study on the Variability of the Office Environment Aimed at Improving Comfort

Hirotaka YONEDA^* , Mitsunori MIKI^* , Masashi NAKAMURA^** , Tomoki HIRAI^**

(Received January 21, 2019)

In recent years, researches on improving comfort in offices are widely conducted. As there are numerous environmental factors in the office, we need to comprehensively grasp environmental factors in order to improve the comfort of the office worker. However, little has been reported on what kind of environment is selected in such multiple environment. In this study, we constructed the system that subjects can change each environment and verified the appropriateness of the system.

The environmental factors that subjects can select in this experiment are illuminance and color temperature (CCT) by ceiling light, color and brightness of wall light, image and volume of virtual window. In the result, room environments that subjects selected are wide individual differences. The present result suggested that providing individual environment for each worker is important. In addition, in the result of the questionnaire, being able to select environment freely improves the environmental evaluation in comparison with standard offices’ environment. According to these results, we can see that this system should contribute to the verification of the office environment which workers prefer.

Key words : environmental control, office, complex environment, wall light, virtual window Ωʔϫʔυ: ؀ڥ੍ޚɼΦϑΟεɼෳ߹؀ڥɼน໘র໌ɼٖࣅ૭

ΦϑΟεʹ͓͚Δշదੑͷ޲্Λ໨తͱͨࣥ͠຿؀ڥͷՄมੑͷجૅతݕ౼

ถా ߒਸ, ࡾ໦ ޫൣ, தଜ ੣࢘, ฏҪ ༑थ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ

ۙ೥ɼΦϑΟε؀ڥͷվળʹؔ৺͕ू·͍ͬͯΔɽ ΦϑΟε؀ڥʹؔ͢ΔઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼΦϑΟε؀ڥΛ վળ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࣥ຿ऀͷ஌తੜ࢈ੑͷ޲্΍ετϨε ͷܰݮʹܨ͕Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ^{1, 2)}ɽΦϑΟεͷ؀

ڥҼࢠʹ͸ޫɾԹ౓ɾԻɾ೏͍ͳͲ͕͋Δɽਓ͸ޒײ Λ௨ͯ͡֎ք͔Β৘ใΛಘ͓ͯΓɼͦͷதͰ࠷΋৘ใ

ྔ͕ଟ͍ͷ͸ࢹ֮Ͱɼ࣍ʹ৘ใྔ͕ଟ͍ͷ͸ௌ֮Ͱ͋

Δ³⁾ɽ·ͨɼਓ͸୯Ұͷ؀ڥҼࢠ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼෳ਺ͷ

؀ڥҼࢠ͔Βಘͨ৘ใ͔Βෳ߹తʹ൑அ͠ɼ؀ڥͷධ ՁΛߦͳ͍ͬͯΔ^{4, 5)}ɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼࣥ຿ऀ͕ΑΓշ దͱײ͡Δ؀ڥΛఏڙ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼෳ਺ͷ؀ڥҼࢠ Λෳ߹తʹଊ͑Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽͦͷͨΊɼຊݚڀͰ͸

ࢹ֮ͱͯ͠র໌؀ڥͱ૭ʹɼௌ֮ͱͯ͠૭͔Βͷ؀ڥ Իʹ஫໨ͨ͠ɽ

র໌؀ڥʹؔ͢ΔઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼࣥ຿ऀ͝ͱʹշద

ੑ͕޲্͢Δর౓ͱ૬ؔ৭Թ౓ʢҎԼɼ৭Թ౓ʣ͕ҟͳ

* Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto

Telephone:+81-774-65-6930, Fax:+81-774-65-6716, E-mail:mmiki@mail.doshisha.ac.jp

** Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto

Telephone:+81-80-3866-7382, Fax:+81-790-45-0043, E-mail:hyoneda@mikilab.doshisha.ac.jp

Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁶⁾ɽ·ͨɼ૭ʹؔ͢ΔઌߦݚڀͰ

͸ɼ૭ͷ༗ແ͕ࣥ຿ऀͷշదੑʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δͱใࠂ

͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼ૭ͷ୅ସ෺ͱͯ͠σΟ εϓϨΠΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰຊདྷͷ૭ͱಉ౳ͷޮ༻͕ಘΒ ΕΔ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ⁸⁾ɽ૭ʹσΟεϓϨΠ Λ༻͍Δͱɼө૾Λมߋ͢Δ͜ͱͰ૭͔Βͷܠ؍Λม ߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼܠ؍ͷҧ͍͕շదੑʹӨڹΛ༩͑

Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽҎ্ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼর໌΍૭ͷ

؀ڥΛ੍ޚ͠มߋͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͸ॏཁͰ͋Δͱݴ͑Δɽ

͔͠͠ɼҰൠతͳΦϑΟεͰ͸ɼҰͭͷ෦԰ʹෳ਺ͷࣥ

຿ऀ͕ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼݸਓ͝ͱͷ؀ڥͷ੍ޚ͕ࠔ

೉Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏໰୊͕͋ΔɽҰํͰɼۙ೥ΦϑΟεܗ ଶͱಇ͖ํͷଟ༷Խ͕ਐΜͰ͍Δ⁹⁾ɽͦͷྫͱͯ͠ɼ ݸࣨΛඋ͑ΔίϫʔΩϯάεϖʔεͷ૿Ճ΍ࣗ୐Ͱͷ ϦϞʔτϫʔΫͷීٴͳͲ͕ڍ͛ΒΕΔɽ͜ΕʹΑΓ ݸۭࣨؒͰͷࣥ຿͕૿Ճ͍ͯ͠ΔɽݸࣨͰ͸ଞͷࣥ຿

