JAIST Repository
https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/
Title
Comparative Study on the Emergence of the
Biotechnology Industry in Germany and Japan
Author(s)
Muller, Christian; 藤原, 孝男
Citation
年次学術大会講演要旨集, 16: 432-435
Issue Date
2001-10-19
Type
Conference Paper
Text version
publisher
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/10119/6656
Rights
本著作物は研究・技術計画学会の許可のもとに掲載す
るものです。This material is posted here with
permission of the Japan Society for Science
Policy and Research Management.
2@A@20@
Comparative@Study@on@the@Emergence@of@the@Biotechnology@Industry
in@Germany@and@Japan
C ㎞
stianMUller
(Tec
㎞
nc
田Univ.ofHamburg)
,0
藤原孝男
(豊橋技術科学大
)Introduction
the〕ast’ew【ears , Of}articular(nterest‖re《mall,(nnovative|ioventures『hich‖re|reaking]ew》echnological“round(n》he[ost‖dvanced
branches@of@the@life@sciences ・ Many@studies@on@new@entrepreneurial@ entrants@in@biotechnology@ are@ mainly@addressed@to@ the@situation@ in@ the
United States
Certan@oements@such@as@the@ro Ⅰ of@technology@transfer@between@univerStes@and@industry@as@wCl@as@the@exi tence@of@venture@capi3@ play@an
and‘stablishment{f》hese《mall Thus,
to|e’ruitful》o in[ore‥eta@ the
emergence
of the biotechnology industry in diferent countries aganst the background of the@ na Ⅰ on3 set Ⅰ ngs ・ The present paperconcentrates@ on@ two@ latecomers@ into@ the@ business@ of@ biotechnology@ namely@ Japan@ and@ Germany@ which@ both@ are@ highly@ industrialized
COunt Ⅰ nieS
In this article , we pursue two purposes: First , we provide a comprehensive picture of》he evolution and the current
developments
ofbiotechnology@ in@ Japan@ and@ Germany Second, we compare the influence of certain
envionmental
factors on theemergence
of thebiotechnology@industry@in@Germany@and@Japan
In@doing@so,@we@devCop@an@instiuton8@
framework@for@the@emergence@of@the@biotechnology@industry@in@which@cert3n@envionment8@
factors
are(ntegrated・
FttS 仮 Ⅰ e Ⅰ : n れし加はれ 0 れ lal ノ ン Ⅰ mewo ァた foo ァ theem0 ァ @ge れ cRo Ⅰ blot ピ c ん %0loe ノ ・
According@to@the@latest@European@Biotech@ report@pub Ⅰ shed@by@the@consu Ⅰ ing@company@Schiag,@ Ernst@&@Young@(Schiag , Ernst@ &@Young,
2001),@ Germany@ could@ take@ the@ l ad@ in@ biotechnology@ in@ Europe@ in@ terms@ of@ number@ of@compani s , USng@ a@ very@ narrowly@ de?ned
understanding@of@biotech@compani
s,@Germany@has@curren
Ⅰ y@333@biotech@compani
s@compared@
to@ 271@companies@ in@
the@
UK@and@ 240@ in
feder3@ as@wol@as@the@loc@@ governments@to@estab Ⅰ sh@stFct@regu Ⅰ Ⅰ ons@for@biotechnology-re Ⅰ ted@research,@characte Ⅰ zed@the@Stua Ⅰ on@in@the earInyg0s
れ
一
' 。 。 " 。 。 。 。 。F 確 lf 「 e2: C, ぬ n7te,rsim Ⅰ 仇 no 切れ On 伽 hioteC んれ 0 わ 9 ノ
Current@situation@of@the@biotechno
Ⅰgy@sector@@@
Germany
A Ⅰ hough@the@swit@increase@of@number@of@biotech@compani s@in@Germany@@@ impresSve,@the@German@biotech@@ dustry@@@ st@@ in@is@infancy ,
Th@@ immatuLty@ of@the@ biotechnology@ sector@ in@ Germany@ compared@ to@ the@ Unied@ States@ as@ wCl@ as@ to@ @s United
Kingdom@can@be@clearly@exemplified@by@the@following@indicators
