FIBERING IN A FOLIATED RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLD
BYKEIzo SHIOZAKI
Introduction. The general concept of a foliated manif()1d is discribed by Mogi[1]. in detail. Befbre it, Reinhart discussed鈍ated manifblds with b㎜dle−Hke metrics which are the metrics on socaUed base spaces[2]. Recently a◎onsideration on a fbliated monifbld with 1−d口nensiOnal distribution was done for the case of it having the bundle−like metric[6]. In this paper, we shall try to search the contact of a fbHated manifold with a fibred spa㏄[3][4][5], esp㏄ially the one with invariant Riemannian metric[5]. Resultantly, we are taking the sp㏄ial consideration that a’foliated manifbld has iSometriC leaves. 1.Fundamental concepts. Letルf be a foliated manif()1d of dimension m十1, admitting an involutive distribution・P of dimension l, and {xa, xo;σ}be a cu1)icaI coordinate system㏄ntered at x, fbr each x∈M, such that each of its 1−dimensional shces defined byポ』cα, where c’s are less constant than breadth ofσ, be an in− tegral manifold of P, and in suchσ,(∂/∂xo)x, x∈σ, composes a base of Px. For any two coordinate systems{ピ,xo;U}and{ピ’, xo’;ぴ}, as they are且at with resp㏄t to P[1][2], the coordinate transfbrmation inσ∩ぴ(十φ)is given by (1.1) xα’−xα’(xβ), x°’=xo’(xβ, x°) (α,β=1.…,〃1) and hence we have (1.2) ∂xa「 (∂xA’∂xB)一 ∂xβ ∂xOt ∂xβ一0
∂xo’ fiンx・ When we treat the tangent bundle of such M, our considerations are ascribable to the theory of τ▼−bundle[1], that is, the structure group of this tangent bundle be・…9r・up…1・m・・・・…h・f・rm(Ea Oru Eo)・w…e・E・一(・・β)・E・−1 and r・一 (r,,… ,r.), and therefbre it iS essential on M to consider m−functions ra == ra(xβ, f)in every coordinate neighbOrhoodσ∈2t,班being an open cove血g of M, which have the fb皿owin91aw of transfbrmation under(1.1)inσ∩U, iφ(1・・) τノー器(器+r・器)・
If、 there exist Such*} m−functions ra=ra(xβ・xo) in every coordinate neighborhood σ∈班,then they detem血1e a cross s㏄tionγof r−bundle[1], and we can take the [21]22
K.SHIOZAKI
natura1γ一frame{Xa, Xo}五1 the f()m(1・・) 賑仇一ra・;・X・一・・(・・一、1・)
and the cofraine{θβ,一θo}which lare dual to{Xd, Xo}, Written by ’ (1.5) θβ == dxβ, θo=dxo十rβdxβ. From(1.2),(1.3)and(1.4)or(L5), we have(1・・) Xa’一器為, x・’一蒜㌔
or
’(1.7) ・〃一器・ae・・一器・・ .
