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(1)Walt. Whitman's. chantiTZg. Square. the. Deific. By. Alan. B.∫ⅡOWES. J. In. a. conversation. Chanting. his poem. ⊂the poemコin mine. it.''1. be. the. at. best. sides. of the. driving. Ruler.. forces. He. sees. divine. 1igion, for. both. the. tlniverse. of. are. that the. that. conflict. between. present. and. rather. than. the. both. is not,. said. the. conversation. ``It would. :. of spiritual. as. sides. done. than. Spirit of. members conceived. First パAged ing'',. lessly. add. the. square. to. he. constituted. re･･. collection. of-. distant. or. the. world life. In. man's. re.. of one. of. of the conception. just or. as. absolute in. anything. the. fourth. in. in. some. Father,. give. (even. in the. below. familiar. a. distinctly. entity-the. north,. this. something): the. also･ idea_. the. :. the soul universe)-the. supernatural. Trinity. LThus of Father,. Son,. it.. has. the. individual. in. He. made. the universe. us. and four. he. has. look. at. and. Let. manner.. tbehas. Whitman. poem."3. Christian. fou;. is not. detail. law. representing ever. justice.. and. inexorable".. I‡im the He. is described. Ⅱe. laws. thosemighty. new-everwith. itse一f. Through. q3udgments. four･square. Satan, to member, the forces at work. express. computation-yet is Time. the. the. Whitman. above, expression. mathematical :. or. to. referred. universe. (the. of the poem. member. members. comes. beyond for. the. and. idea. substance. take. merely. Tranbel. the. give. nniverse. back. of each. of the. each. the. idea. the. to. spiritual. of the. sustaining. more. Holy. hard. be. west. but. poem. Whitman a. and. in. sense,. usual. Creator. Religiousness,. by. recorded. equity-of. east,. south,. the. for. the. and. he believesA. worlds."2. objective In. Satan,. becomes its. important. are. to. shorter. which. in. in,. of science. the. me,. Son,. forces. his prefaces he says "To worlds of Divine, Ideal, latent, are the the thollgh and mainly of of Universe as CbeⅡ1istry, the Humanity the and of world :. than. to write. di氏cult. is. poem. the. the. merely. world. trying. philosophy.. his God. and. of. explain. Wbitman's. believes. hence. to. better. am. among. poem. Whitman. divine. universe. of. The. l. tbe･. one. statement. universe.. as. the. is. said. words. now. of his whole Father, square-the. Whitman's. of God. no. it. own. summary. kind. of the. all of the. garded. a. itself:. wrote. Whitman. enoughtrying its. to丘t. Vbitman. with. 1Ⅳalt. lame. am. seems. time. as. in. ``I. poem. same. serves. important. most. statement. the. but. the. agreed. Spirita-repr･esent. Santa. idea. time. have. critics. which four. The. the. Traubel,. Horace. DeijicI. words-the. at. fully;. poems. a. See,. Many. explain. to. other. Yo†l. by. recorded ike Square. laws is. of connected. nature. work with. the. as. roll･ relent･ Earth.

(2) TAlan. 2. through. the by. served. of Nature.. laws. implication. 〃Fatber''. =Time". and. 1igions underthe The terms. Consolator,. or. love,. of mercy,. God. ". laws. natural. ideals. rather. of the. Son. Christ. is of. more. values, than. with. natural. Whitman. whom course. but. Hermes. messellger Of the gods Hermes which always. hence. we. The. of. was. human. examples choice. of. Hercules. and. because. the. need. he The. men.. have. to. supposed. the. on. with The. be. also. inexorable. three. interesting. Hermes. in. mightier. based. associate. mainly chosen link between gods and. the. carried,. choices to. the. partly. universe.. especially. the. seems. and. of the. are. at. re･. described ". Unlik色the least. that. ones. order. selects. obvious,. explanation.. 1ng. the. are. are. is. is the. He. speci丘c. Kronos.. and. poets".. and. functions. various. re-. Earth",. ``. called. square,. suffering.. prophets. for his qualities. with. the. of. is. he. is. function. this. Saturnius,. sacrifice, and. the. Hence. Brahrn,. Son's. for. identi丘ed. member. by. Father,. of the. of human. world. charity,. Creator;. Spirita.. second. りforetold. comes. and. well. its. being. as. of Jehovah,. names. Son. Santa. as. Howes. is not. but. for- the. B.. is. the. caduceus,. bring･. df. power. peace.. The. Greek. Christ. (Arete). both. involved. poisoned. Deianeira. while. magic. to. certain. than. wonderful Perhaps. the. feats. knights, Hercules both. and. Both. the. the. devoted. feeding. of most. the. square. Father are. It is not. of. Christ. had. to. the. ideal. and. the. single. completely. the. The. his. labors. of Hercules. divine. deeds. than