層 : 活発な火山活動と大規模陥没盆地の形成
著者 宮坂 晃, 狩野 謙一
雑誌名 静岡大学地球科学研究報告
巻 44
ページ 65‑99
発行年 2017‑07
出版者 静岡大学地球科学教室
URL http://doi.org/10.14945/00010368
北部フォッサマグナ中央隆起帯の下部更新統塩嶺累層
― 活発な火山活動と大規模陥没盆地の形成 ―
宮坂 晃 1 ・狩野謙一 2
Violent volcanism and large collapse basins recorded in the Lower Pleistocene Enrei Formation in the Median Uplift Belt
of the North Fossa Magna region, central Japan
Akira MIYASAKA and Ken-ichi KANO
Abstract Volcanic and tectonic history of the Median Uplift Belt (MUB) of the North Fossa Magna region in central Japan is not well understood. Our study focused on the Kirigamine area in the south- ern part of the MUB, where the Lower Pleistocene (mainly Calabrian) Enrei Formation (Fm.), one of the main constituents of the MUB, is widely exposed. Our work reveals the following events recorded in the Enrei Fm. The basement rocks of MUB, mainly composed of the Miocene volcani-clastic rocks and minor intrusive bodies, were regionally uplifted during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. In the late stage of this uplifting, about 2.0 to 1.3 Ma, faulting produced a large inland basin, more than 15 km in N-S length and about 12 km in E-W width with the depth of about 250m or more. The basin, fringed by irregular, polygonal and high-angled extensional fractures, was filled with mafic lavas and volcani- clastic rocks of the Lower Enrei Fm. forming abut-type unconformities on the fracture surfaces. After the deposition of the Lower Enrei Fm. the NW-trending volcanoes, including the Kirigamine and Yashigamine volcanoes, produced violent bimodal volcanic rocks of the Upper Enrei Fm in the central part of the Kirigamine area. The volcanic rocks form the present-day low-relief highland landform.
Regional stress regime changed at about 0.8Ma which is responsible for the formation of a new collapse basin in the central part of this area, the Daimon-Oiwake Graven (DOG), about 16 km in WNW-ESE length and 3-4 km in ENE width. Both sides of the DOG are now bordered by high-angled normal faults with the vertical-slip displacements of 200 m in maximum. These faults and minor folds in and around the DOG do not support a uniform stress regime during the basin development, but suggest locally changing compressive and extensional stresses in complex manner. The Kirigamine area is bounded by the NW-striking Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) to the SW. Previous workers suggested that the Suwa Basin on the SW of ISTL is an active pull-apart basin produced by the Late Quarternary left- lateral strike-slip faulting. Our study shows no evidence supporting the strike-slip faulting in this area.
Instead, we propose that a flexure structure of the Enrei Fm. plunged basin-ward (i.e. SW-ward) in response to reverse faulting. Our proposed interpretation is supported by the seismic reflection data in the area.
Keywords: Quaternary tectonics, Kirigamine area, Median Uplift Belt, North Fossa Magna, Enrei Formation, polygonal collapse basin, Daimon-Oiwake Graven, Suwa Basin, Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tec- tonic Line
1
長野県北佐久郡立科町教育委員会,385‒2305 長野県北佐久郡立科町大字芦田2532
Committee on Education, Tateshina Town, Kita-Saku Gun, Nagano Prefecture, 2532, Ashida, Tateshina Town, Kita-Saku gun, Nagano, 385- 2305, Japan
E-mail: [email protected]
2