only‖pproximately・ ・ annual《ales
In 2000 , there『ere(n total 6‥rug…andidates(n the}ipeline・ to…linical phase!II)’rom}ublicly-traded
German
biotechcompanies…ompared》o・ ・
17;erman|iotech…ompanies『ere〕isted{n》he・
The は fore b@ ventures have to
dev0op
quickly a c Ⅱ ti 3 mass SomeGerman
biotech compa Ⅱ es have recog Ⅱ zed that integra Ⅰ on ofactviies@along@the@value@chain@
@@
crucial@
for@sustainable@growth
,As@more@and@
more@pharmaceutical@
companies@outsource@certain@
parts@of
the@@
research@
and@development@
efforts,@
specia4zed@ (biotech)@
companies@ have@
to@offer@
a@ set@of@ integrated@
platform@ technologies
(one-stop-shopping)
・Responding@
to@these@
chalenges,@ German@ companies@ acquied@ other@
European@ (Evotec's@
Cocated@ in@ Hamburg)
acqui iion@ of@ Oxford@ Asymmetry@ Interna Ⅰ onal,@ UK)@ and@ in@ partcular@ US-AmeFcan@ biotech@ companies@ (e ・ g ・ GPC@ Biotech@ (Munich)
acquied@Miotx,@USA;@Lion@Bioscience@(Heidelberg)@acquied@Trega@Bioscience@and@Medigene@(Munich)@acquied@NeuroV@@ Therapeutics)
In@contrast@to@the@Stuaton@in@the@US@and@the@UK,@p@ tform@technology-based@compan Ⅰ s@are@the@prev3 Ⅰ ng@buSness@mode@@ @@ the@German
These business models
the‖dvantage{f|eing〕ess Ⅰ skyヾnce》he
enab Ⅰ ng@technologies@can@be@used@for@a@wide@range@of@app Ⅰ catons
A Ⅰ hough@investments@in@product-based@compani s@are@more@ri ky,@they@promi e@higher@returns@in@the@long@run , Thus,@an@increaSng@number@of
investors@prefer@these@buSness@mode@@ in@the@hope@to@have@an@equiy@stake@ in@a@company@wih@potenti3@ blockbusters@in@ is@ R&D@pip0ine
Recen Ⅰ y,@company@growth@@@ hampered@in@Germany@by@the@lack@of@speCai ts@in@bioinformati s@as@wCl@as@expe Ⅱ enced@senior@managers@for
buSness@ dev0opment@ asSgnments Some univerSt@ s push bioinformalcs in the@ cur Ⅱ cUums and sponsor chais for bioinformati s,
Overview@of@the@ev0ution@and@devCopment@of@biotechnology@in@Japan
ユ
Ⅰ
e of|iotechnology in Japan has ride『ithin its In the early 1980s , manyJapanese@compani s@recognized@the@potenti l@of@modern@biotechnology ・ In@contrast@to@the@dev0opments@in@the@Unied@States,@these@compani s
were@aleady@estab Ⅰ shed@compani s@or@part@of@a@industri3@ group@(Keietsu Ⅰ Interes Ⅰ ngly,@not@only@tradiion Ⅰ pharmaceu Ⅰ c3.@chemic@@ and
food@procesSng@compani s@stepped@into@the@modern@biotechnology@but@al o@many@compani s@wih@tot8ly@unrCated@core@buSnesses@such@as
ste0@ manufacturers@ and@ even@ construc Ⅰ on@ compani s Because of》he o@ cri @ and dimini hing profits in the@ core buSnesses, these
compani s@conc0ved@biotechnology@as@an@opportuniy@to@diverSfy@the@@ buSness
In@ the@ 1990s,@however,@the@biotechnology@upswing@ended , Sever3@ Japanese@large@corpora Ⅰ ons@stopped@or@reduced@the@@ research@ efforts@in
biotechnology ,
There ぬ re,on@ № od pharmaceu Ⅰ cal@and@chemical@companies@invested@Sgni@canty@in@the@modern@biotechnology@in@Japan@duLng@the@90s
Current@Stua Ⅰ on@of@the@bi techn0ogy@sector@in@Japan
Recently we can winess the estab Ⅰ shment of several new biotechnology companies in Japan According to the Japan Bioindustry