ideal. their. as. of Son. labor. and. doing. good.. are. individuals. why. the. v. but. third, side. Whitman. uses. is. which. In. like. two. represented. only.. the. but. the these. short,. their. last. more. fishes.. and. more. during. the. no. Christ,. of. tis. is. robe. throughits. loaves. little. pattern.. suffering. composites,. The. and. a. love. t:he. aid-are. the. is. that. feats of Hercules-. wonderful. knights. bear. clear. regain. with. and. knowingly,. fact. with. of the. on. betrayer. of the. of the multitude labors of Hercules. medieval. took. to. in. accomplished. Christ's. Christ. her. ellable. is. sometimes. to. death. Christ. betrays. god. persecuted. put. the. was. a. restored. The. unwittingly. Judas. ignorance. something Christ's career. of. of the. were. il: will. there. are. all,. after. in. was. humans.. close. aithougb. He. ; and. was. He. AIcmene).. he. someone. father. his. dead.. by. when. cases. reasons,. that. parts. tone. marvelous. both. Hercules. only Finally,. incidentally,. wbicb,. and. for sel丘sb betrays. power.. ･similarl. Christ,. gifts by Satan. by. tempted. life of. the. different. offered was. treachery. to. parallels. CIlrist. as. i)ersecuted. was. In. thinking. poisoned,. ･of Satan.. suffering. betrayal. .made. was. Vice.Like. of. Christ. as. of Nessus.. robe the. just. temptations. Juno,. goddess. rHercules. superficial.4. (Kakia),. many. He. a was (the princess mortal mother as Christ from the life, just Laz:arus raised. to. the. show. his. and. AIcestis by. the. withstood. (Jupiter). than. Vice. and. Hercules. about. more. are. which. LVirtue. stories. single. both. lives, and. members 'by. only example.

(3) The. of Satan. in. different. many. force, this. or. "ignorant=. he. words,. heart,. bin. without. energy. Energy,. Love. is. conception. Nor whitman. nor. is the. two. between. the. qualities. of love,. shall. of eternal. law. wisdom. charity'and. and. early. Consolator. death. with. who. said:. Reason. and. is the. active. EternalDelight･"5. me. terms. w■itb or. of the. my. any,. real. as. any,. words･. Man. square･. is caught-. but the spiritual revolt･ eternal for his suffering his up and make. and. :. says. knowing. l. well. destin'd. am. to. myself. an･. :. Charity. my. no. ∫allied. Blake,. is. equal. change. make. l pass,. strong. and. have. as. ever. absolutes. young. has. death-my. no. dies. Wisdom. not,. early･. -neither. late,. nor. my. these. fourth. side, warlike,. in. The. And. from. existence. life signi丘cant.. But. Satan. change,. as. Repulsion,. life-Energy. only. absdlutisⅠ℃,. existence･･･Evil. describes my. William. of. Human. to. human. sees. that. Attraction. necessary. are. here,. time,. to. akin. scorning,. would. evil. of. my. of. He nobility･ Father･ of the. Consolator. Whitman's. In his. tbis･ depths. in their. unchallenged. alone･. is "crafty. the. and laws. eternally触ed. would. Satan. whoever,. sympathy. of. be. progression･. Whitman. permanent. the. in. per･. Wbitmam. and. than. more. but. evil. He. against. andthe. Energy...Energy. it is that. Above. no. is. always,. toLICh. asりaloof",.. in. change･. he. challenged,. closely. Hate,. and. from. springing. spirita,. perfor皿･. Contraries. without. be. seems. revolt. and. Thus. to. function. necessary. Father. of the. but. and a. against. struggle. to. and. simpler. a. merely. illustrated. of slaves…black･ has. Satan. is not. of qualities,. be. subject. not. now. he. itself would. identity. human. and. / Lifted,. laws. the. collection. as. of evil. describe. Satan. best. criminals'';. theりbrother. eternal. Also,. could. of. me…''Hence. the. represents. …comrade. any;. toru1e. assumes. ". as. proud. qualities. conceived to. literattlre. in. enough. going. composite.. is timeless. is also. were. complicated. these. the. and. a. more. much. Father,. the. in. common. Whitman. if he. 3. Deib. ",. like. own. a. felt that. have. satan,. is. lost. ihc Square. are. Perhaps. felt that. be. would he. soni丘ed; may. he. devils. other. religions･. perhaps. effect. of. names. Chanting. Whitman's. walt. Love,. bequeath'd. three. divine. elements. breather,. SPIRITA,. Beyond. the. light, lighter. Beyond. the. flames. Beyond. Paradise-perfumed. ･Including and. is the. all life Satan ;. on. of. elsewhere,. and. never. dies.. of life itself, the. essence. of the square･ in whomall. member. santa. her;. sweet. is included. and. Santa. transcended. life, light;. than. belトjoyollS,. leaping. solelywith. earth-touching,. easily mine. including. own. above. perfume God-inc一uding. hel壬; ;. Saviour. :.

