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152   

Type 1 diabetes in young adults   

Tomoyuki Kawamura on behalf of TID study group   

 

As  IDF  DIABETES  ATLAS  Seven  Edition  2015,  the  incidence  of  type  1  diabetes  (T1D)  under 15 years old in Asian countries is quite low compared to that of the western countries.   

We  have  analyzed  the  national  wide  estimated  incidence  of  T1D  by  using  data  from  the  government-subsidized  Specified  Pediatric  Chronic  Diseases  Treatment  Research  Project  during  the  fiscal  years  2010  to  2012.  Diagnostic  criteria  for  T1D  include,  in  addition  to  physician-diagnosed  T1D,  GAD  antibody  positivity  or  being  on  insulin  therapy.    Among  T1D aged 15 years old or younger, the incidence of type 1 diabetes during the fiscal year  2010 was estimated as 2.3/100,000 person-years (males/females,1.9/2.6).    The incidence  was shown to peak at 12 years of age at 4.2 (3.9 at 12 years of age among males; and 5.2 at  11  years  of  age  among  females).  This  data  was  similar  that  reported  from  Beijing  (1995-2010, 3.1/10

5

) and that from Shanghai (1997-2011, 2.4/10

5

).   

The  increase  in  the  incidence of childhood  T1D  has  been  reported  in Western  countries.   

However, so far there was no similar data observed in Japanese children. 

Most epidemiological studies of T1D focus on disease forms with clinical diagnosis during  childhood  and  adolescence.  Few  studies  on  epidemiology  of  T1D  in  adults  are  available  worldwide, as compared to those reporting on children with T1D. Clinically, adult T1D is  difficult  to  discriminate  from  certain  forms  of  Type  2  Diabetes  (T2D).    Some  reports  showed the incidence of young adult T1D in Western countries.    So far, we cannot find any  reports of the incidence of young adult T1D from Asia countries.    To discriminate young  adult  TID  them  from  T2D  in  these  countries,  of  which  low  incidence  of  T1D  and  high  incidence of T2D, is quite difficult.   

For these three years, we have conducted the researches to see the prevalence and the social  situation of Type 1 diabetes among all age population in Japan, supported by the Ministry of  Health, Labor and Welfare.    These studies are composed of three major domains. First is to  estimate the prevalence rate from the medical records of the hospital and the survey to the  hospitals.  Second  is  the  questionnaire  survey  about  social  situation  of  adulthood  type  1  diabetes patients. Third is to establish the national registry system of this disease in all age.   

In  this  lecture,  the  advance  and  difficulties  of  these  epidemiological  researches  of  young 

adult type 1 diabetes in Asia will be addressed. 

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