SUT Journal of Mathematics (】Formerly TRU Mathematics) Vblume 29, Number 2(1993),323−336
ABSTRAcT NoN口NEAR BEAM EQuATIoNs
AKIHITo UNAI
(Received October 23,1993) ABsTRAcT. The eXistence and uniqueness of a global solution of the a1> 8tract nonlinear beam equation are proved.’We regard the equation as a’ second order semilinear evolution equation in a Hilbert space. AMS 1991 Mathmatics 5ubゴecεCla3siffcation. Primary 34G20, Seco皿dary 47H15. Key words and phrases. SemiUnear evolution equations,皿o皿li皿ear beam equations, glo1)al solutions.§o.Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to prove the global existence and unique− ness of stro皿g solutions to abstract nonli皿ear l)ea皿 equations of the fbrm(…) 差・(t)+・A・u(t)+A4’(砲(t)1・脚)=・
in a reaユHilbert space. Here A is a nonllegative selfadjoint operator,M(r)≧Ofbr all r≧Oand M∈01[0,00). We refer to Medeiros[1]aid
Pereira{4]on the beam equation. A shghtly general case of(0.0), that is 、 (0.1) 纂・(t)+・A・u(t)+(β+M(IAS・(t)1・))A・(t)一・,whereβis a real number, was discusSed by Medeiros[1]. He assumed
that M∈01[0,00),」t‘t’(r)≧mo十mlr(fbr all r≧0, mo a皿d Ml being positive constants), and the spectrum of nonnegative selfadjoint operator Ais discrete. Under these conditions, he proved the unique existence of regular solutions to(0.1)when the initial vahes are su伍cie皿tly smooth. Though the equation(0.0)is a particular case of(0.1), our assumption is simpler than that i皿{1]. On the other hand;the equatio皿(0.0)with dissil》ative term, that is (0.2)違(・)+ξ・(・)+鞠+五∫(1輌1・拠)一・,
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ABsTRAcT NoNLINEAR BEAM EQuATIoNs
where K is a linear, nonnegative, and symmetric operator, was discussed by Pereira[4]. He proved the existence, uniqueness and exponential decay f()rsolutions to(0.2)under apPropriate conditions onバグand・4. But he dealt with weak solutions. We regard(0.0)as a kind of second order semilinear evolution equa− tions, and convert(0.0)into a first order system. Therefbre, in Section l we consider the existence and uniqueness of solutions of first order semi− A 五neaエevolution equations (see(1.1)). Section l heavily leans on Otani 【2]a皿dPazy【3]. In Section 2 we sha皿give a suf五cient condit呈on fbr the global existence of solutions to(1.1). This is essentially due to Tanab6 [5],but our condition isl sliglltly general and precise(see Theorem 2.7). In Section 3 we shal consider second order semilinear evolution equations (see(3.1)). The conclusions in Sections l and 2 are reinterpreted. In Section 4 we shal solve(0.0).§1.Preliminaries
Let丑be a(complex)Hilbert space with inner product(・,・)and norm l・1.Let.4 be a quasi−m−accretive linear operator with domain I)(A)and ra皿ge R(A)in丑. Namely、4十αis m−accretive f()r someα≧0(in our application we need the case ofα>0). We consider the initial value problem fbr semilinear evolution equations of the fbrm (1.1) {d誘・(t)+A・(tu(o)= uo.)=F(”(‘))・ t≧0, Here F is a locally Lipschitz continuous mapping oll H to H:for anyk>Othere is L(k)>Osuch that
