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Studies on the Helminth Fauna of Kyushu Part 2. Four new cestodes from wild birds in Fukuoka Prefecture (With 4 Plates)

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奈良教育大学学術リポジトリNEAR

Studies on the Helminth Fauna of Kyushu Part 2. Four new cestodes from wild birds in

Fukuoka Prefecture (With 4 Plates)

著者 SAWADA Isamu, KIFUNE Teiji journal or

publication title

奈良教育大学紀要. 自然科学

volume 23

number 2

page range 15‑29

year 1974‑11‑15

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10105/2615

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Studies on the Helminth Fauna of Kyushu

Part 2. Four new cestodes from wild birds in Fukuoka Prefecture

(With 4 Plates)

Isamu Sawada

(Biological Laboratory, Nara University of Education, Nara 630, Japan) and

Teiji Kifune*

(Department of Parasitology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830, Japan)

(Received April 10, 1974)

Summary

Four new cestodes collected from wild birds in Fukuoka Prefecture are reported. Aporina

nakayamai n. sp. from Columba livia domestica differs from Aporina fuhrmanni in the

number of testes and from Aporina jeodhii in the form of ovary. Haploparaxis shiraishii n. sp. from Gallinago megala differs from Haploparaxis clerci and H. kamayuta in the form of rostellar hooks. Haploparaxis chikugoensis n. sp. from Podiceps ruficollis poggei differs from H. fucigera in having spinose cirrus, the form of rostellar hooks and a few number of

egg-capsule in senile segments. It differs from Haploparaxis bulbocirrus in having very slender cirrus and the form of rostellar hooks. Furthermore, Dilepis rostratulae n. sp. from

Rostratula benghalensis differs from Dilepis limosa and D. nymphoides in the form and

length of rostellar hooks and the number of testes,

A pigeon, Columba livia domestica was collected by Dr. Nakayama at Kogajaya, Kurume City on February 3, 1968. The post-mortem examination showed that the pigeon was infected with a number of cestodes. The specimens were preserved in 5 per cent formalin. Some of them have been used for making stained preparations, upon which the following description is mainly based.

* Present address: Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka City,814

15

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16 Isamu Sawada and Teiji Kifune

Aporina nakayamai n. sp.

Diagnosis: The length of the worm is 150 to 180 mm, the maximum width 5.2 to 6.0 mm. The scolex is 0.273 mm in diameter at the level of the suckers and 0.175 to 0.210 mm in length. The diameter of the round suckers is 0.098 to 0.105 mm.

The rostellum is absent. The apical portion of the scolex is flattened. The neck is very short and 0.245 mm in width. The segment is transversally elongated. A complex of small special glands resembling the interproglottidal glands is situated at the posterior poral angle of the segment.

The genital apparatus is single, the genital pores are obliterated very early, so they absent in mature and gravid segments. The testes 70 to 96 in number, 0.083 mmin diameter, are situated in two groups at the sides of the female genitalia.

The female genitals are located mainly in the poral half of the segment. The ovary is 0.968 to 1.108 mm in width and consists of digitate lobes. Posterior to the middle of the ovary lies vitelline gland of 0.304 to 0.318 mm wide.

The young uterus is formed as a single transverse tube, later branching off numerous diverticules from its anterior and posterior walls. The eggs are 0.053 to 0.063 mm by 0.042 to 0.056 mm, surrounded by four thin envelopes. The embryophore is 0.028 to 0.035 mm by 0.035 to 0.042 mm. The onchospheres are 0.021 to 0.028 mmby 0.025 to 0.032 mm and the embryonal hooks 0.011 to0.014 mm in length. The new species is named after the collector Dr. Nakayama.

Discussion: The present species closely resembles Aporina fuhrmanni Skrjabin, 1915 from a bird of unknown systematic position and Aporina jeodhii (Sharma, 1943) from Columba livia, but it differs from the former in the number of testes and differs from the latter in the form of ovary.

