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─ 幼稚園の一斉保育場面で子どもたちが創り出す「あいま」の意味

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26

質的心理学研究　第18号／2019／No.18／26–40

幼稚園の一斉保育場面で子どもたちが創り出す「あいま」の意味

─ウェンガーの「非公式の」実践共同体概念を手がかりとして

要約

本研究の目的は，保育の場においてやるべき公式の活動の最中に，子どもたちが即興的に創り出す「あいま」の 持つ意味を明らかにすることである。幼稚園

3

歳児クラスでの

1

年間の観察を行い，ウェンガーの「隙間に生じ る実践共同体」の概念を理論的枠組みとして，収集した事例を分析した。その結果，子どもたちはやるべき公式 の活動を知りつつも，その活動や環境の中で自らの関心に沿って多様なリソースに自由にアクセスしながら，そ の実践を共有することで「あいま」を創出していた。「あいま」は非公式の実践とやるべき公式の活動がつねに 相互に影響することで創り出されていた。さらに「あいま」を創り出す実践では，遊び心に満ちていた点がすべ ての事例に共通していた。保育の場において子どもたちが創り出す「あいま」について，従来はやるべき公式の 活動からはずれるゆえに「逸脱」とネガティブに捉えられていたが，本研究によって子どもたちがより生き生き とした幼稚園での生活をいとなむことにつながる意味を持つことが見出された。

キーワード

「あいま」，実践共同体，即興，幼稚園，一斉保育場面

Title

The Meaning of Subjective Practices of “Aima” as Produced by Children in a Kindergarten Setting: From the Viewpoint of Wenger’s Concept of “Informal” Communities of Practice

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify how children create “Aima” while they improvise their practices of expected formal activities in a kindergarten setting. We observed a kindergarten class of three–year–olds and recorded observation data for a year. This study was conducted based on Wenger’s theoretical framework of “communities of practice”.

This observation revealed that, while children engaged in practices of formal activities, they interacted with the activities and settings in their own improvised practices. When the children shared improvised practices, “Aima”

was produced, revealing that “Aima” is indeed a product of the interactions between expected formal activities and informal activities of children in kindergarten. All experiences in which “Aima” was seen shared the common aspect of playfulness. Formerly, when children did not meet the desired expectations of formal activities, this was seen as a negative moment for the child who failed to meet the expectations. However, when we consider the

“Aima” produced by children, it creates a more vivid experience for the children in kindergarten.

Key…words

“aima”, communities of practice, improvisation, kindergarten, situation of activities in unison

山下愛実　お茶の水女子大学大学院人間文化創成科学研究科

YAMASHITA Megumi　Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University

参照

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