iF(u)−F(v)1≦L(k)lu−vl f()r Iul, Ivl≦k. A The fbllowing theorem is weil known at least whenα=0(see Otani[2]; cf. also Pazy[3, Theorem 6.1.6]). Theorem 1.1. Let A and F be as de五ned above. Then五)r evelyμo∈ D(A)孟ムere exist Tm(0〈Tm≦。。)and a un∫que s・1uti・n u(・)t・(1ユ)・n [0,Tm)such that u(・)∈01([O,Tm);fl)∩0([0,Tm);D(A)). To fix the notation we sha皿present an outline of the proof.A.UNAI
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Denoting by{S(t);t≧0}tlle semigroul)generated by−A, we have
lls(t)11≦・αt, t≧o. Here II・11:=Il・llH→H. The solution to(1.1)satisfies the integral equation: (1.2) ・(t)−s(t)・・イ5(・一・)F(・(・))d・・ We define the mapping di by the right hand side of(1.2)i (φ・)(t)・−s(・)・t・イ5(t−・)F(・(・))ds・ Then we can find a closed subset 1(of O([0,T];fl)on whichφis a strict contraction. By a simple computation we see that if (1.3)0<T〈min(1,
lUo1+e一α ) kL(k)十IF(0)1 for k:=2eα1包o l十1, thenφis a strict contractioll on 五・={u∈0([0,T];∬);1・・(t)1≦k,t∈[0,T]}・ In fact, let u,v∈」K, then we have 1(φμ)(t)1≦eαlu・1+Teα[んL㈹刊F(0)1]≦k, 1(φu)(t)一(φu)(t)1≦TeαL(k)∂。。(u,v), where d。。(u, v):=maxo≦t≦T lu(諺)−v(君)1,note thatT・・L(k)〈(麟器(1)≦んL當(。)1≦・・
Therefbre by the fixed point theorem(1二2)is uniquely solvable on[0,Tl fbr T satisfying(1.3). Now let Tm be the maximal time such that the solution u(・)to(1.2) exists on[0,Tm). The uniqueness of solutions to(1.2)on[0,Tm)fbllows from the Gronwall inequality(a similar argument will appear in the sequel ).It remains to show that u(・)is also a unique solution to(1.1)on [0,Tm)fbr every uo∈[)(A). Tb this end it sufices to note that fbr every uo∈1)(A), u(・)is Lipschitz continuous on every closed subinte!val[0, T] of{0,Tm). In fact, since F(u(・))is also Upschitz contimlous on[0,T], we can apply the fbllowing lemma(c£Pazy[3, Corollary 4.2.11D.326
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Lemma 1.2. Let−G be the』
i∫皿finitesimal)ge皿erator of a Co−semigroup {S(t);t≧0}・n a・refieXive・Ba皿ach space. X. As別me伽τ9(・)∫5輌一 sdhitz continuous on【0,T]. Let x∈1)(G). The皿ω(・)∈01([0,T】;X)∩0([0,T];D(G))satisfies 、
{d菰ω(t)+Gw(tω(o)=x)=9(t〕)e0≦t≦T,
ffand・nly if w(t)=S(t)X+∬5(t−・)9(・)ds.1・・this cas・ ξ∬5(t−・)9(・)d・=s(t)9(・)+/。’s(t−・)讐)d・・ Now let%(t)be a solution to(1.2)with uo∈1)(A). We have to show that u(・)is−Lips《血itz conti皿uous on{0, T](0<T〈Tm). To see this let 九∈(0,Tm). Then it is easy to see that泣(t):=u(t十九),(ん≦t十九くTm), is a solution to(1・2)with uo=u(ん): u(t+ん) 一5(t)u(h)+/。ts(・一・)∫(・+ん)d・・ where we have set∫(・)ニF(u(・)). Setting le:=o響爵1%(t)1 f()r T∈(h,Tm)、we have,」for O≦t≦T−h,
・一α・堰E(t+ん)一・(t)1≦1・(ん)一・・1+L(砿…1・(・+ん)一・(・)ld・・ It then follows from the Gronwa皿ine(luali ty that ・−cxt撃普it十h)−u(t)1≦1勉(ん)−u。1・賑), and he皿ce lu(t+九)−u(t)1≦lu(九)一μ。1・(T一九HL㈹+α)(0≦t≦T一ん).