Host : Columba livia domestica Habitat : Small intestine

Locality and Date : Kogajaya, Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture; April 13, 1966 Type depository : Biological Laboratory, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan

On April 13, 1966, a number of very slender tapeworms were discovered from the small intestine of a male snipe, Gallinago megala, collected by Dr. Shiraishi at a bank of the Chikugo River in Kurume City. The specimens were preserved in 5 per cent formalin over a long time. All were stained with Heidenhain's hematoxylin and mounted whole in balsam.

The examination of the present species by the authors disclosed that these tapeworms belong to a new species of the genus Haploparaxis.

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Haploparaxis shiraishii n. sp.

Diagnosis: Strobila length 75 to 150 mm, maximum width, attained in postmature segments, 0.7 to 0.9 mm. Strobila very slender, with serrate margin. Scolex well developed, distinctly sets off from neck. Suckers 0.056 to 0.067 mm in diameter,

unarmed. Rostellum 0.091 to 0.105 mm long and 0.028 to 0.042 mm wide, armed at its tip with a single row of ten hooks 0.018 mm in length. Rostellar sac 0.054 to 0.167 mm long and 0.063 to 0.084 mm wide, extending posteriorly to behind level of suckers. Genital pores unilateral, usually behind middle of lateral margins of segments.

Testis single, behind to ovary, median slightly oval, 0.063 mm by 0.042 to 0.049 mm.Slender fusiform cirrus pouch 0.126 to 0.140 by 0.035 mm, extending to or just crossing ventral longitudinal excretory vessel. Cirrus very slender, 0.175 mm long,

armed. Ovary transversely elongate, 0.140 to 0.154 mm by 0.035 to 0.042 mm.

Vitelline gland situated in middle segment between ovary and testis. Seminal receptacle between cirrus pouch and ovary, attains a maximum size of 0.028 mm by 0.025 mm. Uterus sacculate extends laterally beyond excretory vessels. Eggs with

three shells; outermost shell variable in shape and size, 0.032 to 0.035 mm by 0.039 to 0.042 mm. Onchosphere 0.025 to 0.028 mm by 0.025 to 0.032 mm; embryonal hooks 0.014 mm long.

Discussion: Compared with the known species of the same genus, the present species resembles Haploparaxis sanjuanensis Tubangui et Masilungan, 1937 from Gallinago megala and G. gatlinago, H. clerci Yamaguti, 1935 from Scolopax rusticola

and H. kamayuta Johi, 1935 from Capella stenura. But, a critical comparision of the above-mentioned three species with the present species resulted in the following major differences.

Haploparaxis sanjuanensis has a scolex of greater wide (0.25 mm) and a sucker of larger diameter (0.10 to0.12mm). The present species differs, as well, in having very long armed cirrus and in the smaller size of the embryonal hook.

Haploparaxis clerci and H. kamayuta differ in the form of the rostellar hooks.

Remarks: The specific name is dedicated to Dr. Satoshi Shiraishi who collected the tapeworm.

Host : Gallinago megala Habitat : Small intestine

Locality and Date : Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture; April 13, 1966

Type depository : Biological Laboratory, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan

An opportunity has been afforded the authors on studying some cestodes obtained

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18 Isamu Sawada and Teiji Kifune

from a grebe, Podiceps ruficollis poggei, collected by Dr. Shibue at the Chikugo River, on December ll, 1950. Up to the present time the only four species of tapeworms, Tatria decacantha Fuhrmann, 1913, Haploparaxis japonensis Yamaguti, 1935, H. capillaroides Fuhrmann, 1906 and H. multistriata (Rudolphi, 1810), have been known from this host in Japan.

The present specimen differs from these four tapeworms in a number of charac- ters, and are provisionally regarded as representing a new species of the genus Haploparaxis. It bears very close resemblance to Haploparaxis furcigera (Rudolphi, 1845 and H. bulbocirrus Deblock et Rausch, 1968, but appears to differ from them in certain small points which will be mentioned below.

Haploparaxis chikugoensis n. sp.