i皿σ∩ぴ. Hereaftef we assume the exist㎝㏄of r」in everyこノ. The tangent spaCe Ts(M)at x∈M may be decomposed into direct sum (1.8) Tx(M)=P.(M)+(2.(M) where Ps(M)=.」Ps and(}x(M)is a complement of Px in Tx(M). If is obvious inσ that Xa(α=1,.…, m)fbrm a base ofρ。 and Xo fbrms the one of px. AIeaf is a 1−dimensional integral manifbld of a distribution P, therefore there al: ways exists C1−integral curve A=A(’)of P on each leaf and dA/〃 込 evefywhere .non−zero vector. We set inσ 〃鍾 ’・.(1・9) dt
=AX,』, A・,=A(v,x°), and we have inσ∩σ’ ∂xo’(1.10). . A’=
.4, ∂xo ・from (1・6)・ . :. t .. 「』 . 二 〔...ket N be.胆other,differe皿tiable manifold・qf dimention〃1,πbe a decomposition map丘)r p fromハ(OntO IV and .g ==(gaβ)be・a Ri㎝annian metric on N. Now we. put g=(9AB)as fb皿ows (1.11) 9・・=・A−209β・−9・β一がrβ,9。β一G。B+A−2r.rβ where Gαβare m−£unctions defined by gati=Gαβ。π一1 and GαβGβr ・δar. Then we can s㏄that g=(gAB)is a Riemannian二metric.bn M[6]. In fact, from(1.5)and(1.11),we have
ds’2−9ABdxAdxB−9・。θ゜θ゜+Gaβdbeqdxβ, − WhiCh is the −reclUired・・ form「of metric on;afoliated ma㎡601d㌃M[2]. The Case when G砲o=0・is disCussed by Reinhart・[2]and named bundle−like metric, where cornma de血(ites derivation∂h.・111.our foliated manifbldハイ, bundle−Hke inetric苛is.an im. portant object and may be essential,:so拓e treat only bundle−1ike metric unless other− ..wise indicated・ .・ ㌧ 〉・… ノ ’. .\ . ’/ : ’. ’F・・aρ一f・頂φ一・¢a・…・・θ『1八‥二八θ”’・d¢i・岨tt・n by th・fb㎝ *} Instea’d of thiS condition(1.3), the condition of(1.4)−and(1.5)satisfシing(L6)and(1.7) . respectively.血ay.be used,1as,Φe. one that determines a croSs s㏄tion..、ofハbundle’[1].d¢=d5a1…αtθα1八・⇔〈θαt t ==(∂φα1…僻一∂’φα1…at十∂”φα1…α,)∧θα1∧… ∧θαt −∂φ一∂’φ+∂”φ, wh・re・i・Ce・df一θ゜∂・∫ザ(∂・−r・∂・)緬・.a real−val・・d麺・ti・n f,・w・h・ve’ P.tt Of =:θo∂of・∂ゲ=.θαrd∂of,∂’ゲ』θα∂α∫・and df=6ゲー∂’f十∂’rf二 . . . . ㌔
Then we define a derivati∀e珍by … ”
』亥カー(d−∂)φ一(一∂’+∂〃)φ 亡1コ. Putting@o=吻(rαθα), we can write(1・12)、 ,θ゜一一R・・θ・∧…、 _. :
where we put (1・.13) −Rβa一τ。,・−rB,。+11β,。r.−r,。,。rβ. On the other hand;we hゴve丘om(i.4) 』 ’ . ’ 1)900」身oo−2九, oθagoo =θa(∂』t−ra∂o)90e二2ra, oθagoo =−2∠4−3(∠1,a一τ1α∠1,0十Ara, o)θα, r . yhere負)r a P−tensor τof type(rss), the.operator D is denoted by・. D徽一吻T;:1二r.+熱・・喋:鴻酬鳴1:ll
輿tt垣9θ1L(∂∫rのθ・, r。。−r。,(i, i、,ノ, js−0)[1コ. If X is a basic vectorプ7eld[1], that is,才一ξβ(St)・XB, then we have. (1・14) (1)9・・)(X)一一2ピメー・(4。−r。4。+∬品:6) 、 =” £900, which shows that the condition fbrバグto have isometric leaves is ’(1・15) ん一r。4。+Ara,。−0,