AssoCa Ⅰ on@(JBA Ⅰ there@exi ts@curren Ⅰ y@247@compani s@in@biotechnology@and@m8n@of@these@were@founded@in@the@last@two@years@as@shown@in
figure@3 Figure@3:@ Number@of@New@Start-up@companies@in@Japan@from@1990@to@2001@according@to@Japan@Bioindustry@Association
One@third@of@the@biotechnology@companies@was@approxi
ately@established@by@university@researchers
,one@third@represents@spin-offs@of@large
and medium-sized enterprises and the remaining were established by others (Japan Bioindustry Association)
These@ companies@ focus@ on@ diferent@ fCds@ of@biotechnology@ (Pgure@ 4) ・ Two@ promi ing@ FOds@ of@biotechnology@ are@ bioinforma Ⅰ cs@ and
biochips@in@which@20@(e
, g , Yokogawa@An3ytc6@ Inc ・ )@and@10@(e ・ g ・ PharmaDeSgn)@Japanese@bioventures@are@involved
Thiscanb 。 , 。 。 " ㎞ for
instance,@Japan@possesses@a@strong@compet@ive@poStion@in@the@production@ofamino@aCds
In@ the@post-genome@era,@ @@ @@ hoped@that@the@Japanese@biotechnology@ @ dustry@can@ make@ use@of@these@producton@ski Ⅰ in@ the@long@run ・ For
if》he|iochip technology《hows its impact{n mass will|e》he〉esult , The|iochip technology
opens@up@many@app Ⅰ ca Ⅰ ons@in@different@fiCds,@ e , g , @@ 3lows@to@automate@an3ys@@ work@in@ medi 3@ laboratoFes,@whi h@ @@ previouSy@done
manually and @ can be used for pati nt stratiica Ⅰ on in order to
devoop
custom@ ed drugs wih less Sde-effects However, [n man ノ ,appl@ ations@of@biotechnology@competiive@advantages@are@so Ⅰ ly@based@on@product@innovation@instead@of@process@innovaton@at@present
ConcluSons
In@contrast@to@Germany,@large@companies@play@an@actve@role@for@the@forma Ⅰ on@of@biotechnology@companies ・ As@al eady@men Ⅰ oned,@one@thid
of@a Ⅰ new@biotech@companies@@@ based@on@spin-off@ac Ⅰ viies@of@incumbent@companies@and@in@addiion,@these@companies@are@also@involved@as
research@sponsors,@investors@or@co-founders@in@many@other@start-ups,@which@were@establshed@by@universiy@researchers
biotechnology@sector ・ Since@then,@ th*@ strong@inii l@ inFuence@ @@ gradu8ly@dimini hed@due@to@the@matu Ⅱ ng@of@the@who Ⅰ sector , In@Japan,
government@p@
ys@a@pacemaker@role@and@has@brought@into@
effect@many@projects@and@
laws@ for@promo
Ⅰng@entrepreneurship@
and@ technology
transfer@in@high-technology@sectors ・ Par Ⅰ culaFy,@the@budget@for@Life@Sciences@has@increased@steadiy@in@the@last@few@years
Large@companies
++Government ++/+ ++
venture@capi3
++entrepreneurship
++几 b 「 c7,f 栢 p0cfo/cert 口 Ⅲ znstltM は on07 月 cfo は 0 れ %e メ cveio げ mcnto/ 枯 c&lo 化 chnofo&y Ⅲ み MstrylnGcrm0 ゆ 口れば / リ po れ %: Ⅳ e0 ん
%
尹は cncc,+mi れ lo 「 in が n7 ひ 8%Ce@ ++..St 「のれど田打 は Ⅰ れ Cej
The@ emergence@ of@ venture@ capial@ in@ Germany@ has@ 3gnifican Ⅰ y@ cont Ⅰ buted@ to@ the@ biotech-boom@ in@ Germany , Na Ⅰ onal@ as@ we@@ as
interna Ⅰ onal@venture@capialsts@became@increaSngly@aware@of@the@growth@potential@of@the@biotechnology@industry@in@ Germany In contr ひ ssl
venture@capi3@ has@been@neaTy@absent@in@Japan@un Ⅰ l@recen Ⅰ y , However,@more@and@more@venture@cap@al@funds@has@been@rai ed@in@the@last@few