JAIST Repository: Comparative Study on the Emergence of the Biotechnology Industry in Germany and Japan

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https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/

Title

Comparative Study on the Emergence of the

Biotechnology Industry in Germany and Japan

Author(s)

Muller, Christian; 藤原, 孝男

Citation

年次学術大会講演要旨集, 16: 432-435

Issue Date

2001-10-19

Type

Conference Paper

Text version

publisher

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/10119/6656

Rights

本著作物は研究・技術計画学会の許可のもとに掲載す

るものです。This material is posted here with

permission of the Japan Society for Science

Policy and Research Management.

2@A@20@

Comparative@Study@on@the@Emergence@of@the@Biotechnology@Industry

in@Germany@and@Japan

C ㎞

stianMUller

(Tec

㎞

nc

田

Univ.ofHamburg)

,

0

藤原孝男

(

豊橋技術科学大

)

Introduction

the〕ast’ew【ears ， Of｝articular（nterest‖re《mall,（nnovative｜ioventures『hich‖re｜reaking］ew》echnological“round（n》he［ost‖dvanced

branches@of@the@life@sciences ・ Many@studies@on@new@entrepreneurial@ entrants@in@biotechnology@ are@ mainly@addressed@to@ the@situation@ in@ the

United States

Certan@oements@such@as@the@ro Ⅰ of@technology@transfer@between@univerStes@and@industry@as@wCl@as@the@exi tence@of@venture@capi3@ play@an

and‘stablishment｛f》hese《mall Thus,

to｜e’ruitful》o in［ore‥eta@ the

emergence

of the biotechnology industry in diferent countries aganst the background of the@ na Ⅰ on3 set Ⅰ ngs ・ The present paper

concentrates@ on@ two@ latecomers@ into@ the@ business@ of@ biotechnology@ namely@ Japan@ and@ Germany@ which@ both@ are@ highly@ industrialized

COunt Ⅰ nieS

In this article ， we pursue two purposes: First ， we provide a comprehensive picture of》he evolution and the current

developments

of

biotechnology@ in@ Japan@ and@ Germany Second, we compare the influence of certain

envionmental

factors on the

emergence

of the

biotechnology@industry@in@Germany@and@Japan

In@doing@so,@we@devCop@an@instiuton8@

framework@for@the@emergence@of@the@biotechnology@industry@in@which@cert3n@envionment8@

factors

are（ntegrated・

FttS 仮 Ⅰ e Ⅰ : n れし加はれ 0 れ lal ノ ン Ⅰ mewo ァた foo ァ theem0 ァ @ge れ cRo Ⅰ blot ピ c ん %0loe ノ ・

According@to@the@latest@European@Biotech@ report@pub Ⅰ shed@by@the@consu Ⅰ ing@company@Schiag,@ Ernst@&@Young@(Schiag ， Ernst@ &@Young,

2001),@ Germany@ could@ take@ the@ l ad@ in@ biotechnology@ in@ Europe@ in@ terms@ of@ number@ of@compani s ， USng@ a@ very@ narrowly@ de?ned

understanding@of@biotech@compani

s,@

Germany@has@curren

Ⅰ y@333@

biotech@compani

s@

compared@

to@ 271@

companies@ in@

the@

UK@and@ 240@ in

feder3@ as@wol@as@the@loc@@ governments@to@estab Ⅰ sh@stFct@regu Ⅰ Ⅰ ons@for@biotechnology-re Ⅰ ted@research,@characte Ⅰ zed@the@Stua Ⅰ on@in@the earInyg0s

れ

一

' 。 。 " 。 。 。 。 。

F 確 lf 「 e2: C, ぬ n7te,rsim Ⅰ 仇 no 切れ On 伽 hioteC んれ 0 わ 9 ノ

Current@situation@of@the@biotechno

Ⅰ

gy@sector@@@

Germany

A Ⅰ hough@the@swit@increase@of@number@of@biotech@compani s@in@Germany@@@ impresSve,@the@German@biotech@@ dustry@@@ st@@ in@is@infancy ，

Th@@ immatuLty@ of@the@ biotechnology@ sector@ in@ Germany@ compared@ to@ the@ Unied@ States@ as@ wCl@ as@ to@ @s United