(4) 4. Alan. Ethereal,. B.. flowe白. (for without. pervadingal1,. me,. were. what. all?. were. what. God?). Essende. forms-life. of. (na血ely Life. of the the. Here. js. the. other. was of languages feminine ending. sketchy. and. the. the. is. man. may. l. that. critic. Out. and. of. man-Ⅰ,. obedient,. of the. thing. great. of the is. man. brain. woman. of the the. upon. greatness. shaped. earth. man. of in. the. a. however,. clearly. thinks･. of. life:. come. folds of. allthe. is unfolded,. through. Iand. woman,. name. is all sympathy. woman. is. the. noticed,. justice. all. the. knowledge. give. in. all else. worr)an･s. of the. sympathy. to. Spirita. made. his. that. intended. behind. duly. Whitman. why. of has FoILお, Whitman. oflhe. Santa. the. aware. source. justice. solid,. suggested. am. brain, the. most. to. have. not. of the. out. the. he. folds. of. jot. every. positive,. songs.. as. puzzled even have. ultimate. out. a. stars,. ar占masctlline,. of the. man's. Unfolded. been. Unfolded. as. Unfolded. First. a11･6. out. and. these. square. some. No. poem. Unfolded. A. have and. at. sun. solid, I the. of the. members. feminine. rthat in the earlier principle ･the female. the. through. also. critics. member. the. world･. finishing,. breath. Many. permanent,. Soul,. square my. feminine･. fourth. round. general. the. reaトidentities,. unseen,). great. Breatbe While. the. the. of. ;. bllt. eternity,. of woman; be shaped then. out. unfolded he can. in. bimself.7 Tbe. of the. use. ･surely Chanting. signi丘cant,. Spirita. is at. members. r'evolt･. time. and. Father the. the. in. way. and. Son. are. putat)'on-yet. he. represents. Time. yet. "themightier. human. experience. Spirita,. is. described. is. All. are. -new. ''; but. and. natural. God",. this. love however,. and is. ". this. most. three kind･. different. a. can. paradox. mercy. often. lighter. than. of the. fromthat. easily. the also. triumph. is. be over. Son. in. terms ･･. of paradox, beyond. aged. 〟. ligbt…etbereal…亡yet]. com･. because. most. mild'･. and in. because. understood, Time. above square.. whichthe. understood is. per･. law,. of is. member. Father be. principles. in. other. rational. She. described. Santa. for the. space.. and. different. Altbougb can. rational. solid…. The. paradox. laⅦ･.. who. time. yetりthe. she. of. member. in. Son. the. woman,. is beyond. is. poem. the. and. of realization. conAicting upon. earlier. Father of the. out. means. and. visualized･ are. paradoxes. asthe only. r占concile the are dependent. unseen. which. ever. 5anta. to. well. is the. She. Which. space,. The. but. mercyi. and. as. the. of the. qualities. all is unfolded. Since. source. able. the. are. DeiPc.. square･. hence. and. these. the. once. of the. ception. for. Square. ike. "sympatby''in. =justice''and. words. and. the. nature. most. The solid. ''.