ऀ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ͨΊɼࣥ຿ऀ͝ͱʹࣨ಺؀ڥΛ੍ޚ͠ɼ

࠷దͳ؀ڥΛఏڙͰ͖Δɽ

ΑͬͯຊݚڀͰ͸ɼݸۭࣨؒʹ͓͚Δࣨ಺؀ڥ੍ޚ ʹ஫໨্ͨ͠Ͱɼෳ਺ͷࣨ಺؀ڥΛݸผʹ੍ޚͰ͖Δ γεςϜΛߏங͠ɼͦͷ༗ޮੑΛݕ౼͢Δɽ

2. γεςϜͷߏங

2.1 औΓѻ͏؀ڥҼࢠ 2.1.1 ఱҪর໌

ΦϑΟεͷর໌͸ص্໘র౓͕700 lxҎ্ͰҰ཯

ʹͳΔΑ͏఺౮͢Δ͜ͱ͕ҰൠతͰ͋Δ¹⁰⁾ɽ͔͠͠ɼ ఱҪর໌ʹؔ͢ΔઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼࣥ຿ऀͷ࢓ࣄʹٻΊ ΒΕΔর౓͓Αͼ৭Թ౓͸ݸਓʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ͜ͱ͕

ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ^{6, 11)}ɽࣥ຿ऀ͕࠷దͱײ͡Δর౓͸

250ʙ500 lxͰ͋Γɼ৭Թ౓͸ݸਓʹΑͬͯબ޷͕ҟ

ͳΔ^{6, 12)}ɽ৭Թ౓͸೔ຊ޻ۀن֨ʹΑΓ2600ʙ7100

KͷؒͰனޫ৭ɼனന৭ɼന৭ɼԹന৭ɼిٿ৭ͷ5 छྨʹ۠ผ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼͦͷͳ͔Ͱனޫ৭ɼന৭ɼి

ٿ৭Λ࠾༻ͨ͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼຊγεςϜͰબ୒Ͱ͖Δ র౓͸300 lxɼ500 lxɼ700 lxͱ͠ɼ৭Թ౓͸3000 Kɼ 4500 Kɼ6000 Kͱͨ͠ɽ

2.1.2 น໘র໌

ఱҪর໌͸র౓ͱ৭Թ౓Λݸਓͷ޷Έͷ؀ڥʹ͢Δ

͜ͱͰշదੑ͕޲্͢Δɽ͔͠͠ɼҰൠతͳΦϑΟε ͷఱҪর໌ͷর౓΍৭Թ౓͸ՄมͰͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɽ

·ͨɼর౓΍৭Թ౓͕มߋՄೳͳఱҪর໌Λಋೖ͠Α

͏ͱͯ͠΋ɼϨϯλϧΦϑΟεͰ͋ͬͨΓಋೖඅ༻͕

ߴՁͳ͜ͱ͔Βಋೖ͕೉͍͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼಋೖ͕༰қ ͳน໘র໌ʹ஫໨͕ू·͍ͬͯΔɽน໘র໌ͱ͸μ΢

ϯϥΠτ΍εϙοτϥΠτͳͲΛ༻͍ͯน໘ʹޫΛর

ࣹ͠ɼน໘શମΛ໌Δ͘Ͱ͖Δর໌Ͱ͋ΔɽఱҪর໌

Ͱ͸࣮ݱෆՄೳͳ༷ʑͳ৭Λ࣮ݱ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼࣨ

಺ͷҹ৅Λେ͖͘ม͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽຊγεςϜͰ બ୒Ͱ͖Δน໘র໌ͷ৭͸৭૬6৭ʢᒵɼԫɼനɼԫ

྘ɼਫɼ੨ʣͱͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼน໘র໌ͷ໌Δ͞͸֤৭ ʹରͯ͠ফ౮ΛؚΉ4ஈ֊ͱͨ͠ɽ

2.1.3 ٖࣅ૭

૭ͷޮ༻ʹ͸ɼ֎քͱͷͭͳ͕ΓʹΑΔ։์ײͷ޲

্ɼྑ޷ͳܠ؍͔ΒಘΒΕΔർ࿑ճ෮ޮՌ΍շదੑͷ

޲্ͳͲ͕͋Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽ͔͠͠ɼۙ೥౎

ࢢԽ΍Ϗϧͷେن໛Խʹ൐͍ɼ૭ͷͳ͍ΦϑΟε͕૿

Ճ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳΦϑΟεʹ૭ͷޮ༻Λ΋ͨΒ

ͨ͢Ίͷखஈͱͯ͠ɼٖࣅ૭ͷઃஔ͕͋Δɽٖࣅ૭ͱ

͸ɼ૭ͷ૷০Λͨ͠ӷথσΟεϓϨΠʹ෩ܠө૾Λө

ࣸ͠ɼٖࣅతʹ૭ͷΑ͏ʹݟͤͨ૭ͷ୅ସ෺Ͱ͋Δɽ

ٖࣅ૭ͷྫΛFig.1ʹࣔ͢ɽΦϑΟε؀ڥͷվળΛ໨

తͱͨ͠ઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼ૭ͷ୅ସ෺ͱٖͯ͠ࣅ૭Λ༻

͍Δ͜ͱͰຊདྷͷ૭ͱಉ౳ͷޮ༻͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔

ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ⁸⁾ɽ·ͨɼٖࣅ૭͸өࣸ͢Δө૾Λมߋ

͢Δ͜ͱͰܠ؍Λมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼܠ؍ͷҧ͍͸

շదੑʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽͦͷͨ

ΊɼΦϑΟεͰͷշదੑΛ޲্ͤ͞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ૭ͷ ଘࡏͱɼөࣸ͢Δө૾ͷछྨΛߟྀ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ

͋Δͱݴ͑Δɽ

ຊݚڀͰ͸༧උ࣮ݧΛߦͳ͍өࣸ͢Δө૾ͷछྨΛ 3छྨʹݶఆͨ͠ɼ3छྨͷө૾ΛFig.2ʹࣔ͢ɽ·

ͨɼԻྔʹؔͯ͠΋༧උ࣮ݧΛߦͳ͍ɼ޷·ΕͨԻྔͷ

্ݶͱԼݶΛऔಘͨ͠ɽ্ݶͷԻྔͱԼݶͷԻྔʹɼ

্ݶͱԼݶͷؒͷԻྔͱফԻঢ়ଶΛؚΊɼબ୒Մೳͳ Իྔ͸4ஈ֊ͱͨ͠ɽ

Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁶⁾ɽ·ͨɼ૭ʹؔ͢ΔઌߦݚڀͰ

͸ɼ૭ͷ༗ແ͕ࣥ຿ऀͷշదੑʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δͱใࠂ

͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼ૭ͷ୅ସ෺ͱͯ͠σΟ εϓϨΠΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰຊདྷͷ૭ͱಉ౳ͷޮ༻͕ಘΒ ΕΔ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ⁸⁾ɽ૭ʹσΟεϓϨΠ Λ༻͍Δͱɼө૾Λมߋ͢Δ͜ͱͰ૭͔Βͷܠ؍Λม ߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼܠ؍ͷҧ͍͕շదੑʹӨڹΛ༩͑

Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽҎ্ͷ͜ͱ͔Βɼর໌΍૭ͷ

؀ڥΛ੍ޚ͠มߋͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͸ॏཁͰ͋Δͱݴ͑Δɽ

͔͠͠ɼҰൠతͳΦϑΟεͰ͸ɼҰͭͷ෦԰ʹෳ਺ͷࣥ

຿ऀ͕ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼݸਓ͝ͱͷ؀ڥͷ੍ޚ͕ࠔ

೉Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏໰୊͕͋ΔɽҰํͰɼۙ೥ΦϑΟεܗ ଶͱಇ͖ํͷଟ༷Խ͕ਐΜͰ͍Δ⁹⁾ɽͦͷྫͱͯ͠ɼ ݸࣨΛඋ͑ΔίϫʔΩϯάεϖʔεͷ૿Ճ΍ࣗ୐Ͱͷ ϦϞʔτϫʔΫͷීٴͳͲ͕ڍ͛ΒΕΔɽ͜ΕʹΑΓ ݸۭࣨؒͰͷࣥ຿͕૿Ճ͍ͯ͠ΔɽݸࣨͰ͸ଞͷࣥ຿

ऀ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ͨΊɼࣥ຿ऀ͝ͱʹࣨ಺؀ڥΛ੍ޚ͠ɼ

࠷దͳ؀ڥΛఏڙͰ͖Δɽ

ΑͬͯຊݚڀͰ͸ɼݸۭࣨؒʹ͓͚Δࣨ಺؀ڥ੍ޚ ʹ஫໨্ͨ͠Ͱɼෳ਺ͷࣨ಺؀ڥΛݸผʹ੍ޚͰ͖Δ γεςϜΛߏங͠ɼͦͷ༗ޮੑΛݕ౼͢Δɽ

2. γεςϜͷߏங

2.1 औΓѻ͏؀ڥҼࢠ 2.1.1 ఱҪর໌

ΦϑΟεͷর໌͸ص্໘র౓͕700 lxҎ্ͰҰ཯

ʹͳΔΑ͏఺౮͢Δ͜ͱ͕ҰൠతͰ͋Δ¹⁰⁾ɽ͔͠͠ɼ ఱҪর໌ʹؔ͢ΔઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼࣥ຿ऀͷ࢓ࣄʹٻΊ ΒΕΔর౓͓Αͼ৭Թ౓͸ݸਓʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ͜ͱ͕

ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ^{6, 11)}ɽࣥ຿ऀ͕࠷దͱײ͡Δর౓͸

250ʙ500 lxͰ͋Γɼ৭Թ౓͸ݸਓʹΑͬͯબ޷͕ҟ

ͳΔ^{6, 12)}ɽ৭Թ౓͸೔ຊ޻ۀن֨ʹΑΓ2600ʙ7100

KͷؒͰனޫ৭ɼனന৭ɼന৭ɼԹന৭ɼిٿ৭ͷ5 छྨʹ۠ผ͞Ε͓ͯΓɼͦͷͳ͔Ͱனޫ৭ɼന৭ɼి

ٿ৭Λ࠾༻ͨ͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼຊγεςϜͰબ୒Ͱ͖Δ র౓͸300 lxɼ500 lxɼ700 lxͱ͠ɼ৭Թ౓͸3000 Kɼ 4500 Kɼ6000 Kͱͨ͠ɽ

2.1.2 น໘র໌

ఱҪর໌͸র౓ͱ৭Թ౓Λݸਓͷ޷Έͷ؀ڥʹ͢Δ

͜ͱͰշదੑ͕޲্͢Δɽ͔͠͠ɼҰൠతͳΦϑΟε ͷఱҪর໌ͷর౓΍৭Թ౓͸ՄมͰͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɽ

·ͨɼর౓΍৭Թ౓͕มߋՄೳͳఱҪর໌Λಋೖ͠Α

͏ͱͯ͠΋ɼϨϯλϧΦϑΟεͰ͋ͬͨΓಋೖඅ༻͕

ߴՁͳ͜ͱ͔Βಋೖ͕೉͍͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼಋೖ͕༰қ ͳน໘র໌ʹ஫໨͕ू·͍ͬͯΔɽน໘র໌ͱ͸μ΢

