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᡽╷⹏ଔߩ ߩ ߩ ߩ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦࠃࠆ ߦࠃࠆ ߦࠃࠆၮ␆ ߦࠃࠆ ၮ␆ ၮ␆ ၮ␆ߠߌ ߠߌ ߠߌ ߠߌߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ

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(1)

᡽╷⹏ଔ

᡽╷⹏ଔ ᡽╷⹏ଔ

᡽╷⹏ଔߩ ߩ ߩ ߩ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦࠃࠆ ߦࠃࠆ ߦࠃࠆၮ␆ ߦࠃࠆ ၮ␆ ၮ␆ ၮ␆ߠߌ ߠߌ ߠߌ ߠߌߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ

⍫ญ๺ብ

⍫ญ๺ብ ⍫ญ๺ብ

⍫ญ๺ብ

Building up the foundation by the Economic Policy Theory of the Policy Evaluation

YAGUCHI KAZUHIRO

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is basic analysis of the policy evaluation by the economic policy theory. In particular, we are here concerned with evaluation criteria of policy evaluation. In concluding, we point out that the knowledge of the economic policy theory is very useful for a policy evaluation.

㧝 㧝 㧝 㧝㧚 㧚 㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ 㧚 ߪߓ߼ߦ ߪߓ߼ߦ ߪߓ߼ߦ

2002

ᐕߦޟⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐߇ⴕ߁᡽╷ߩ⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞޠ㧔એᓟޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߣ⴫⸥㧕߇ᣉⴕߐ ࠇޔᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡ߽᡽╷⹏ଔ߇೙ᐲൻߐࠇߚޕߘߒߡޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺᣉⴕ㧟ᐕᓟߩ

2005

ᐕߦߪ

⷗⋥ߒ߇ⴕࠊࠇޔᣂߒ޿ޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߩታᣉߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦޠ߇ੌᛚߐࠇߚޕ᡽╷⹏ଔߪ

╙㧝Ბ㓏ߣߒߡߩቯ⌕ᦼࠍ⚳߃ޔ੹߿╙㧞Ბ㓏ߦ౉ߞߚޕ

৻ᣇޔࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߩ਎⇇ߦ߅޿ߡ߽᡽╷⹏ଔ߳ߩ㑐ᔃߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ㜞߹ࠅޔࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣ ߒߡޟ᡽╷⹏ଔޠޔޟࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻⹏ଔޠޔޟⴕ᡽⹏ଔޠߣ޿ߞߚฬ⒓ߩ⻠⟵߇ቯ⌕ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ߎࠇࠄߩ⻠⟵ߩᄙߊߪޔ᡽ᴦቇ㧔ⴕ᡽ቇࠍ฽߻㧕߿⚻ᷣቇߣ޿ߞߚᣢሽቇ໧ߩⷞὐࠍᵴ߆ߒߟ

᧲ർᢥൻቇ࿦ᄢቇಎᢎ᝼

Associate Professor of Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University.

e-mail

[email protected]

ᧄⓂߪᣣᧄ⸘↹ⴕ᡽ቇળ╙ ࿁ో࿖ᄢળ㧔ᣈ㧦㚅Ꮉᄢቇ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⊒⴫ේⓂߢ޽ࠆޟ᡽╷

⹏ଔߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏ଔၮḰߩᬌ⸛㧙⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߣߩᲧセࠍㅢߓߡ㧙ޠࠍᄢ᏷ߦୃᱜ࡮ട╩ߒߚ߽

ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ᄢળᒰᣣߪޔዊᩊᔀୃవ↢㧔᧲ർቇ㒮ᄢቇ㧕ޔᄢ቞㓉వ↢㧔ౝ㑑ᐭ㧕ޔ᮸ਅ᣿వ↢㧔ජ⪲

໡⑼ᄢቇޔ೨᧲ർᢥൻቇ࿦ᄢቇ㧕߆ࠄ᦭⋉ߥࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ޿ߚߛ޿ߚޕߎߩ႐ࠍ߆ࠅߡޔ޽ࠄ ߚ߼ߡᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍࠆޕᒰὼߩߎߣߥ߇ࠄޔᧄⓂߩ޽ࠅ߁ࠆߴ߈⺋⻪ߪోߡ╩⠪ߦᏫߔࠆ߽

ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

(2)

ߟ߽ޔ․ቯߩቇ໧ಽ㊁ߦ࿕ၫߔࠆߩߢߥߊޔ᡽╷⊛ߥⷞὐࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ⻠ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗

߁ߌࠄࠇࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ⃻ታߩ᡽╷⹏ଔ߿᡽╷⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥ߇Ⴧട࡮⫾Ⓧߒߡ޿ߌ߫ޔ᡽╷