Noting further that lu(九)一%。1≦ん・α九(IAu。1+K・L㈹+IF(0)1),A.UNAI
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we obtain
1・(t+ん)一・(t)1≦九・T(L(k)+α)(IA・。1+kL(k)+IF(0)1). This shows that u(・)is Lipschitz continuous on[0, T]for every uo∈D(A). Consequently, we see from Lemma 1.2 that u(・)satisfies(1.1)on【0,T】and u(・)∈01({O, T];H)∩0([0,T];D(A)).Since T(0<T<Tm)is arbitrary, this completes the proof of Theorem
1.1.§2.Global Solvability
As shown in Section 1, a local solution to(1.2)always exists fbr every initial value uo∈H. ln particular if uo∈.1)(A)then the solution is also asolution to(1.1). In this section, we consider whether the solution can l)econtinued globally or not. Let A be as in Sectio皿1. Then we have (2.1) R・(Au,u)≧Tαlul2 f‘)r u∈1)(A). The fbllowing lemma is fbund in Tana1)e【5]whenα=0. Lemma 2.1. Le孟μ(・)be t力e solution to(1.2)oロ[0,Tm)w1◆th the initial value%o∈‘H. Then i∼)r a皿y t∈[0,Tm) . (2.2) ・一… P・(t)1・≦1・・1・+2f。te−・・sR・(F(・(・))・・(・))d・・ Proof. Setting 」λ・=(1十λA)−1f・rO<λ<α一1,
we have
1Jλx−xl−→0
(λ↓0) f()1’every X∈H. Put uλ(t)=」λu(t). Thep we see from(1.2)that ・・(り一s(輌+f。‘s(・一・)」・F(・(・))d・・0≦t〈Tm.
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Since Jλ%o∈D(A)and JλF(%(・))∈0([0, Tm);1)(A)), it fbllows that ・・(・)・°1([°・脇)・五)with き・・(・)一一AS(・)」 +」・F(・(・))一か5(・一・)」・F(・(・))ds− 二一Auλ(t)二+」λF(%(り).Hence we obtain
l・ 岳(・一・・ ・・(・)1・)、一一
曹戟E・(・)1・+R・(妾・・(・),・・(・))r ニーRe((A+α)uλ(t),%λ(t))+Re(」λF(秘(り), uλ(t)) , 『≦Re(」λF(u(t)),1uλ(t)), where we have used(2.1). Integrating thiS illequality, we have ・一…1・・(・)1>≦1・・1・+21,t.e−・…R・(卿・));・・(・))d・・. qgi皿g tg尤he.草頑λ↓q,.W・gbtain(2・2,),・.口 、、.、.、∵、.、、 Let u(・)be the solution to(1.2)ofi[0,Z㌦L)l Thei Lelhma’2.1 sUggests that the boundedness of%(・)will depend on the quantity .三 ;i:∵さ.. ∫.’ 一.㌧・ご ’ . 1 , 1 』 ㌧ ・ ・二1. (2・3).6(T)・=。2?9。f。te−…R・(F(・(・)),・(・))d・fbr O<T≦Tm. This b(T)withα=Owas introduced by Tanabe{5].
L。mm。2.2.工鋤0∈A.∬塩三。。,’
狽?E。 b(T)<6。らr ev・ry T>0. Pγりo≠ If Tm=◎o, then the solution u(・)to(1.2)is bounded o皿【0,1〕fbr every T>0. It fblows from the local Lipschitz continuity that F(u(・))is also l}ounded on[0,T]. Therefbre ㌧ ’ ・ ・’ ” ㌧ b(T)≦∬・㌔・(F(・(・))・・(・))1∂・<…』A.・UNAI
329
Lemma 2.3. Let’ Uo∈H. If Tm<o◎, then b(Tm)=oo°. Proof, Suppo『e that b(Tm)<.oo. Then it fdllows frOm(22)that{%(t);0≦t<Tm}’is bounded. Taking
k:=sup lu(t)1, 0≦t<Tmwe have
IF(u(t))1≦kL(k)十IF(0)1fbr O≦t〈Tm.