ϯϥΠτ΍εϙοτϥΠτͳͲΛ༻͍ͯน໘ʹޫΛর

ࣹ͠ɼน໘શମΛ໌Δ͘Ͱ͖Δর໌Ͱ͋ΔɽఱҪর໌

Ͱ͸࣮ݱෆՄೳͳ༷ʑͳ৭Λ࣮ݱ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼࣨ

಺ͷҹ৅Λେ͖͘ม͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɽຊγεςϜͰ બ୒Ͱ͖Δน໘র໌ͷ৭͸৭૬6৭ʢᒵɼԫɼനɼԫ

྘ɼਫɼ੨ʣͱͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼน໘র໌ͷ໌Δ͞͸֤৭ ʹରͯ͠ফ౮ΛؚΉ4ஈ֊ͱͨ͠ɽ

2.1.3 ٖࣅ૭

૭ͷޮ༻ʹ͸ɼ֎քͱͷͭͳ͕ΓʹΑΔ։์ײͷ޲

্ɼྑ޷ͳܠ؍͔ΒಘΒΕΔർ࿑ճ෮ޮՌ΍շదੑͷ

޲্ͳͲ͕͋Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽ͔͠͠ɼۙ೥౎

ࢢԽ΍Ϗϧͷେن໛Խʹ൐͍ɼ૭ͷͳ͍ΦϑΟε͕૿

Ճ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷΑ͏ͳΦϑΟεʹ૭ͷޮ༻Λ΋ͨΒ

ͨ͢Ίͷखஈͱͯ͠ɼٖࣅ૭ͷઃஔ͕͋Δɽٖࣅ૭ͱ

͸ɼ૭ͷ૷০Λͨ͠ӷথσΟεϓϨΠʹ෩ܠө૾Λө

ࣸ͠ɼٖࣅతʹ૭ͷΑ͏ʹݟͤͨ૭ͷ୅ସ෺Ͱ͋Δɽ

ٖࣅ૭ͷྫΛFig.1ʹࣔ͢ɽΦϑΟε؀ڥͷվળΛ໨

తͱͨ͠ઌߦݚڀͰ͸ɼ૭ͷ୅ସ෺ͱٖͯ͠ࣅ૭Λ༻

͍Δ͜ͱͰຊདྷͷ૭ͱಉ౳ͷޮ༻͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔

ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ⁸⁾ɽ·ͨɼٖࣅ૭͸өࣸ͢Δө૾Λมߋ

͢Δ͜ͱͰܠ؍Λมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼܠ؍ͷҧ͍͸

շదੑʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δͱใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ⁷⁾ɽͦͷͨ

ΊɼΦϑΟεͰͷշదੑΛ޲্ͤ͞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɼ૭ͷ ଘࡏͱɼөࣸ͢Δө૾ͷछྨΛߟྀ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁͰ

͋Δͱݴ͑Δɽ

ຊݚڀͰ͸༧උ࣮ݧΛߦͳ͍өࣸ͢Δө૾ͷछྨΛ 3छྨʹݶఆͨ͠ɼ3छྨͷө૾ΛFig.2ʹࣔ͢ɽ·

ͨɼԻྔʹؔͯ͠΋༧උ࣮ݧΛߦͳ͍ɼ޷·ΕͨԻྔͷ

্ݶͱԼݶΛऔಘͨ͠ɽ্ݶͷԻྔͱԼݶͷԻྔʹɼ

্ݶͱԼݶͷؒͷԻྔͱফԻঢ়ଶΛؚΊɼબ୒Մೳͳ Իྔ͸4ஈ֊ͱͨ͠ɽ

Fig. 1. Virtual window.

Fig. 2. Types of virtual window’s image.

2.2 ؀ڥͷબ୒ํ๏

ࣥ຿ऀ͕؀ڥΛબ୒͢Δखஈ͸༰қͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕๬

·͍͠ɽͦͷͨΊɼ؀ڥબ୒ͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʹ͸

ઐ༻ͷϋʔυ΢ΣΞΛ༻͍ͣλϒϨοτ୺຤Λ༻͍

ͨɽ؀ڥͷબ୒͕ՄೳͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ։ൃ͠ɼ 1ը໘ͰఱҪর໌ɼน໘র໌ɼٖࣅ૭ͷ3ͭͷ؀ڥҼࢠ ΛมߋՄೳͱͨ͠ɽFig.3ʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϢʔ βʔΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛࣔ͢ɽ

3. ෳ߹తʹ؀ڥΛ੍ޚͰ͖ΔγεςϜͷݕূ࣮ݧ

3.1 ࣮ݧ֓ཁ

ඃݧऀ࣮ݧʹΑΓɼෳ߹తʹ؀ڥҼࢠΛબ୒Ͱ͖Δ ຊγεςϜ͕շదੑͷ޲্ʹ༗ޮͰ͋Δ͔Λݕ౼͢Δɽ

Fig. 3. Tablet UI used for environment selection.