⹏ଔߪᓥ᧪߆ࠄ޽ࠆᣢሽߩቇ໧ಽ㊁ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇໧ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕታ㓙ޔ᡽ᴦቇ߿⚻ᷣ

ቇߦߪ౏౒᡽╷⺰߿⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߣ޿ߞߚ᡽╷ࠍᔒะߔࠆᔕ↪ಽ㊁߇ሽ࿷ߒޔ᡽╷ߩ⻉⎇ⓥࠍⴕ ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺ߇⺀↢ߒߡ߆ࠄ᡽╷߇⎇ⓥߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿ޕ

ᧄⓂߪޔ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊ࠍ߽ߣߦޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߦⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⹏ଔၮḰࠍ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ

⹏ଔၮḰߣᲧセߒޔߘߩ㑐ㅪߦߟ޿ߡߩ⠨ኤࠍⴕ߁ޕߎࠇߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߣ޿߁ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ

ߥ┙႐߆ࠄޔታ㓙ߩ᡽╷⹏ଔࠍၮ␆ߠߌࠆߎߣࠍ߽⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ᡽╷⹏ଔߪ⹏ଔߣ޿߁ⷙ

▸⊛ߥ஥㕙ࠍ଻ᜬߔࠆ߇ޔߎߩὐߪ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߣหߓ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆޕ․ߦޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߢߪല₸

ᕈࠍ⹏ଔၮḰߣߒߡ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߢߪᓥ᧪߆ࠄല₸ᕈߩၮḰࠍ․ߦ㊀ⷞߒߡ߅ࠅޔ

⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩታ〣߳ߩㆡ↪ߣ޿߁஥㕙߆ࠄ߽ޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߪήⷞߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆޕߥ߅ޔᧄ

Ⓜߢ⸒෸ߔࠆ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߣߪޔ⻠ቇ਄ߩ⁜޿ᗧ๧ߢߩ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔ

ෘ↢⚻ᷣቇ߿౏౒⚻ᷣቇޔ

ߐࠄߦߪ౏౒ㆬᛯ⺰ߥߤߩ᡽╷⊛ߥ⼏⺰ߩᚑᨐࠍ߽฽ࠎߛᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ᦨᓟߦᧄⓂߩ᭴ᚑࠍ␜ߒߡ╙㧝┨ࠍ⚳߃ࠆޕ߭߈ߟߠߊ╙㧞┨ߢߪޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏

ଔၮḰࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ╙㧟┨ߪ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏ଔၮḰࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ╙㧠┨ߪᧄⓂߩਛ ᔃㇱಽߢ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߩ⹏ଔၮḰࠍ୘೎ߦᬌ⸛ߒޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߿⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦࠃࠆၮ␆

ߠߌࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆޕ╙㧡┨ߪ᡽╷ߩ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧߣ᡽╷ਥ૕ߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔၮḰߩ㆑޿ߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓߡ

޿ࠆޕߘߒߡ╙㧢┨߇߅ࠊࠅߦߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧞 㧞 㧞 㧞㧚 㧚 㧚 㧚᡽╷⹏ଔ ᡽╷⹏ଔ ᡽╷⹏ଔ ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺ ᴺ ᴺ ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ ߦ߅ߌࠆ ߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏ଔၮḰ ߦ߅ߌࠆ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ

᡽╷⹏ଔߪ⹏ଔၮḰߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡⴕߥࠊࠇࠆޕࠃߞߡޔએਅߦ␜ߔ⹏ଔၮḰߪ᡽╷⹏ଔߩታ

ᖱࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߕߪޔ⹏ଔၮḰࠍౕ૕⊛ߦ␜ߒߚ᧦ᢥࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆޕ

᡽╷⹏ଔᴺ╙㧟᧦㧝㗄ߢߪޔޟⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐ߪޔߘߩᚲ᝿ߦ߆߆ࠆ᡽╷ߦߟ޿ߡޔㆡᤨߦޔߘߩ

᡽╷ലᨐ㧔ᒰ⹥᡽╷ߦၮߠ߈ታᣉޔ߹ߚߪታᣉߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆⴕ᡽਄ߩ৻ㅪߩⴕὑ߇࿖᳃↢

ᵴ߅ࠃ߮␠ળ⚻ᷣߦ෸߷ߒޔ߹ߚߪ෸߷ߔߎߣ߇⷗ㄟ߹ࠇࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ޿߁ޕએਅหߓޕ㧕ࠍᛠី

ߒޔߎࠇࠍၮ␆ߣߒߡޔᔅⷐᕈޔല₸ᕈ෶ߪ᦭ലᕈߩⷰὐߘߩઁᒰ⹥᡽╷ߩ․ᕈߦᔕߓߡᔅⷐ ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄޔ⥄ࠄ⹏ଔߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔߘߩ⹏ଔߩ⚿ᨐࠍᒰ⹥᡽╷ߦㆡಾߦ෻ᤋߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥ޿ޠߣⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ਅ✢ㇱߪ╩⠪㧕ޕ

┙ᴺൻߦᄙᄢߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߩߪޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߩᚻᴺ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥળޠߦࠃࠆޟ᡽╷⹏ଔ೙

ᐲߩ࿷ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨ⚳ႎ๔㧔

2000

12᦬㧕ޠ㧔એᓟޔᦨ⚳ႎ๔ߣ⴫⸥㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩᦨ⚳ႎ ๔ߩᚑᨐࠍ߰߹߃ޔ⹏ଔᜂᒰ⠪ะߌߩޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㧔2001

ᐕ㧝᦬㧕ޠ

(3)

㧔એᓟޔᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣ⴫⸥㧕 ߇૞ᚑߐࠇߚޕ

ᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦߪޔ୘ޘߩ⹏ଔߩⷰ

ὐߦട߃ߡޔߘࠇࠄߩ৻⥸ၮḰ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

ᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߿ᦨ⚳ႎ๔ߦߪޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧟ߟߩⷰὐߩઁޔ᡽╷ߩᕈ

⾰ߦࠃߞߡߪޟ౏ᐔᕈޠߩⷰὐࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣޔߐࠄߦߪߎࠇࠄߩၮḰ߆ࠄߩ⹏ଔࠍ߰߹߃ߚޟఝ

వᕈޠߩⷰὐ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽ၮᧄߣߥࠆߩߪᔅⷐᕈޔല₸ᕈޔ᦭ലᕈߩ㧟ߟߩၮ Ḱߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ᡽╷ߪ᏷ᐢߊᄙጘߩಽ㊁ߦᷰࠆߚ߼ޔ౏ᐔᕈ߿ఝవᕈߩၮḰ߽ട߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ એਅߦޔᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦ␜ߐࠇߚ⹏ଔߩⷰὐߣߘࠇࠄߩ৻⥸ၮḰࠍ␜ߔ㧔࿑⴫㧝㧕ޕ

࿑⴫㧝 ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏ଔၮḰ

⹏ଔߩⷰὐ ৻⥸ၮḰ

ᔅⷐᕈ

࡮᡽╷ߩ⋡⊛߇ޔ࿖᳃߿␠ળߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦᾖࠄߒߡᅷᒰ߆ޔ਄૏

ߩ⋡⊛ߦᾖࠄߒߡᅷᒰ߆

࡮ⴕ᡽㑐ਈߩ࿷ࠅᣇ߆ࠄ⷗ߡⴕ᡽߇ᜂ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ߆

ല₸ᕈ ࡮

ᛩ౉ߐࠇߚ⾗Ḯ㊂ߦ⷗วߞߚലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߆ޔ෶ߪታ㓙ߦ ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆

ᔅⷐߥലᨐ߇ࠃࠅዋߥ޿⾗Ḯ㊂ߢᓧࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ߇ઁߦߥ޿߆

࡮ห৻ߩ⾗Ḯ㊂ߢࠃࠅᄢ߈ߥലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ߇ઁߦߥ޿߆

᦭ലᕈ ࡮᡽╷ߩታᣉߦࠃࠅޔᦼᓙߐࠇࠆലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߆ޔ

෶ߪታ㓙

ߦᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆

౏ᐔᕈ ࡮᡽╷ߩ⋡⊛ߦᾖࠄߒߡޔ᡽╷ߩലᨐߩฃ⋉߿⾌↪ߩ⽶ᜂ߇౏

ᐔߦಽ㈩ߐࠇࠆ߆ޔ෶ߪታ㓙ߦಽ㈩ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆

ఝవᕈ

࡮ઁߩ᡽╷ࠃࠅ߽ఝవ⊛ߦታᣉߔߴ߈߆

಴ᚲ㧦ޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆᮡḰ⊛ߥࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦޠ㧔ᐕ㧝᦬㧕

ᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢߪ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔએਅߦ㊀ⷐߥߎߣࠍ㧞ὐ␜ߔޕ

ᔅⷐᕈߩⷰὐߢߪⴕ᡽㑐ਈߩ࿷ࠅᣇ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߩᚻᴺ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥળޠ

ߩᆔຬߢᦨ⚳ႎ๔ߦ߽㑐ࠊߞߚጊ⼱ᷡᔒ᳁ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔᔅⷐᕈߩၮḰߪޟⴕ᡽㑐ਈߩ࿷ࠅᣇߦ㑐 ߔࠆၮḰ㧔ᐕ᦬ᣣⴕ᡽ᡷ㕟ᆔຬળ᳿ቯޔหᣣ㑑⼏᳿ቯ㧕ޠ߇ෳ⠨ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿

߁㧔ጊ⼱㧔㧕㧦㨜㧕ޕߎߩၮḰߢߪޔᰴߩ㧢ߟߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆߣ߈ߦޔⴕ᡽㑐ਈ߇ ᱜᒰൻߐࠇࠆޕߘࠇߪޔԘ౏౒⽷⊛ᕈᩰࠍᜬߟ⽷࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ႐วޔԙᄖㇱᕈ߇ሽ࿷

ߔࠆ႐ว㧔Ꮢ႐ขᒁ߇ሽ࿷ߖߕଔᩰઃߌ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿㧕ޔԚᏒ႐ߩਇቢోᕈ㧔ᖱႎߩ஍࿷ߦࠃࠆ

Ꮢ႐ߩᄬᢌ㧕ޔԛᏒ႐ෳട⠪߇ᄢ߈ߥ⁛භജࠍᜬߟ႐วޔԜ⥄ὼ㧔࿾ၞ㧕⁛භ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ႐วޔ ԝ౏ᐔߩ⏕଻߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ႐วޔߩ㧢ߟߩ႐วߢ޽ࠆޕ

(4)

ല₸ᕈߪޔᣣᏱ⊛ߦߪ⢻₸ߣ߆⚻ᷣ⊛㧔޿ࠊࠁࠆޔࠛࠦࡁࡒ࡯㧕ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ว޿ߦߣࠄࠇࠆ ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿߇ޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߢ޿߁ല₸ᕈߪߘࠇߣ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ

1

ޕ

࿑⴫㧝ߩ৻⥸ၮḰߦ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ

᡽╷⹏ଔߩല₸ᕈߣߪޔᛩ౉ߐࠇߚ⾗Ḯ㊂ߦ⷗วߞߚലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߆ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩὐߦߟ޿

ߡᦨ⚳ႎ๔ߢߪޔޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅ߌࠆޟല₸ᕈޠߪޔ᡽╷ߩ⾌↪ߣലᨐߣߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄߣࠄ߃ߚ

᡽╷ߘߩ߽ߩߩല₸ޔߔߥࠊߜ␠ળో૕ߩ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽ߆ࠄߺߚല₸ᕈߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޠߣ

᣿⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ਅ✢ㇱߪ╩⠪㧕ޕߟ߹ࠅޔല₸ᕈߣߪ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ᕈߩߎߣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿

ࠆޕ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ᕈߎߘޔᰴ┨ߢ⺰ߓࠆ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⹏ଔၮḰߩਛᔃ㗄⋡ߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧟 㧟 㧟 㧟㧚 㧚 㧚⚻ᷣ᡽╷ 㧚 ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ ⺰ ⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆ ⺰ ߦ߅ߌࠆ ߦ߅ߌࠆ ߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ

⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏ଔၮḰߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ߩ⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠆߣߎࠈߩ᡽╷⋡ᮡߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇

޽ࠆޕߥߗߥࠄޔ᡽╷⋡ᮡߪⷙ▸⊛ߦᦸ߹ߒ޿ᆫࠍᗐቯߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘߎߦ⹏ଔၮḰ߇ౝ൮ߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߛޕ

৻⥸ߦޔ᡽╷⋡ᮡߪޔㆡಾߥ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ޔቢో㓹↪ߩታ⃻ޔ‛ଔߩ቟ቯޔᦨૐ㒢ߩ↢ᵴߩ⏕଻

ߣ޿ߞߚߎߣ߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠆޕߘߒߡޔߎࠇࠄߩ⋡ᮡߪޔԘ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ൻޔԙᚲᓧಽ㈩ߩ౏

ᐔൻޔԚ⚻ᷣᄌേߩ቟ቯൻߣ޿߁㧟ߟߩ᡽╷⋡⊛ߦ㓸⚂ߐࠇࠆ2

ޕ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߪ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ൻ ߦ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߥߗߥࠄޔᏗዋߥ⾗Ḯࠍല₸⊛ߦ↪޿ߡߎߘޔ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳߇ታ⃻ߐࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ

޽ࠆޕߎߩ㧟ߟߩ᡽╷⋡⊛ߩㅊ᳞߇⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ┙႐ߢ޽ࠆߩߢޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦ߅ߌ ࠆ⹏ଔၮḰߪޔല₸ᕈޔ౏ᐔᕈޔ቟ቯᕈߩ㧟ߟߣߥࠆޕ

਄⸥ߩ㧟ߟߩ⹏ଔၮḰߪޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ

A.C.ࡇࠣ࡯ߩޡෘ↢⚻ᷣቇޢ

Welfare Economics㧕એ᧪ߢ޽ࠅޔߎߩᢥ₂ߪ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩฎౖߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪޔ⚻