So we can show that /,i m s(Tm−s)F(・(・))d・一恕∠¢5(t−・)F(・(・))ds・ This implies that V(t) converges as t↑Tm. Therefore u(り∈0([0, Tm];H)whe皿we define
’..、@ 『. u(Tm )::〒』鷺μ(t)・ ・ ’ ∵
Thus we seethat u(t)is a solution’to(ゴ2)on[0,Tm]. This『implies that u(t)can be continued beyond Ta肌・In、fact 7. let v(6). be the solul ion、 to(ユ・2)・n!q・司Wh.u・・=・(Tm)』ρ輌・g・ い,.・、.・一・.
w(t)・一{霊と臨)、際ii勤+δ),
かW・畑Shgw碑二㌧.”:.一‘∴_’,’t. t.‘∴\:.,∵.
ω(t)−5伽・+f。ts(君一・)F(ω(・))ds。,f・r・o≦只写+五 キ 「’ 」L ・ ’ . ’ r 1 .、. iρ :・ こ ‥ ’ This contradicts.the definitidn of・Tm. □ ’ 「 ・’.一 ・ ”‘』 In View of Lemma. 2.2 and Lemma 2.3 we obta桓a cri terion fbτ鶉πto. be finite(when Uo∈H). P・・P・・iti・n 2.4. L・t A・・d F b輪・b・v・. L・t[0,Tm)b・th;魎m㎡ interval・n・which t血e s・1ut∫・n tO(1.2)exists. The皿Tm〈∞if and・n’ly. i・f there・exists・T>Os・ch that(1・2)力as・a s・1ut∫・n・n[0, T)apd・b(T)=。。・330
ABsTRAcT NoNLINEAR BEAM EQUATIoNs
Remark 2.5.1皿the conclusion of Proposition 2.4, b(T)=’◎o can not be replaced by b(Tm)=oo・In fact, we may have b(Tm)=oo even if Tm= oo.’ Therefore b(Tm)=oo does not in general imply t.hat Tm<og.Fina皿y we give a simple suHicient condition fbr Tm=oo(whe皿uo∈
H).Set, fbr O<T≦oo, (2.4) ・(T)・−u,.,,器_∫e−…R・(F(・(・))・・(・))d・・ 晋2治゜ PrOpOSitiOn 2.6.1,et.A a皿d F be as above.1,et [O,Tm)be the .maX輌mal interval・o皿which・the・solution to(1.2)exists. (i)lf c(T)<。。 f()r eve・yτ>0, then Tm=。。. (ii)Assume that f()r ev6ry uo∈∬砒ere is a constant 9(uo)>Osuc血 that・c(。。)≦9(Uo). Then Tmニ。。, Wl’th (2.5). 1%(t)12≦[lu。12+29(u。)]e2αt, t≧0. In fact, c(T)<oo implies that a solution to(1.2)exists and is l)ounded on[0,T). If c(T)<oo fbr every T>Othen we can continue the solution ・nt・the wh・1e interval [Os。。). Furtherm・re,(2.5)fb皿・ws・fr・m(2.2). Theorem 2.7. Let A and F be as above. (i)Let uo∈1)(A). lfc(T)<◎o f‘)r every T>0, then there is a uniqueglobal solution to(1.1)suct鋤t
u(・)∈01(【0,。。);H)∩0([0,。。);D(A)). (li)Assume t力at f()r, everyμo∈D(A)砒ere∫s a constant 9(uo)〉‘O such・t血at c(。。)≦9(u・). Then in additi・」l t・the・c・nclusi・n・f(i)・皿e・has (2.5).§3.Second Order Equations