ඪ४తͳΦϑΟεΛ૝ఆͨ͠؀ڥͱඃݧऀ͕બ୒ͨ͠

؀ڥͷͦΕͧΕʹରͯ͠ΞϯέʔτʹΑΓඃݧऀͷओ

؍ධՁΛऔಘ͠ɼධՁͷࠩҟΛݕূ͢Δɽ

3.2 ࣮ݧ؀ڥ

࣮ݧ͸2018೥7݄ʹ࣮ࢪͨ͠ɽ࣮ݧ؀ڥΛFig.4 ʹࣔ͢ɽ࣮ݧ؀ڥʹ͸ఱҪর໌9౮ɼน໘র໌28౮ɼ

ٖࣅ૭1୆ɼεϐʔΧʔ4୆ɼλεΫϥΠτ1୆Λ

ઃஔͨ͠ɽఱҪর໌ʹ͸ௐޫௐ৭ՄೳͳSHARPࣾ

੡LEDর໌ɼน໘র໌ʹ͸Philips HueΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ɽ ຊ࣮ݧͰ࢖༻͢Δٖࣅ૭͸σΟεϓϨΠ2ຕͰߏங͠

ͨɽσΟεϓϨΠ͸4Kʢղ૾౓ɿ3840ʷ 2160ʣʹର Ԡͨ͠50ΠϯνӷথσΟεϓϨΠͰ͋ΔɽλεΫϥ Πτʹ͸Panasonicࣾ੡SQ890Λ࢖༻ͨ͠ɽ࣮ݧࣨ

͸ॎ5.4mɼԣ5.4mͷ؀ڥͰ͋Γɼඃݧऀ੮͸࣮ݧࣨ

ͷதԝʹઃஔͨ͠ɽน໘র໌͸ඃݧऀͷલޙࠨӈͷશ

ͯͷนʹઃஔ͠ɼٖࣅ૭͸ඃݧऀͷଆ໘ʹઃஔͨ͠ɽ

3.3 ࣮ݧ৚݅

ඃݧऀ͸େֶੜ20໊Ͱ͋Δɽ࣮ݧதͷ࡞ۀ಺༰͸

ॻ෺ͷ໧ಡͱͨ͠ɽ࣮ݧதͷ༷ࢠΛFig.5ʹࣔ͢ɽຊ

࣮ݧͰඃݧऀ͕બ୒Մೳͳ؀ڥҼࢠͷৄࡉΛTable 1 ʹ·ͱΊΔɽͳ͓ɼ࣮ݧࣨͷԹ౓ͱ࣪౓͕ඃݧऀͷ؀

ڥධՁʹӨڹ͢Δ͜ͱΛߟྀ͠ɼࣨԹ͸25ˆɼ࣪౓

͸50%ͱͨ͠ɽ࣮ݧத͸ඃݧऀʹ7ஈ֊SD๏ʹΑΔ

ΞϯέʔτΛ࣮ࢪ͢ΔɽΞϯέʔτ߲໨͸Fig.6ʹࣔ

͢6߲໨Ͱ͋Δɽ

ຊߘͰ͸Ҏ߱ɼඪ४తͳΦϑΟεΛ૝ఆͨ͠؀ڥΛ ඪ४؀ڥʢFig.5ʢaʣʣͱ͢Δɽඪ४؀ڥ͸ఱҪর໌ʹ ΑΔص্໘র౓͕500 lxɼ৭Թ౓͕4500 KͰɼน໘ র໌͸ফ౮ɼٖࣅ૭ө૾͸ແ͠ͰϒϥΠϯυΛԼ͛ɼ

Speaker Ceiling Light

Subject’

5400 mm

5400 mm

Virtual Window

2600 mm

Task Light

Wall Light s seat

Fig. 4. Experiment environment (ground plan).

Fig. 5. A image of the subjects conducting the ex- periment.

Table 1. Detail of the selectable environment.

λεΫϥΠτΛ೚ҙͷ໌Δ͞Ͱ఺౮ͨ͠؀ڥͰ͋Δɽ

·ͨɼඃݧऀ͕બ୒ͨ͠؀ڥΛબ޷؀ڥʢFig.5ʢbʣʣ ͱ͢Δɽ

3.4 ࣮ݧखॱ

ຊ࣮ݧ͸࣮ݧ1ͱ࣮ݧ2Ͱߏ੒ͨ͠ɽͦΕͧΕͷ࣮

ݧͰɼඃݧऀ͸ඪ४؀ڥͷධՁͱબ޷؀ڥͷධՁʹؔ

͢ΔΞϯέʔτʹճ౴͢Δɽ࣮ݧ1Ͱ͸ඪ४؀ڥͷධ Ձͷޙʹબ޷؀ڥͷධՁΛߦͳ͍ɼ࣮ݧ2Ͱ͸બ޷؀

ڥͷධՁͷޙʹඪ४؀ڥͷධՁΛߦͳ͏ɽ͜Ε͸ॱং

ʹΑΔ؀ڥධՁ΁ͷӨڹΛߟྀ͢ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽ

Fig.7ʹ࣮ݧͷखॱΛࣔ͢ɽඃݧऀ͸࣮ݧࣨʹೖࣨ

͠ɼ3෼ؒͰ࣮ݧࣨͷ؀ڥʹॱԠ͢Δɽ࣮ݧ1Ͱ͸ɼ

͸͡Ίʹඪ४؀ڥͰڭՊॻͷ໧ಡΛ15෼ؒߦͳ͍ɼ2

෼ؒͰඪ४؀ڥͷΞϯέʔτධՁΛߦͳ͏ɽ࣍ʹɼ࠶

ͼ3෼ؒͷॱԠ࣌ؒΛͱΓɼ10෼ؒͰඃݧऀ͸ॻ෺

Fig. 6. Questionnaire on the impression of the indoor environment.