ᷣቇߩ⋡⊛ࠍᐘ⑔ߩ␠ળ⊛ኻᔕ‛ߣߒߡߩ⑔␩㧩ෘ↢㧔Welfare㧕ߩㅊ᳞ߦ᳞߼ޔෘ↢ࠍ⽻ᐊ

⊛ߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠄࠇࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߢޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ෘ↢ߣ㕖⚻ᷣ⊛ෘ↢ߣߦࠊߌߚޕߘߒߡޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ෘ↢

ࠍ࿖᳃ಽ㈩ಽ㧔޿ࠊࠁࠆ࿖᳃ᚲᓧ㧕ߣᝒ߃ޔԘߘߩᄢ߈ߐߩჇട㧔ല₸㧕ޔԙߘߩಽ㈩ߩᐔ╬

㧔౏ᐔ㧕ޔԚߘߩᄌേߩ቟ቯ㧔቟ቯ㧕ࠍ⚻ᷣቇߩ⋡ᮡߦߔ߃ߚޕߎࠇࠄߪࡇࠣ࡯ߩޟ⚻ᷣ⊛ෘ

↢ߩ㧟๮㗴ޠߣ๭߫ࠇࠆޕ

৻ᣇޔ౏ᐔߣ޿߁ၮḰߪଔ୯್ᢿࠍᄙಽߦ฽߻߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⹏ଔၮḰߣߒ ߡߪ㚔ᨴ߹ߕޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ቞஻▸࿐ᄖߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߇޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔࡇࠣ࡯ߣหߓࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ

ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ

L.

ࡠࡆࡦ࠭ࠄߦࠃࠆࡇࠣ࡯߳ߩᛕ್ߢ޽ࠅޔ

ࡇࠣ࡯ߦઍࠊࠆᣂෘ↢⚻ᷣቇߩ

1

ޟળ⸘ᬌᩏޠ߿ޟ᡽╷⹏ଔࠍ㒰ߊⴕ᡽⹏ଔ࡮⋙ⷞޠߢߪല₸ᕈࠍ᡽╷ㆇ༡ߩ⢻₸ᕈߣ޿߁ᗧ

๧ߢᝒ߃ߡ޿ࠆޕ

Ԙߩ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ൻࠍ᡽╷⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ᡽╷ߪࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ޔԙߩᚲᓧಽ㈩ߩ౏ᐔൻࠍ᡽

╷⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ᡽╷ߪᚲᓧౣಽ㈩᡽╷ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆޕ߹ߚޔԚߩ⚻ᷣᄌേߩ቟ቯൻࠍ᡽╷⋡ᮡߣߔ ࠆ᡽╷ߪࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ޔߥ޿ߒߪ⚻ᷣ቟ቯൻ᡽╷ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆޕ

⹦ߒߊߪޔጤ↰࡮㘵↰

㧔㧕

߿ᄢ᧛㧔㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿ޕ

(5)

┙႐ߢ޽ࠆ

3

ޕߐࠄߦߪޔ⚻ᷣᄌേߩ቟ቯൻߣ޿߁᡽╷⋡⊛ߪޔ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߣߣ߽ߦ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩേ

ቇ⊛ߥ஥㕙ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡޔ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ൻߦ฽߹ࠇࠆߣ޿߁ಽ㘃ቇ⊛ߥᜰ៰߽޽ࠆޕ ߎࠇࠄߩᜰ៰ࠍቢోߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦᱷࠆ᡽╷⋡⊛ߪ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ൻߦ

㓸⚂ߐࠇࠆߩߢޔല₸ᕈߛߌ߇⹏ଔၮḰߣߒߡ↢߈ᱷࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ޔߎࠇࠄߩᜰ៰ࠍቢోߦฃ

ߌ౉ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߥߊߡ߽ޔ⚻ᷣቇߢߪല₸ᕈߣ޿߁⹏ଔၮḰ߇ޔଔ୯ਛ┙⊛ߢቴⷰ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߣ

޿߁ℂ↱ߦࠃߞߡ․ߦ㊀ⷐⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߚߛޔല₸ᕈߣ޿ߞߡ߽ᤨ㑆⊛ߥⷞ㊁߿ኻ⽎ߩ⒳㘃 ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡߘߩᗧ๧ߔࠆߣߎࠈߦߪ㆑޿߇޽ࠆޕߘߩὐߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ࠆߩ߇ޔએਅ ߩ࿑⴫㧞ߢ޽ࠆޕ