Let A l)e a densely de丘ned and closed linear operator in a(complex) Hilbert spa£e H. Let、4*be its adjoint. Then∠4*、4 is a nonnegative selfadjoint operator in丑. In this section, we consider the initial value problem fbr second order semiUnear evolution equations of the fbrm (3.1)d2
雇・(t)+A“A・(t)+f(u(t),A・(t))=o, u(0)=Uo,d
読・(o)=v・・ t≧0,A.UNAI . 331. Here∫is a loca皿y Lil)schitz conti皿ous mapping on 1)(A)×Hto H:fbr
a皿yk>Othere is L(k)>Osuch that:
(3.2) lf(・, A・)−f(V,Av)1≦L(k)[1・−vl2+IAu−A・12]1/2 f()ru,v∈1)(A)with岡2十IAul2≦k2, and lO12十・IAOf12≦k2.’Applyi皿g Theorem 1.1 and Theorem 2.7, we sha皿obta麺local and
global eXistence theorems fbr』(3.1).’ To do this we have to convert(3.1) i皿to a first order system. First we note that D(A)can be regarded as a Hilbert space with inner P・・d・・t(・,v)A・ニ(・,v)+(A・,Av)・nd…m・1・IA・=(・,・)h/2 f…,v∈ D(A).Let X be the product sl)ace 1)(A)×∬with inner product and norm respectively 9iven by (σ,y)X:=(tt1,Vl)A+(U2,V2), IUIX・一(1・・1?・ +・1・・12)・!2 f・・U−(ll)・V−(91)・ Then we can de五ne a linear operator 2t(with domain and range)in X as fbllows: (3.3) 1)(Pt)ニD(A’A)×D(A),UtU・−G?口1)(:)一己)・u−(1)・D(Pt)一.
Now problem(3.1)is written as (3.4)d
万σ(t)+PtU(t)ニF(u(t)),u(・)−u・一(9)・
t≧0
Here F is a nonlinear mapping on X to X, defined by (3.5)F(U)一(−f(£A。))f・・U−(:)・X・
It is easy to show that F is locaUy Lipschitz continuous. In fact, letu−
i:;)・v−(li)∈x
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ABsTRAcT NoNLINEAR BEAM EQuATIoNs
wit・h ・: ・− 1σ1え=lu、12+1麺12+lu212≦k2,』一.1階=1・、.12+14・、12+IV212≦k2.
Then it fblows丘om(3.5)and(3.2)that
『即)−F(γ)IX〒1∫(μ・rAu・)一∫(…触)1
≦雄)[11i、一・、12+㌦、−Av、12}1/2』: ・一 ・・≦耶)1σ一γlx.; ・
1・・e輌・t・・h・w・h・・m+}i・…cc・e・i・・i・X・’L・・(1)・D(Pt)・
Then we see丘om(3.3)that
R・((Pt+.P)σ,のx・−R・[(一・,・)+(一且・,A・)+ぽ・)]+llUl}..一
@≧三;(回・+1・12)+;(1・12+1刷2+回2)・
一;國2≧Q・,K.、{:㌫三ゐ、、
has a uniq・…1・ti・・ 、..:・.,.・『・・
c)一((.(A*A十ユ)−1(9十、4*、4十1)−1(9十』ん)竺,)・ Th・・ef・・e・Ut+去・i・麺cr…“i・X.・. The・・q,m,3〔主恥r卿.μ・ψ促4)・・nd v・・∈1)④.ψe聖eρxi串塩.(0<: Tm≦o◎)alld a 11nfque solution u(・)to(3.1)011[0, Tm)sucll that ・(・)∈02([0,Tm);亘)∩ei(10,勾;D(A))n℃(10脳;D(抱)).A.UNAI
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Proof. Let 2t and F be as defined by(3.3)and(3.5), re日pective15㌃Then it fblows from Theorem 1.1 that fbr any Uo∈1)(瓢)there are Tm(0〈 Tm≦oo)and a unique solution U(・)to(3.4)on[0,Tm)such that σ(・)∈01([0,Tm);X)∩0([0,Tm);刀(Ut)).Since・U・一