ͷ໧ಡΛߦͳ͍ͭͭࣗ༝ʹ؀ڥΛબ୒͢Δɽඃݧऀ͸

؀ڥͷબ୒ΛλϒϨοτ୺຤Ͱߦͳ͏ɽ10෼ؒͷ؀

ڥબ୒ͷޙɼ5෼ؒͰඃݧऀ͕બ޷ͨ͠؀ڥͷ··Ͱ ॻ෺ͷ໧ಡΛߦͳ͍ɼ2෼ؒͰબ޷؀ڥͷΞϯέʔτ ධՁΛߦͳ͏ɽબ޷؀ڥͷ࣮ݧͰ͸ɼબ޷؀ڥʹ͓͚

Δص্໘ͷর౓ͱ৭Թ౓Λܭଌ͢Δɽͦͷޙٳܜ࣌ؒ

ΛͱΓɼ࣮ݧ2Λ࣮ࢪ͢Δɽ࣮ݧ2Ͱ͸͸͡Ίʹબ޷

؀ڥͰͷ࣮ݧΛߦͳ͍ɼ࣍ʹඪ४؀ڥͰͷ࣮ݧΛߦͳ

͏ɽ࠷ޙʹɼ࣮ݧ1͓Αͼ࣮ݧ2Λऴ͑ͨޙɼࣄޙΞ ϯέʔτͱώΞϦϯάΛߦͳ͏ɽҎ্ͷखॱʹΑΓɼ

ඃݧऀ4໊͔Βબ޷؀ڥΛ2ճͣͭऔಘͨͨ͠Ίɼબ

޷؀ڥΛ8௨Γऔಘͨ͠ɽ

4. ࣮ݧ݁Ռ

4.1 બ޷؀ڥʹؔ͢Δ݁Ռͱߟ࡯

બ޷؀ڥʹ͍ͭͯ؀ڥҼࢠ͝ͱʹड़΂ΔɽఱҪর໌

ͷর౓͸700 lx͕બ୒͞Εͨճ਺͕4ճͱ࠷΋ଟ͘ɼ

৭Թ౓͸3000 Kͱ6000 K͕3ճͣͭͱ࠷΋ଟ͔ͬ

ͨɽน໘র໌ͷ৭ͱ໌Δ͞͸ඃݧऀʹΑͬͯҟͳͬͨ

͕ɼফ౮Λબ୒ͨ͠ඃݧऀ͸͍ͳ͔ͬͨɽٖࣅ૭ͷө

૾͸৿ͷө૾͕࠷΋ଟ͘બ͹Εɼө૾ແ͠Λબ୒ͨ͠

ඃݧऀ͸͍ͳ͔ͬͨɽٖࣅ૭ͷԻྔ͸খ͕બ୒͞Εͨ

ճ਺͕4ճͱ࠷΋ଟ͘ɼແ͠Λબ୒ͨ͠ඃݧऀ΋͍ͨɽ

࣮ݧதʹܭଌͨ͠બ޷؀ڥʹ͓͚Δص্໘ͷর౓ͱ৭ Թ౓ͷ࣮ଌ஋ͷ෼෍ΛFig.8ʹࣔ͢ɽ࡞ۀ಺༰͸શͯ

ͷඃݧऀͰڞ௨Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼඃݧऀ͸༷ʑͳ؀ڥΛ޷Έɼ ص্໘ͷর౓ͱ৭Թ౓ʹ͸େ͖ͳ͹Β͖͕ͭ͋ͬͨɽ

4.2 Ξϯέʔτ݁Ռ

Ξϯέʔτ݁Ռͷฏۉ஋ΛFig.9ʹࣔ͢ɽ༗ҙਫ४

5%ͰWilcoxonͷॱҐ࿨ݕఆΛߦͳͬͨͱ͜Ζɼબ޷

Fig. 7. Experimental procedure.

Fig. 5. A image of the subjects conducting the ex- periment.

Table 1. Detail of the selectable environment.

λεΫϥΠτΛ೚ҙͷ໌Δ͞Ͱ఺౮ͨ͠؀ڥͰ͋Δɽ

·ͨɼඃݧऀ͕બ୒ͨ͠؀ڥΛબ޷؀ڥʢFig.5ʢbʣʣ ͱ͢Δɽ

3.4 ࣮ݧखॱ

ຊ࣮ݧ͸࣮ݧ1ͱ࣮ݧ2Ͱߏ੒ͨ͠ɽͦΕͧΕͷ࣮

ݧͰɼඃݧऀ͸ඪ४؀ڥͷධՁͱબ޷؀ڥͷධՁʹؔ

͢ΔΞϯέʔτʹճ౴͢Δɽ࣮ݧ1Ͱ͸ඪ४؀ڥͷධ Ձͷޙʹબ޷؀ڥͷධՁΛߦͳ͍ɼ࣮ݧ2Ͱ͸બ޷؀

ڥͷධՁͷޙʹඪ४؀ڥͷධՁΛߦͳ͏ɽ͜Ε͸ॱং

ʹΑΔ؀ڥධՁ΁ͷӨڹΛߟྀ͢ΔͨΊͰ͋Δɽ

Fig.7ʹ࣮ݧͷखॱΛࣔ͢ɽඃݧऀ͸࣮ݧࣨʹೖࣨ

͠ɼ3෼ؒͰ࣮ݧࣨͷ؀ڥʹॱԠ͢Δɽ࣮ݧ1Ͱ͸ɼ

͸͡Ίʹඪ४؀ڥͰڭՊॻͷ໧ಡΛ15෼ؒߦͳ͍ɼ2

෼ؒͰඪ४؀ڥͷΞϯέʔτධՁΛߦͳ͏ɽ࣍ʹɼ࠶

ͼ3෼ؒͷॱԠ࣌ؒΛͱΓɼ10෼ؒͰඃݧऀ͸ॻ෺

Fig. 6. Questionnaire on the impression of the indoor environment.