࿑⴫㧞 ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆല₸᭎ᔨ

ᤨ㑆

⒳㘃 㕒ቇ⊛ല₸ േቇ⊛ല₸

⾗Ḯ㈩ಽല₸

ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ ᦨㆡᚑ㐳₸

ᛛⴚ㧔⚵❱㧕ല₸ ࡑࠢࡠ⊛஥㕙㧦⾗Ḯ೑↪

ࡒࠢࡠ⊛஥㕙㧦↢↥ല₸

㨄ല₸

ᛛⴚㅴᱠ

಴ᚲ㧦ᄢ᧛㧔㧕㨜

ߩ⴫㧞㧙㧝

ᤨ㑆⊛ߥⷞ㊁ߣߒߡߪޔ৻ᤨὐߛߌߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆ㕒ቇߣᤨ㑆ߩᄌൻߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆേቇߩ㆑޿߇޽

ࠆޕኻ⽎ߩ⒳㘃ߦߪޔ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽല₸ߣᛛⴚ㧔⚵❱㧕ല₸ߩ㆑޿߇޽ࠆޕ

⚻ᷣቇ⁛․ߩ⠨߃ᣇࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔߩ߇ޔ㕒ቇ⊛ߢ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽല₸ߩࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߢ޽ࠆޕࡄ࡟࡯

࠻ല₸ߪ⚻ᷣㄉౖߦࠃࠇ߫ޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕޟ޽ࠆ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߦߟ޿ߡޔ޽ࠆ୘ੱ

߇ߘࠇࠃࠅ᦭೑ߥ㈩ಽߦߥࠆߣ߈ߪޔᔅߕ߶߆ߩ⺕߆߇ਇ೑ߦߥࠆߥࠄ߫ޔరߩ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽࠍࡄ

࡟࡯࠻㧔ߩᗧ๧ߢ㧕ല₸⊛ߣ޿߁ޠ㧔᦭᢫㑑 ⚻ᷣㄉౖ╙㧠 㧕ޕ೎ߥ⸒޿ᣇߢߪޔޟઁߩ⺕

߆ߩ⁁ᘒࠍᖡൻߐߖࠆߎߣήߒߦߪޔ⺕ߩ⁁ᘒ߽ᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩ⁁ᘒޠߢ

޽ࠆ㧔ᄢ᧛㧔

2008

㧕㨜

37

㧕ޕ⋥ᗵ⊛ߦ⸒߃߫ޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߣߪ⾗Ḯࠍ޽߹ߔߎߣߥߊ᦭ലߦ

೑↪ߒߡࡓ࠳߇ߥ޿⁁ᘒߩߎߣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߩ⁁ᘒߪ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ࠍ↪޿ߡ޽ࠄࠊߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᦨೋߦⶄᢙߩ⽷࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ

ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ৻⥸ဋⴧಽᨆߢ޽ࠄࠊߒޔᓟߦ◲ଢߥᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆㇱಽဋⴧಽᨆߢ޽ࠄࠊߔޕ

3 ࡇࠣ࡯ߩ㧟๮㗴ޔ․ߦᐔ╬๮㗴ߪ୘ੱ㑆ߩല↪ߩᲧセน⢻ᕈࠍ೨ឭߣߒޔଔ୯್ᢿߩ਄ߦᚑ

┙ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᛕ್ߐࠇߚޕ

(6)

㧨 㧨 㧨

㧨৻⥸ဋⴧ ৻⥸ဋⴧ ৻⥸ဋⴧ ৻⥸ဋⴧ㧪 㧪 㧪 㧪

೨ឭߣߒߡޔ

ᶖ⾌⠪ߩᢙࠍ㧞ੱ

㧔୘ੱ㧭ߣ୘ੱ㧮㧕ޔ

ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩᢙࠍ㧞㧔⽷㨄ߣ⽷㨅㧕ޔ

↢↥ⷐ⚛ߩᢙࠍ㧞㧔↢↥ⷐ⚛㧷ߣ↢↥ⷐ⚛㧸㧕ߣߔࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩ⸥ภࠍ↪޿ߡޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸

ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔߣޔߘࠇߪએਅߩ㧔㧝㧕ߩࠃ߁ߦ޽ࠄࠊߐࠇࠆޕ

㧹㧾㧿㨄㨅㧩 㧹㧾㨀㨄㨅

࡮࡮࡮㧔㧝㧕

Ꮐㄝߪ⽷㨄ߣ⽷㨅ߩ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸㧔marginal rate of substitution

㧕ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒޔ

ฝㄝߪ⽷㨄ߣ

⽷㨅ߩ㒢⇇ᄌᒻ₸㧔marginal rate of transformation

㧕ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇࠄ߇╬ߒ޿ߎ ߣ߇ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߩ᧦ઙߣߥࠆޕ⽷㨄ߣ⽷㨅ߩ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸ߣߪޔല↪߇৻ቯߩ⁁ᴫߩ߽ߣߢޔ