もecauseハぜis said to have iso〃tetric/eaves if 1)900=O is satis丘ed on、M. F・・ap・ir・・f・tw・v㏄t・・丘・ld・X, Y∈砕∈M),θ・’d・t・m血e、・。 。e。t。,丘。1d、. (1.16) @(X, Y)=@(X, 】つ゜Xo 』』 . −㌔ ” belong口1g to 1「」・ If X and Y are both basic[1], then We have (1.17) ∂o(@o(Xl,γ))=(∂o@oxx, Y). こHence we get i
” 11)290e=一@ogoo, o−2∂oθe●900, , and then ...(L18) (D29。。XX,γ)一一£9。。プ
θ(x,Y)by・i「t…f(1・m・whi・h・㎞P弊th・tθ(X,.・y)i・a剛9・㏄t・・丘・1d麺d・nly
’f (D29・・XX・ ”一゜・W㎞・’D・・一・d・d・㏄㌔、鵠・一・・ご・h・n・剛・w日t….輌 our fbliated Riemannian man証bld’ l, equations(L15)are satiSfied,・thenハf admitsa剛9・e・1o・’五・1dθ(元η・・ea・h 1・af,「[1コ・ ・ ’1.・’
・lf w・p・t・C−AX・, i−A−’b’°(A−A〈・g,・0)),・the・・w・h・v・ (1.19) 矛(ζ)=1,24
K.SHIOZAKI
へ へ(1.20) 9(C,’C)−1
from(1.11)and へ へ り (1.21) 萄(X)=g(C,X), へ二∼being an arbitrary v㏄tor丘eld in M, that is,λr=ξα石+ξ゜Xo(ga・=y(xβ・af)))・ Directly calculating£g, we have from(1.11) 』 ・ 6 fgoo.=−2Al−2/1,0十2/1,0/1−2=0, 」 £9。a−A−2(4。−4。7a+Ara,・), εand
fg。β一A−・{(ん一4。ra+Ara,・)rβ+(4β一4・rβ+∬β,・)ra}・、 e We have tfom(L15)the fb皿owin9: THEoREM 1.1. If a fb五ated manifbld M with 1−dimensional dist亘bution admitt口lg the Riemannian Inetric g**)defined by(1.11)has isOmetric leaves, then M is a. 砲・4W・・W励・・’∫・・’R’・砲朋励m・t・i・g***}[5コ・which admit・Killing・㏄t・r 丘elds on each leaf. 2.The tensor calc111us. Letハイbe a fbliated manifbld with 1−d㎞ensio皿al dist亘bu− tion adlnitting the bundkハー1ike・metric defined by(L1.1)and having isometric leaves.…n・he c・m・・n・n・・{副…h・N・mann・・n・・nn㏄…nd…㎜・d by…ゆ・n
as fbllows[6], by putting(gABXgBc)=(δAc)and consequently getting gαβ=Gαβ, goα =−fγατ「γand goo=ノ12十GTarrr., (2.1)㈲一・
{陥}一TG仰R・βメー2 {£}一{£}+−ltG‘teA−・(R・Brr+…r・){品トA−・4・
一・丁鋼砲一2−A−・4・
θ
{£}一一ra{£}−A”A・…’・r・+丁(r…+r…+r・…rr+r…P・)・where
{£}一÷G・・(G・3・・+G・r・・−G・…) Raβ・・ra,β一τ▼β,。+rβ,・ra−ra,・「β・ On the other hand, if we put 』 **)Gis of course bundle・1ike metric. h this case, the base space and the五bre of our fibred space arCπ一1(N)and each leaf of M, respectively・ ***) Conditions(1.19),(1.20),(L21)and£g=O are of M bei lg a fibred space with mva亘ant Riema皿ian・metric・9. 6FIBERING IN A FOUATED]FUEMANNIAN MANIFOLD 25
シ h (2.2) C==AXo=A∂o, Ba==正IXα=」E(∂d−ra∂o) inσ, then we get from(1.5) ぺ (2.3) . ガ=∠1−1θo=∠4−1(4Wo十radxa), Ca=E−1θα=E−idjtCt・ Fbr the convenience of sequel calculatio皿s, we sha皿use the fbllowing notations へ ら about Ba, C,ζa and ガ, 9a; (Eaβ)=(δaβE, 一」研「α), へ C;(Eβ)=(δ。BA), べ ζα; (・Eca)一(δcαe1)and