Kingdom@can@be@clearly@exemplified@by@the@following@indicators

only‖pproximately・ ・ annual《ales

In 2000 ， there『ere（n total 6‥rug…andidates（n the｝ipeline・ to…linical phase！II)’rom｝ublicly-traded

German

biotech

companies…ompared》o・ ・

17；erman｜iotech…ompanies『ere〕isted｛n》he・

The は fore b@ ventures have to

dev0op

quickly a c Ⅱ ti 3 mass Some

German

biotech compa Ⅱ es have recog Ⅱ zed that integra Ⅰ on of

actviies@along@the@value@chain@

@@

crucial@

for@sustainable@growth

，

As@more@and@

more@pharmaceutical@

companies@outsource@certain@

parts@of

the@@

research@

and@

development@

efforts,@

specia4zed@ (biotech)@

companies@ have@

to@

offer@

a@ set@

of@ integrated@

platform@ technologies

(one-stop-shopping)

・

Responding@

to@

these@

chalenges,@ German@ companies@ acquied@ other@

European@ (Evotec's@

Cocated@ in@ Hamburg)

acqui iion@ of@ Oxford@ Asymmetry@ Interna Ⅰ onal,@ UK)@ and@ in@ partcular@ US-AmeFcan@ biotech@ companies@ (e ・ g ・ GPC@ Biotech@ (Munich)

acquied@Miotx,@USA;@Lion@Bioscience@(Heidelberg)@acquied@Trega@Bioscience@and@Medigene@(Munich)@acquied@NeuroV@@ Therapeutics)

In@contrast@to@the@Stuaton@in@the@US@and@the@UK,@p@ tform@technology-based@compan Ⅰ s@are@the@prev3 Ⅰ ng@buSness@mode@@ @@ the@German

These business models

the‖dvantage｛f｜eing〕ess Ⅰ skyヾnce》he

enab Ⅰ ng@technologies@can@be@used@for@a@wide@range@of@app Ⅰ catons

A Ⅰ hough@investments@in@product-based@compani s@are@more@ri ky,@they@promi e@higher@returns@in@the@long@run ， Thus,@an@increaSng@number@of

investors@prefer@these@buSness@mode@@ in@the@hope@to@have@an@equiy@stake@ in@a@company@wih@potenti3@ blockbusters@in@ is@ R&D@pip0ine

Recen Ⅰ y,@company@growth@@@ hampered@in@Germany@by@the@lack@of@speCai ts@in@bioinformati s@as@wCl@as@expe Ⅱ enced@senior@managers@for

buSness@ dev0opment@ asSgnments Some univerSt@ s push bioinformalcs in the@ cur Ⅱ cUums and sponsor chais for bioinformati s,

Overview@of@the@ev0ution@and@devCopment@of@biotechnology@in@Japan

ユ

Ⅰ

e of｜iotechnology in Japan has ride『ithin its In the early 1980s ， many

Japanese@compani s@recognized@the@potenti l@of@modern@biotechnology ・ In@contrast@to@the@dev0opments@in@the@Unied@States,@these@compani s

were@aleady@estab Ⅰ shed@compani s@or@part@of@a@industri3@ group@(Keietsu Ⅰ Interes Ⅰ ngly,@not@only@tradiion Ⅰ pharmaceu Ⅰ c3.@chemic@@ and

food@procesSng@compani s@stepped@into@the@modern@biotechnology@but@al o@many@compani s@wih@tot8ly@unrCated@core@buSnesses@such@as

ste0@ manufacturers@ and@ even@ construc Ⅰ on@ compani s Because of》he o@ cri @ and dimini hing profits in the@ core buSnesses, these

compani s@conc0ved@biotechnology@as@an@opportuniy@to@diverSfy@the@@ buSness

In@ the@ 1990s,@however,@the@biotechnology@upswing@ended ， Sever3@ Japanese@large@corpora Ⅰ ons@stopped@or@reduced@the@@ research@ efforts@in

biotechnology ，

There ぬ re,on@ № od pharmaceu Ⅰ cal@and@chemical@companies@invested@Sgni@canty@in@the@modern@biotechnology@in@Japan@duLng@the@90s

Current@Stua Ⅰ on@of@the@bi techn0ogy@sector@in@Japan

Recently we can winess the estab Ⅰ shment of several new biotechnology companies in Japan According to the Japan Bioindustry