The length of the strobila is 35 to 41 mm and the maximum breadth 0.8 to 0.9 mm.The scolex is small and rounded, 0.28 to 0.35 mm in length and 0.31 to 0.36 mmin width. The rostellum is well developed, 0.15 mm long and 0.ll mm wide; its anterior surface is rounded, and the anterior extremity is slightly swollen. The rostellum is armed at its tip with a single row of ten hooks 0.049 mm in length.

The rostellar sac is 0.22 mm long and 0.15 mm wide. The suckers are 0.08 to 0.09 mmin diameter, rounded. Genital pores are unilateral and situated usually the middle of lateral margins of segments.

Male genitalia: The testis is single, dorsal to ovary, slightly oval, 0.028 mm by 0.35 mm. The external seminal vesicle is oval, 0.056 mm by 0.070 mm. The cirrus

sac is elongate, 0.30 to 0.32 mm long and 0.014 to 0.021 mm wide and crossing the longitudinal excretory canal. The internal seminal vesicle occupies one half of

length of cirrus sac, 0.16 to 0.18 mm in length. The cirrus is long, slightly round atitstip.

Female genitalia: The ovary is situated in the middle field of segments and slightly towards the aporal side of segments, transversely elongate, 0.056 to 0.077 mmacross, with a slight constricted isthmus at the middle. The vitelline gland is located behind and in contact with ovary, measuring 0.021 mm by 0.028 mm. The vagina communicates with the genital pore and becoming swollen into seminal recep- tacle which does not extend mesially as far as the external seminal vesicle. The uterus is at first a simple, oval, transverse sac, confined to the region between the excretory canals. Later, the uterus resolves into a few number of egg-sac, which extend laterally beyond the longitudinal excretory canals. The egg-sacs are surrou-

nded by a thin membrane and contain 6to 14 eggs. The eggs are 0.063 mm in

diameter and surrounded by three envelopes. The onchospheres are spherical in shape and measuring 0.028 mmin diameter; the embryonal hook is 0.014 mm long.

Discussion: The present species resembles Haploparaxis furcigera (Rudolphi,

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1845) and H. bulbocirrus Deblock et Rausch, 1968. But, it differs from the former in that the cirrus is spinose, the blade of rostellar hook is shorter than the gard and that the uterus in the senile segment resolves into a few number of egg-sacs.

Furthermore, it differs from the latter in that the cirrus is very slender and the handle of rostellar hook is longer and thicker. Accordingly, it is proposed that the present species is designated Haploparaxis chikugoensis, new name.

Host : Podiceps ruficollis poggei Habitat : Small intestine

Locality and Date : Chikugo-gawa, Totsu City, Fukuoka Prefecture; December ll, 1950

Type depository : Biological Laboratory, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan

A number of medium-sized tapeworms were found from the small intestine of a cape snipe, Rostratula bengalensis, taken by Dr. Shibue on the campus of Kurume University, on December 16, 1950. The material was well preserved over a long time.

The tapeworm has been identified as Dilepis rostratulae n. sp.

Dilepis rostratulae n. sp.

The worm attains a length of 30 to 35 mm and a maximum width of 1.8 to 2.1

mm.The number of segments is about 122 to 130. All the segments are much

broader than long. The scolex is very well developed, its diameter is 0.443 to 0.484 mm. It bears a powerful rostellum of conical shape and of about 0.152 to 0.166 mm wide and 0.387 to 0.650 mm long. The rostellum carries 20 hooks; they are arranged

in two circles, and all the hooks are practically the same size and have the same shape, measuring 0.039 to 0.042 mm in length. The suckers measure 0.166 mm in diameter. A neck is absent, segmentation commencing almost immediately posterior of the scolex. The longitudinal musculature is well developed. The unilateral genital pores are situated in the anterior half of the segment margin.

Male organs: The cirrus pouch is small and short, 0.175 to 0.210 mm in length and 0.028 mmin width. There are 40 to 50 testes, occupying almost the whole of the posterior half of the segment, they are 0.035 by 0.042 mm in size. The vas deferens is much coiled, occupying anterior space between two ovarial lobes.