ガ;(Ec)一(A−1r・, A−1). fbr B, C=1,…, m, O andα,β,γ=1,…,〃1.Then we have
へ へ へ へ へ へ (2.4) g(C,C)=1, g(C, Ba)=0, g(Ba, Bβ)=GαβE2. where・A−A(xa, x°), and E−E(St,鋪)spch that we define (2.5) 9(瓦,瓦)−GaaE2−’1,’that is, G…t−E−2・ へ へThen{9a, C}forms a 10cal血eld of frames in U.and{Ca, iii}forms that of co− frames[4]. へ へ へ へ Now we shall calculate tB’a,£C,£ζαand£ガwith rt:spect to C. First of a11, wehave
へ へ へ べ へ へ へ へ £Ba−[C, Ba]一 CBa−BdC−AE−1・E,・Ba, by virtue of(L15). From(2.5), getti皿9 0=」ε(GααE2)=2∠4E−1E, e, we see E=E(ピ), and consequently we have£Da=O. £C=O is trivial. Similarly we have£ξα=O and£万=0. Therefbre, summing.up, we get へ へ (2.6) £瓦=0, £C=0, £ζα〒0, £ガ=0. へ £being the Lie derivative with respect to C. Since gBcEB=gBc(δeBA)=goc∠4, then we have from(1.11) (2.7) 9βcEB=Ec, 9BcEBEC=EcEC and then the inverse of the matrix(Ecα, Ec)as the fb頂(・.・) (E・a,・Ec)一』(曇γ)・
The『equation(2.8)is equivalent to the conditions (2.9) Ec”ECr = 6rα, EcαEC=0, EcEC=1, Ec」ECr=O, that is, へ へ へ へ へ へ ζ・(Br)一δ,α,ζα(C)−0,ガ(C)−1,万(&)−0, ’ 傷 or to the condition (2.10) EcαEBα十EcEB = 6cB. Using these皿otations, we w亘te(2.6)as the fbrms (2.11) £EBα=O, £EB=0, fEca=O, tEc.==O.‘ 26
K.SHIOZAKI
To any fibred space with−mva亘ant.R』emantユian血et亘c 9, there corresponds natura皿y the one with invariant athne co皿㏄tion 7[4][51 Then in our .manifold .M, fbr へ へ へ r Ba, C,(㍗andガ,。the丘’covariant derivatives」which』have◎omponentsクbEBa,7cEB, 7c石bα.and 7bE.’respec tively・are a11血1va亘ant inσ「with resp㏄t tO the infinites㎞al へtransformation detem血1ed by the structure丘eld C. From(2.10), we can write lt」iDa by the fbrm 、: (2.12) 7L」EDd=−rβra王:LβEDr十hBa五:.βE,)十〃γα、ELEDr十乃α正;L互D. Where We pUt inVa1工ant fUnCtiOnS aS Pβγα=一(VcEBa)ECβEBr=(J7cEBr)ECβEBα(2.・3) h・a=(ク・鍋ECβ理=1−(7・EB)ECβEBα
〃γα一(7cEBりEρ・EBr=,一(7cEBr)ECEBa mi(17cEBつECEB=一(7cEB)ECEBa, 伽mwhich we obta加hBa=万♂∵Then we denote them by hβα simply, in the sequeL On the other hand, we can.w亘te 7LEργ、by thβfφm .(2.14) クLEDγrr訂αELβEρα十乃βr」E三βED−々γαELEDαナみ1「LE戊),wh●We put inva卓anゆnCti・ns、・as層. ・ .一
、.9;1・)1.,、 {㍍篇鑑:蕊罐竺γ
Analogously, we have(2・16) 、π両=−h・・E・BED「−1・E・BED三砥筋
and 「‘ (2.17) ・ 17LED・・ −hB”ELβEDα+1βELβED−haELEDα一IELED, “ where we put(2・18),..・1〒(聴)ECEB〒二(7・躍IEC庇・ .