ͷ໧ಡΛߦͳ͍ͭͭࣗ༝ʹ؀ڥΛબ୒͢Δɽඃݧऀ͸

؀ڥͷબ୒ΛλϒϨοτ୺຤Ͱߦͳ͏ɽ10෼ؒͷ؀

ڥબ୒ͷޙɼ5෼ؒͰඃݧऀ͕બ޷ͨ͠؀ڥͷ··Ͱ ॻ෺ͷ໧ಡΛߦͳ͍ɼ2෼ؒͰબ޷؀ڥͷΞϯέʔτ ධՁΛߦͳ͏ɽબ޷؀ڥͷ࣮ݧͰ͸ɼબ޷؀ڥʹ͓͚

Δص্໘ͷর౓ͱ৭Թ౓Λܭଌ͢Δɽͦͷޙٳܜ࣌ؒ

ΛͱΓɼ࣮ݧ2Λ࣮ࢪ͢Δɽ࣮ݧ2Ͱ͸͸͡Ίʹબ޷

؀ڥͰͷ࣮ݧΛߦͳ͍ɼ࣍ʹඪ४؀ڥͰͷ࣮ݧΛߦͳ

͏ɽ࠷ޙʹɼ࣮ݧ1͓Αͼ࣮ݧ2Λऴ͑ͨޙɼࣄޙΞ ϯέʔτͱώΞϦϯάΛߦͳ͏ɽҎ্ͷखॱʹΑΓɼ

ඃݧऀ4໊͔Βબ޷؀ڥΛ2ճͣͭऔಘͨͨ͠Ίɼબ

޷؀ڥΛ8௨Γऔಘͨ͠ɽ

4. ࣮ݧ݁Ռ

4.1 બ޷؀ڥʹؔ͢Δ݁Ռͱߟ࡯

બ޷؀ڥʹ͍ͭͯ؀ڥҼࢠ͝ͱʹड़΂ΔɽఱҪর໌

ͷর౓͸700 lx͕બ୒͞Εͨճ਺͕4ճͱ࠷΋ଟ͘ɼ

৭Թ౓͸3000 Kͱ6000 K͕3ճͣͭͱ࠷΋ଟ͔ͬ

ͨɽน໘র໌ͷ৭ͱ໌Δ͞͸ඃݧऀʹΑͬͯҟͳͬͨ

͕ɼফ౮Λબ୒ͨ͠ඃݧऀ͸͍ͳ͔ͬͨɽٖࣅ૭ͷө

૾͸৿ͷө૾͕࠷΋ଟ͘બ͹Εɼө૾ແ͠Λબ୒ͨ͠

ඃݧऀ͸͍ͳ͔ͬͨɽٖࣅ૭ͷԻྔ͸খ͕બ୒͞Εͨ

ճ਺͕4ճͱ࠷΋ଟ͘ɼແ͠Λબ୒ͨ͠ඃݧऀ΋͍ͨɽ

࣮ݧதʹܭଌͨ͠બ޷؀ڥʹ͓͚Δص্໘ͷর౓ͱ৭ Թ౓ͷ࣮ଌ஋ͷ෼෍ΛFig.8ʹࣔ͢ɽ࡞ۀ಺༰͸શͯ

ͷඃݧऀͰڞ௨Ͱ͋Δ͕ɼඃݧऀ͸༷ʑͳ؀ڥΛ޷Έɼ ص্໘ͷর౓ͱ৭Թ౓ʹ͸େ͖ͳ͹Β͖͕ͭ͋ͬͨɽ

4.2 Ξϯέʔτ݁Ռ

Ξϯέʔτ݁Ռͷฏۉ஋ΛFig.9ʹࣔ͢ɽ༗ҙਫ४

5%ͰWilcoxonͷॱҐ࿨ݕఆΛߦͳͬͨͱ͜Ζɼબ޷

Fig. 7. Experimental procedure.

Fig. 8. Actual measured value of illuminance and CCT of desktop surface in selected environment.

Fig. 9. Questionnaire result (average value).

؀ڥͰ͸ඪ४؀ڥʹൺ΂ɼશͯͷ߲໨ͰධՁʹ༗ҙͳ

͕ࠩ͋ͬͨɽબ޷؀ڥ͸ඃݧऀʹΑΓେ͖͘ҟͳͬͨ

͕ɼ͍ͣΕͷ৔߹΋؀ڥධՁ͸ඪ४؀ڥʹൺ΂ߴධՁ Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ

5. ·ͱΊ

ଟ਺ͷ؀ڥҼࢠ͕ଘࡏ͢ΔΦϑΟε؀ڥͷվળʹ͓

͍ͯɼշదੑΛ޲্ͤ͞ΔͨΊʹ͸ෳ਺ͷ؀ڥҼࢠΛ

ෳ߹తʹଊ͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱɼෳ਺ͷ؀ڥҼࢠ Λ౷߹తʹ੍ޚՄೳͳγεςϜΛߏங͠ɼඃݧऀ࣮ݧ ʹΑΓγεςϜͷ༗ޮੑΛݕ౼ͨ͠ɽ࣮ݧͰඃݧऀ͕