iu(・)蓋・(・))i・c−・i−・u・1・di−i・bl・i・刀(A)・丑,w・・ee from the closedness of A that 念働(t)一鵠・(t)and−・(・)…([・,Tm)・H)…([・,Tm)・D(A)). The continuty of(2tU)(・)in X implies that(A*Au)(・)∈0([0,Tm);丑). Thus it f()llows from(3.4)that u(・)is a unique solution to(3.1)on [o,Tm).□ Next we consider the global existence of solutions to(3.1). R)r O〈T<oo set
(3.6) ・x(T)・一・叩{f。‘e−・R・((一・)f(・(・)・A・(・))・静(・))d・・ u(・)∈C1([0,t];fl)∩C(IO,t];D(A)), ・(0)=u・,念・(0)=v・;0<’t〈T}・ N・t・th・t・一}(・ee(2・4))・ Theorem 3.2. Let A and f be as a.bove. (i)Le古Uo∈D(ノ1*ノ1)and Vo∈D(A):1f1 Cx(T)〈oo f∼)r every T>0 ψ・郎力ρre加un∫que g1・b・1 s・1ut∫・…(・>t・(3.1).・uct・that Jt u(・)ξ02([0,00);H)∩C1([0,00);1)(A))∩0([0,0。1 j;D(A*A)).(ii)A…m・・力・一・ry(99)・D(崩)・D(A)・11ere−・・…
P(u・,v・)>Osuch thaτcx(。。)≦9(u。,v。). Then,∫皿addf孟f・n t・the conclusf・皿of(i), 1・(t)12+IA・(t)1・+彊・(t)1・≦[1・・1・+IA・・1・+lv・1・+29(・・,v・)]・・.334
ABsTRAcT NoNLINEAR BEAM EQuATIoNs
P…f・ L…U(・)= i誤1))b・a・・1・・i・n・・(3・4)・ (2.2)and(3.5).thatThen we see frOm
(3・7)・一一・1u(t)1皇刷≦2∠㌔一r悶F(u(・))・u(・))x・ds −2∬・一・R・((一・)f(・(・)・A・(・))・妄(・))d・・. Since U(・)∈0([0,t];X)is equivalent to .u(・)∈01({O,t];H)∩0({0,t];D(A)), cx(T)is nothing but c(T), defined by(2.4), with H a皿d u(・)replaced by Xand U(・), respectively. Therefore the conclusio皿follows from Theorem 2.7. ロ ー§4・Abstract Nonlinear Beam Equations
Let A be a nonnegative selfadjoint operator in a real Hilbert space H』. Th・n its sq・・t・…tAg i・w・11 d・fi・・d. L・t M∈0110,。。)amd assum・ that M(r)≧Ofbr r≧0. Then we consider the initial value problem fbr second order semili孕ear evolution equations of the fbrm (4.1)万μ(t)+A2u(t)+M(幽・)12)A・(t)一・・t≧・・
tt(0)=Uo,d
厩μ(0)=Vo・ This is a simplest case of the abstract beam equation(see e.g. Medeiros{1], Pereira[4】). Applying Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 3.2 we ca皿prove the fbllowi皿g. Theorem 4.1. For a皿yμo∈D(A2)an d vo∈1)(A)there exist a unique solution u(・)to(4.1)on[0,00)su ch that (i)・u(・)∈02([o,。。);H)∩01([o,。。);1)(A))∩0([o,。。);D(A2))、 (ii)1・(t)12舳(・)1・+1聯(t)1・≦・6・㌧where
(4.2) ・言・=lu。12+㌦。12+lv。12+M(IA㍉。12),
(4・3) M(・)・一∬M(・)d・(・≧・)・
.A. UNAI