M・㎞gnsr・f l2・:D・、,w・have _ “.
. rSt・一…E.・ti+{ir}“・一TG吻R・・A−・・
(2.19) ・弓R声E・∠一・1ぽ・ナ・,and then
(2.20) . GαrE2hβロ’=hβγ or hβa・=GαrEr’2hβγ,. 乃8デ十hrβ=0. ぽ け Sillce[、Ba,ββ]−EE,αXB−EE, BXa 一 E2RβaXo, we see that the condition Ibrρ(M) ・ being integrable is Rβα=0, and then from(2r19),乃βα=0. Thus we have THEoREM 2・1・1nρur章∼1iatCd manifold M which.has isometric leaves・admitting the.Rieロ1almian metric g defhled by(1.11), G be㎞9 bund』ρHke, the condition 丘)r the dist「ib”ti°nρ(」り゜f M.t・恒・卿p1・i・母=0[1コ.〈・・h・・−0[5コ)・ As iS well known, we have Rioci formula ’‘・ へ へ へ (2・21) 」7Dl7qXL−17c7DXL=K,)CBLXB へ へ fbr any v㏄tor丘eld X haVing components XB.1 in. U, where KDcBL. denote the’com− ponents of the curvature.te血sor K of the given invariant Riemannian conn㏄tion 7FIBERING IN A FOHATED RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLD
and are de丘ned by 2. . ’.、 . ご .. KD…一{謝.。一{鋼,。+{D5}{θ一{、幻働 Then we can calculate(2.21)by making use of(2.12),(2.17)and(2.19), and江 we put(・・22) 臣1;;:;:1器1篇;:
we have丘om the五rst of(2.22) ny − K・…一({∪},、一{5}.。+{、2}{爵}一{。1.}{C})E−(・・…一晒)+・励・・ Putting へ .“ 瓦・γ〃一{∴},、一{L},。+{∴}{三}一{。r.}{6} which are c6mponents of the curvature tensor、颪.with resp㏄t to the bundle−likeme垣c G・we鰺 .・、, .’
(2・23) 、 κ、。,・一瓦。,・E・+{2h、〃一(醐。,一醐、,)}.『、、 From「this, the conditionρ、K=瓦E2 is equivalent to the condition (2.24) ’ 2hiμhr”コ(乃λγ乃万γ一hμツhir)=0, 1 ” 二 ρbemg the projection map. This is also eqUivalent to the condition (2.25) 」RλμRγε一RλεRμγ=0, by v血ue of(2.19), which implies RAμ=0』田e of Rλ垣mg sk飢v−symmetric forλandμ. Thus we have
THEoREM 2.2. For a fbUated man迂bld M with 1−dimensional distribution a(lmit− ti皿g the Riemannian metric g de6ned 1⊇y(1.11), the projectionクK of the curvature tensor、K of the Ri㎝annian metdc g◎oincides with the curvature tenson XE20f the bundle−like meUic G induced in the base spaceπ一11V of M, if and only if M has isometric leaves and the distribution(∼(M)is involutive. As fbr the second of(2.22), we have ム (2.26) KaμrO={7λ乃μγ一クbhλγ十2(乃λγ、己μ一hPtrE, A)}E」 where we put fi・・…珊…{、;}ん・一{6}・… パ ’7 beh享g the connection of the base space n−iN with respect to the bundle−like metric G. Analogously, putting」陥oo』Kl)cBLEi)).EcEBELツ, we have (2.27) Kxoe”〒hK, o∠1一乃θりりβ. In the last equatio皿(2・27),屑, o=0姪always satis丘ed, another saym9,乃ασ返basic in our fbliated manifbld. In fact, we have 瀦,・−GσεR。・,。メー1−G・・R。,A”2A.。 =GaeAE−2£900 θ(廠・蚕ε) =0, ㈲.’