Female organs: The vagina runs posteriorly parallel to cirrus pouch. It forms a receptaculum seminis, its size is 0.154 by 0.056 mm. The ovary is tubular, of two wings aporal much larger than poral, widely expanded 0.995 to 1.023 mm. The vitelline gland is postovarian and of variable form 0.210 to 0.280 mm by 0.105 to 0.126 mm. The uterus is a transverse lobulated sac, which in ripe segments

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20 Isamu Sawada and Teiji Kifune

practically fills the whole segment, extending laterally over the excretory canals.

The oval eggs have two coats, an outer which is thin and has a size of 0.021 to 0.025 mm by 0.039 to 0.042 mm and an inner thicker chitinous coat, 0.018 to 0.021 mmby 0.031 to 0.035 mm; the onchosphere measures 0.018 by 0.025 mm and its embryonic hooks are 0.011 mm long.

Discussion: So far as the authors are aware, the twelve species of the genus Dilepis described from charadiform birds are: D. capellae Yamaguti, 1935, D. fuhr- manni Railliet et Henry, 1909, D. hamasigi Yamaguti, 1940, D. irregularis Southwell et Lake, 1939, D. limosa Fuhrmann, 1907, D. nymphoides Clerc, 1903, D. ochropodis Neslobinsky, 1911, D. odhneri Fuhrmann, 1909, D. recapta Clerc, 1906, D. retirostris (Krabbe, 1869), D. sp. Shen Tseng, 1932 and D. tringae Cholodkovsky, 1913. The nearest species as regards the number of the rostellar hooks appear to be D. limosa and D. nymphoides, but the present species differs from them in the length and form of the rostellar hooks and the number of testes.

Host: Rostratula bengalensis Habital: Small intestine

Locality and Date: Campus of Kurume University, Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefec- ture; December 16, 1950

Type depository: Biological Laboratory, Nara University of Education, Nara Japan

Acknowledgment

The authors are indebted to Dr. Nakayama, Dr. Shiraishi and Dr. Shibue for supplying the materials for this study.

References

Clerc, W. 1903. Contribution a l'etude de la faune helminthologique de 1'Oural. Part III. Rev.

suisse zool. ll, 241-368.

Deblock, S., et R. L. Rausch. 1968. Dix Aploparakis (Cestoda) de Charadriiformes d'Alaska, et quelques autres d'ailleurs. Ann. Parasit. 43: 429-448.

Fuhrmann, O. 1902. Die Anoplocephaliden der Vogel. Centralbl. Bakt. Parasitenk. 32: 122-147.

Euhrmann, 0. 1932.. Les Tenias des oiseaux. Memoires de l'Universite de Neuchatel 8, 381 pp.

Johri, L.N. 1935. On cestodes from Burma, Parasit. 27: 467-479.

Polk, S.J. 1942. The genus Dilepis Weinland, 1958. Wasman J. Biology 5:25-32.

Singh, K. S. 1952. Cestode parasites of birds. Ind. J. Helm. 4: 1-72.

Sharma, K. N. 1943. Notes on cestodes collected in Nepal. Ind. Vet. J. 26:53-67.

Skrjabin, K. J. 1914. Beitrag zur Kenntnis einiger Vogelcestoden. Centralbl. I. Abt. Orig. 75:59-83.

Skrjabin, K. J., and A. A. Spasski. 1951. £Essencials of Cestodology. Vol. 1. Anoplocephalate

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tapeworms of domestic and wild animals.^] Moscow. (In Russian)

Tseng, S. 1933. Studies on avian cestodes from China. Part II. Cestodes from charadriiform birds.

Parasit. 24:500-511.

Tubagui, M. A., and V. A. Masilungan. 1937. Tapeworm parasites of Philippine birds. Philippine J. Sci. 62:409-438.

Yamaguti, S. 1935. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part. 6. Cestodes of birds 1. Jap.

J. Zool. 6:183-232.

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