બ୒Մೳͳ؀ڥҼࢠ͸ఱҪর໌ɼน໘র໌ɼٖࣅ૭ɼ λεΫϥΠτͷ࢛ͭͰ͋Δɽ࣮ݧதʹߦͳͬͨࣨ಺ͷ

؀ڥධՁʹؔ͢ΔΞϯέʔτͷ݁ՌͰ͸ɼඃݧऀશһ ʹ͓͍ͯબ޷؀ڥͰշదੑ͕޲্͠ɼർ࿑ײͷܰݮ΍

ूதྗͷ޲্ͳͲͷޮ༻͕ಘΒΕΔ͜ͱΛࣔͤͨɽ·

ͨɼඃݧऀ͕બ୒͢Δ؀ڥ͸ݸਓ͕ࠩେ͖͍͜ͱ͕Θ

͔Γɼࣨ಺؀ڥΛݸਓʹ߹Θͤͯఏڙ͢Δ͜ͱͷॏཁ

ੑΛࣔͤͨɽ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɼ؀ڥҼࢠΛݸผʹબ୒Ͱ͖

ΔຊγεςϜ͸ɼࣥ຿ऀͷշదੑͷ޲্ʹ͓͍ͯ༗ޮ

Ͱ͋Γɼෳ߹తͳ؀ڥʹ͓͍ͯࣥ຿ऀ͕બ޷͢Δ؀ڥ

ͷݕূʹد༩Ͱ͖Δͱߟ͑Δɽ

ຊݚڀ͸ɼJSTͷิॿۚʹج͚͍ͮ͘͸ΜͳϦαʔ νίϯϓϨοΫεͷݚڀϓϩδΣΫτͱ࣮ͯ͠ࢪ͞Ε

ͨɽ͜͜ʹهͯ͠ँҙΛද͢ɽ

ࢀߟจݙ

1) ੢ݪ௚ࢬ,ాล৽Ұ, “தఔ౓ͷߴԹ؀ڥԼʹ͓͚Δ஌తੜ࢈

ੑʹؔ͢Δඃݧऀ࣮ݧ”,೔ຊݐஙֶձ؀ڥܥ࿦จू,68[568], 33-39 (2003).

2) Լా޺,෰෦ᴵࢠ,෌ా࿨޺,Տ಺ඒࠤ,ੴҪ༟߶,େྛ࢙໌,ࣉ

໺ਅ໌,٢઒ᒇ࿨, “ΦϑΟεϫʔΧͷϓϩμΫςΟϏςΟվળ ͷͨΊͷ؀ڥ੍ޚ๏ͷݚڀ-র໌੍ޚ๏ͷ։ൃͱ࣮ݧతධՁ”, ώϡʔϚϯΠϯλϑΣʔεγϯϙδ΢Ϝ2006,1322, 151-156 (2006).

3) র໌ֶձฤ,԰಺র໌ͷΨΠυ, (ిؾॻӃ,ژ౎, 1978), p.9.

4) ௕໺࿨༤,দݪࡈथ,᤽੅ඒਔ,߹ঠݦ,ҏ౻߳බ,໐ւେయ,

“؀ڥԻɾࣨԹɾর౓ͷෳ߹؀ڥධՁʹؔ͢Δجૅతߟ࡯”,೔

ຊݐஙֶձܭըܥ࿦จू,61[490], 55-61(1996).

5) ງߐޛ࿠,ࡩҪඒ੓,দݪࡈथ,໺ޱଠ࿠, “ࣨ಺ʹ͓͚Δҟछ

؀ڥཁҼ͕΋ͨΒ͢ෆշ͞ͷՃࢉతදݱ”,೔ຊݐஙֶձܭը ܥ࿦จใࠂू,387, 1-7(1988).

6) ࡾ໦ޫൣ,୩ޱ༝Ղ,٢ݟਅ૱, “૑଄తۀ຿ʹ͓͚Δ࠷దͳর

౓͓Αͼ৭Թ౓”,র໌ֶձ࿦จू,96[8A], 437-441(2012).

7) ෢౻ߒ,Ӊ࣏઒ਖ਼ਓ,҆Ԭਖ਼ਓ,ฏखখଠ࿠,ࢁ઒ত࣍,౔ాٛ

࿠, “૭ͷ৺ཧతޮՌͱͦͷ୅ସՄೳੑɹ஍ԼΦϑΟεͷ؀ڥ վળʹؔ͢Δ࣮ূతݚڀɹͦͷ2”,೔ຊݐஙֶձܭըܥ࿦จ

ू,60[474], 57-63 (1995).

8) ઒ా௚ؽ,ࡾ໦ޫൣ,্ೆྒྷฏ,ࣉҪେ஍,ؒതਓ, “ٖࣅ૭ͷ༗

ޮੑʹؔ͢Δݚڀʙ༗૭؀ڥͱແ૭؀ڥʹ͓͚Δࣥ຿ऀͷҹ

৅ධՁͳΒͼʹٖࣅ૭ʹөࣸ͢Δө૾ʹؔ͢Δݕ౼ʙ”,৘ใ Պֶٕज़ֶज़ϑΥʔϥϜߨԋ࿦จू,14[4], 427-428(2015).

9) β Π Ϛ ο Ϋ ε ෆ ಈ ࢈ ૯ ߹ ݚ ڀ ॴ, “େ ౎ ࢢ ݍ Φ ϑ Ο ε ध ཁ ௐ ࠪ 2016 ʻ ಇ ͖ ํ ͷ ม Խ ͱ Φ ϑ Ο ε ฤ ʼ”, https://soken.xymax.co.jp/wp- content/uploads/2017/01/1701-

office demand survey 2016 2-1.pdf (2017).

10) JIS Z 9110,র໌ج४૯ଇ(2010).

11) ಉࢤࣾେֶ,ࡾҪ෺࢈ઓུݚڀॴ, “ฏ੒20೥౓ʙฏ੒22೥

౓੒ՌใࠂॻΤωϧΪʔ࢖༻߹ཧԽٕज़ઓུత։ൃ/Τωϧ Ϊʔ༗ޮར༻ج൫ٕज़ઌಋݚڀ։ൃ/ࣗ཯෼ࢄ࠷దԽΞϧΰ ϦζϜΛ༻͍ͨলΤωܕর໌γεςϜͷݚڀ։ൃ”, Technical Report 20110000000875,৽ΤωϧΪʔɾ࢈ۀٕज़૯߹։ൃ

ػߏ(2011).

12) O. SeppanenɼW. J. Fiskɼ“A Model to Estimate the Cost-Effectiveness of Improving Office Work through In- door Environmental Control”ɼASHRAE Transactions At- lantaɼ111[2]ɼ663-672(2005)ɽ