AssoCa Ⅰ on@(JBA Ⅰ there@exi ts@curren Ⅰ y@247@compani s@in@biotechnology@and@m8n@of@these@were@founded@in@the@last@two@years@as@shown@in

figure@3 Figure@3:@ Number@of@New@Start-up@companies@in@Japan@from@1990@to@2001@according@to@Japan@Bioindustry@Association

One@third@of@the@biotechnology@companies@was@approxi

ately@established@by@university@researchers

，

one@third@represents@spin-offs@of@large

and medium-sized enterprises and the remaining were established by others (Japan Bioindustry Association)

These@ companies@ focus@ on@ diferent@ fCds@ of@biotechnology@ (Pgure@ 4) ・ Two@ promi ing@ FOds@ of@biotechnology@ are@ bioinforma Ⅰ cs@ and

biochips@in@which@20@(e

， g ， Yokogawa@An3ytc6@ Inc ・ )@and@10@(e ・ g ・ PharmaDeSgn)@Japanese@bioventures@are@involved

Thiscanb 。 ， 。 。 " ㎞ for

instance,@Japan@possesses@a@strong@compet@ive@poStion@in@the@production@ofamino@aCds

In@ the@post-genome@era,@ @@ @@ hoped@that@the@Japanese@biotechnology@ @ dustry@can@ make@ use@of@these@producton@ski Ⅰ in@ the@long@run ・ For

if》he｜iochip technology《hows its impact｛n mass will｜e》he〉esult ， The｜iochip technology

opens@up@many@app Ⅰ ca Ⅰ ons@in@different@fiCds,@ e ， g ， @@ 3lows@to@automate@an3ys@@ work@in@ medi 3@ laboratoFes,@whi h@ @@ previouSy@done

manually and @ can be used for pati nt stratiica Ⅰ on in order to

devoop

custom@ ed drugs wih less Sde-effects However, [n man ノ ，

appl@ ations@of@biotechnology@competiive@advantages@are@so Ⅰ ly@based@on@product@innovation@instead@of@process@innovaton@at@present

ConcluSons

In@contrast@to@Germany,@large@companies@play@an@actve@role@for@the@forma Ⅰ on@of@biotechnology@companies ・ As@al eady@men Ⅰ oned,@one@thid

of@a Ⅰ new@biotech@companies@@@ based@on@spin-off@ac Ⅰ viies@of@incumbent@companies@and@in@addiion,@these@companies@are@also@involved@as

research@sponsors,@investors@or@co-founders@in@many@other@start-ups,@which@were@establshed@by@universiy@researchers

biotechnology@sector ・ Since@then,@ th*@ strong@inii l@ inFuence@ @@ gradu8ly@dimini hed@due@to@the@matu Ⅱ ng@of@the@who Ⅰ sector ， In@Japan,

government@p@

ys@

a@pacemaker@role@and@has@brought@into@

effect@

many@projects@and@

laws@ for@promo

Ⅰ

ng@entrepreneurship@

and@ technology

transfer@in@high-technology@sectors ・ Par Ⅰ culaFy,@the@budget@for@Life@Sciences@has@increased@steadiy@in@the@last@few@years

Large@companies

++

Government ++/+ ++

venture@capi3

++

entrepreneurship

++

几 b 「 c7,f 栢 p0cfo/cert 口 Ⅲ znstltM は on07 月 cfo は 0 れ %e メ cveio げ mcnto/ 枯 c&lo 化 chnofo&y Ⅲ み MstrylnGcrm0 ゆ 口れば / リ po れ %: Ⅳ e0 ん

%

尹は cncc,

+mi れ lo 「 in が n7 ひ 8%Ce@ ++..St 「のれど田打 は Ⅰ れ Cej

The@ emergence@ of@ venture@ capial@ in@ Germany@ has@ 3gnifican Ⅰ y@ cont Ⅰ buted@ to@ the@ biotech-boom@ in@ Germany ， Na Ⅰ onal@ as@ we@@ as

interna Ⅰ onal@venture@capialsts@became@increaSngly@aware@of@the@growth@potential@of@the@biotechnology@industry@in@ Germany In contr ひ ssl

venture@capi3@ has@been@neaTy@absent@in@Japan@un Ⅰ l@recen Ⅰ y ， However,@more@and@more@venture@cap@al@funds@has@been@rai ed@in@the@last@few