(5) Whitman's. Walt. of the. member the. For. in. them,. no. in. mercy. and. the. reconciled. might. sort,. any. siege. to. modern. iron. various. weave. a. this. story. Joy?e. a. within. his. altbougb. Eliot･. birth, whitman. analysis,. the be. can. subtle,. vast,. until. law,. the. and. evil. individual the. are. will. a. because. it. PeiPc ideas. and. is offensive. Lost. such. in. and. associations,. latter. the. takes treats. utilizes the personalities does try to but not. of. of. com･. Homer. as. of for. vehicle the. Paradise. Whitman. of. a. penciled. them. The. Square. poem. as. he. treats. Thus. framework. narrative. inadequate. disputes･･.. his. in. is. and things,. electric some. his. is. po. the. In. Clne. or. of his. some. contemporary this. use. techmique. least. the. however. favorite. possible insect･. the. and in. indirect. to. of. On. eyesight,. ba用･e. motion･. corporeal. relations･, -itself. and. parts in. remain. to. love･. pllilosophy in ■deepest. [sicコcan･. vitality, present. themes. lecttlre. a. thoughthe. and. atoms even. system; philosophical less consistent view of life,. notes壬or. philosophy. dissected,. soul,. more. treatment. The. universe･. seized. it gets. true. developed. carefully for bin a. eternity･. and. tbe皿ain. can,. aggregates. in. shown. "It. explain. a. provide. time.. wrote:. thought. sad. sex,. and. anyhow･. althoughbotQ. poem did. beliefs. death,. I. but. framework.. is consistently. which. beart･. associationaltechnique. Whitman's. is. the. a. nonsense･. ･･J'9. It is. them.. and. narrat:ive. Nor. us･. their. religions. revolt. of. magazine. cognizanceand. anticipatesthe. as. writers. and. arbund. respect. to. and. of. terms. the. was. 1849. an. of. is,. natural. of. principle. In. using. framework. a. Space,. and. soul･. intelligence. and. myths. the. margin. armies. science. life itself. and. any. all.8. the. and. has. at. anywhere. Time. justice. the. beliefswithout. of human. opposing. and. in. Lost. out. things. body'the･mind. such. Pwadise. entirely. his. and. POem･. In the. "The. themes. But. felt that. for. of. lover,. things,. of for. horrors. points,. happen. inherences. essence■of. these. he. the. aspects. father,. minutest. possibly. aspirations,. the. presents. religiollS. ment:. that. the. provides. Of. transcended. whitman. be,. which. the. what. husband,. for all and. Death. also and. in. Heavenly. all be. say. can. provides. bythe. for. for. matter. child,. for, to. whatever. sche一ne. no. wife,. Life. eternal. all included. of life through. view. sea,. al:. provided. of human. one. No. are. that. sympathy. .can. a. whose. think. believe Thus. matter. is provided. time,. sense.. wrecks. doubt. not. the. reconciles all its divergent In Assurances he says:. universe. that. dow･n,. gone. I do. not. from comprehend Santa Spirita re･. to. easy. Ultimately,. Wbitman's. temporal. a. doubt. not. I do. of the. view. if not. I do. so. not. 5. Dcib. elements.. Wbitman's. eternal. an. are. experience. in. element. all other. reconciled. in. mystical. ihc Squaye. qualities. human. of normal. the. presents. These. square.. standpoint. Ch御伽g. and. us･. and. mystery･. restless. the relations.

(6) 6. AlaII. between. itself and. this. Square. Space. and. best. way. Deijic, for. behind. this. poem,. this. clue.. mystery. this. and. the. all. is the. Perhaps. them･"10 lhe. Time,. B.口owes. to. objects. his apprわach alュ his major. summarize. behind. as. rand. processes. to. that丘1I Chanting. poems,. are. NOTJi:S l･. Horace. 2･. Walt. Whitman,. York,. 1946;. 3. 4･. Traubel, For. a. Myihs. See George. and The. L･. the. Grass,. 8.. Ibid., p. 374.. 9･. Co〝ゆIele WyitLlngs. 10.. is from. York,. 1914;. by. Emory. edited. Whitman's. Preface. to. Vol.. 1, p.. 156.. Holloway), the. 1876. New. Edit1'on.. 'L. are. of. Vol･ also. and. the Square. ⅠⅩ, No.. lnclusive. Wnli. 1893;. Hcavcn. discussed. Whitman,. Hercules,. connectedwith. York,. 'Chanting. Holloway. of. myths. 2. see. Guerber,. H,A.. 2161239.. pp.. Hell. Deific'-A. (May. Study. 1937);. pp.. in Whitman's 171-195.. Religion Various. other. in this article.. Edition, p.. 328.. (Book･Lover's. Camden. Edition), New. York,. 1902,. made. the. ⅠⅩ, p. 97.. ZbJ'd., Vol. notes.. New. Maryiage. poem. Leaves. Vol.. the. Sixbey,. 7.. of. of. Literaiuyc,. aspect&of. (Inclusive edition. quotation. Rome,. account. Blake,. Am2rican. New. ",. 6･. of. in Camden,. cii.. Grccce. of. Whitman Grass,. The. 520.. p,. detailed. William. Wall. Leaves. locus. 5.. in. mih. Traubel･. IX, p.. 182.. Whitman. never. delivered. the. lecture. for. which. he.

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