⽷㨄ࠍㅊട⊛ߦ㧝න૏ᶖ⾌ߔࠆߥࠄ߫޽߈ࠄ߼ߡ߽ࠃ޿⽷㨅ߩ㊂ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔ⽷㨄ߢ޽ࠄࠊ

ߒߚ⽷㨅ߩਥⷰ⊛ߥଔ୯ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕ৻ᣇޔ⽷㨄ߣ⽷㨅ߩ㒢⇇ᄌᒻ₸ߣߪޔ↢↥ⷐ⚛߇

৻ቯߩ⁁ᴫߩ߽ߣߢޔ⽷㨄ࠍㅊട⊛ߦ㧝න૏↢↥ߔࠆߥࠄ߫޽߈ࠄ߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿⽷㨅ߩ

㊂ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔ⽷㨄ߢ޽ࠄࠊߒߚ⽷㨅ߩ↢↥⾌↪ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕߘߒߡޔ਄⸥ߩ㧔㧝㧕

߇ᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߪޔએਅߩല↪ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߢ߽޽ࠄࠊߐࠇࠆ㧔࿑⴫㧟㧕ޕ

࿑⴫㧟 ല↪ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ

㧮ߩല↪

࡮ ࡮㧯

࡮㧰

㧭ߩല↪

ߎߩ࿑ߩᮮゲߪ୘ੱ㧭ߩല↪ߢ޽ࠅޔ❑ゲߪ୘ੱ㧮ߩല↪ߢ޽ࠆޕේὐߦኻߒߡಳߩᦛ✢߇ ല↪ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ㧔ല↪น⢻ᕈᦛ✢㧕ߢ޽ࠅޔ

ਔ⠪߇੨ฃߢ߈ࠆല↪ߩ㒢ᐲࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

੹ޔല↪ࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ਄ߦޔὐ㧮ޔὐ㧯ޔὐ㧰ߩ㧟ὐࠍߣࠆޕ

࿑ࠍߺߡࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔὐ㧮

㧔ὐ

㧰㧕ߪ୘ੱ㧮㧔୘ੱ㧭㧕ߦᲧセ⊛᦭೑ߥ㈩ಽࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎߎߢޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߩၮḰߦᾖ

ࠄߒวࠊߖࠆߣޔὐ㧮ޔὐ㧯ޔὐ㧰ߪߤࠇ߽ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߩ⁁ᘒࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕߥߗߥࠄޔ ὐ㧮㧔ὐ㧰㧕߆ࠄὐ㧯ߦ⒖േߔࠆߎߣߪޔ୘ੱ㧭㧔୘ੱ㧮㧕ߩല↪ߪჇടߔࠆ߇ޔ୘ੱ㧮㧔୘

ੱ㧭㧕ߩല↪ߪᷫዋߔࠆߩߢޔవߦ␜ߒߚࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߩቯ⟵ߦวߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇ

(7)

ߪޔല₸ᕈߩၮḰߢߪὐ㧮ޔὐ㧯ޔὐ㧰ߩ߁ߜޔ␠ળߦߣߞߡߤࠇ߇৻⇟ࠃ޿㈩ಽ߆ࠍ್ᢿߢ ߈ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߩၮḰ߆ࠄ್ᢿߢ߈ࠆ໑৻ߩߎߣߪޔὐ㧭߆ࠄὐ㧯ߦ㈩ಽ߇⒖ࠆߎߣߪᦸ߹ߒ

ߊ㧔ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ᡷༀ㧕ޔ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽ߇ല₸⊛ߦߥࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕὐ㧭߆ࠄὐ㧮㧔ὐ㧰㧕ߦ㈩ ಽ߇⒖ࠆߎߣߪޔ୘ੱ㧭㧔୘ੱ㧮㧕ߩല↪ࠍਅߍࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߩߢޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ߩၮḰ߆ࠄ ߪฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߥ޿߆ࠄߛޕ

㧨 㧨 㧨 㧨ㇱಽဋⴧ ㇱಽဋⴧ ㇱಽဋⴧ ㇱಽဋⴧ㧪 㧪 㧪 㧪

ᰴߦޔ޽ࠆ㧝ߟߩ⽷࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦኻ⽎ࠍ⛉ߞߚㇱಽဋⴧಽᨆߢ⠨߃ࠆޕߎߎߢ␜ߔߩߪ૛೾

ಽᨆߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߢߪᄙ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔᓟㅀߔࠆ߇ޔ

૛೾ಽᨆߪታ㓙ߩ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅޿ߡ߽ᄙ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩಽᨆᣇᴺߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല

₸ᕈߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ޽ࠄࠊߐࠇࠆ㧔࿑⴫㧠㧕ޕ

࿑⴫㧠 Ꮢ႐ဋⴧ࿑

ଔᩰ

㧭 ଏ⛎ᦛ✢

㧮 㔛ⷐᦛ✢

ᢙ㊂

࿑⴫㧠ߪ޽ࠆ․ቯߩ⽷࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩᏒ႐ဋⴧ࿑ߢ޽ࠅޔE

ߪᏒ႐ဋⴧޔ㧼

ߪᏒ႐ଔᩰޔ㨄

ߪขᒁ㊂ࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔޕߎߎߢޔ

ٌ㧭㧱㧼

ߩ㕙Ⓧࠍᶖ⾌⠪૛೾ޔ

ٌ㧮㧱㧼

ߩ㕙Ⓧࠍ↢↥⠪૛೾ޔ ߘࠇࠄߩว⸘ߢ޽ࠆٌ㧭㧱㧮ߩ㕙Ⓧࠍ␠ળ⊛✚૛೾ߣ๭߱ޕᶖ⾌⠪૛೾ߣߪޔ◲ẖߦ⸒߃߫ޔ

ᶖ⾌⠪ߩଢ⋉㧔㧩ല↪㧕ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔ↢↥⠪૛೾ߣߪ↢↥⠪ߩଢ⋉㧔㧩೑⋉㧕ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߘߒߡޔ␠ળ⊛✚૛೾ߪ␠ળో૕ߩଢ⋉ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ␠ળ⊛✚૛೾߇ᦨᄢߦߥࠆߎߣߪޔ␠

ળో૕ߩଢ⋉߇ᦨᄢߦߥࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄޔ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽ߇ᦨ߽ല₸⊛ߦߥࠆߎߣߣห⟵ߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎߩ૛೾ಽᨆ߆ࠄߩࠗࡦࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߪޔޟ␠ળ⊛✚૛೾ࠍᦨᄢߦߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ᡽╷ࠍㆬᛯߔ ࠆߴ߈ޠߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߥ߅ޔ࿑⴫㧞ߦ޽ࠆᛛⴚ㧔⚵❱㧕ല₸ߣߪޔ⾗Ḯ೑↪߿↢↥ല₸ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔᛩ౉⾗

Ḯߣ޿߁ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣޔᓧࠄࠇߚᚑᨐߣ޿߁ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߩᲧࠍߺߡ޿ࠆޕ㨄ല₸ߣߪޔ1960

(8)

ᐕઍߦ࡜ࠗࡌࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦ߇ᜰ៰ߒߚડᬺౝㇱ⚵❱ߩ㕖ല₸㧔޿ࠊࠁࠆޔߚࠆߺ߿✭ߺ㧕ߢ޽

ࠆޕേቇ⊛ല₸ߪޔ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽല₸ߢ߽ᛛⴚ㧔⚵❱㧕ല₸ߢߺߡ߽ޔ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߣ޿߁․ቯߩ࠹࡯

ࡑߦߩߺ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧠 㧠 㧠

㧠㧚 㧚 㧚᡽╷⹏ଔ 㧚 ᡽╷⹏ଔ ᡽╷⹏ଔ ᡽╷⹏ଔߣ ߣ ߣ ߣ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ ߩ ߩ ߩ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰߩ ⹏ଔၮḰ ߩ ߩ ߩᲧセ Ყセ Ყセߣ Ყセ ߣ ߣ ߣᬌ⸛ ᬌ⸛ ᬌ⸛ ᬌ⸛

ᧄ┨ߢߪޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߩ⹏ଔၮḰࠍ୘೎ߦߣࠅ޽ߍޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⹏ଔၮḰߣߩᲧセࠍⴕߥ

޿ߟߟޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰߆ࠄߩၮ␆ߠߌࠍߎߎࠈߺࠆޕ

㧠 㧠 㧠

㧠㧙 㧙 㧙 㧙㧝 㧝 㧝㧚 㧝 㧚 㧚 㧚ᔅⷐᕈ ᔅⷐᕈ ᔅⷐᕈ ᔅⷐᕈ

╙㧟┨ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߦ߅ߌࠆᔅⷐᕈߩᩮ᜚ߪޔޟⴕ᡽㑐ਈߩ࿷ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ ၮḰޠ߇ෳ⠨ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕౣឝߔࠆߣޔߎߩၮḰߢߪᰴߩ㧢ߟߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆߣ߈ߦⴕ

᡽㑐ਈ߇ᱜᒰൻߐࠇࠆޕߘࠇߪޔԘ౏౒⽷⊛ᕈᩰࠍᜬߟ⽷࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ႐วޔԙᄖㇱ ᕈ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐ว㧔Ꮢ႐ขᒁ߇ሽ࿷ߖߕଔᩰઃߌ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿㧕ޔԚᏒ႐ߩਇቢోᕈ㧔ᖱႎߩ஍

࿷ߦࠃࠆᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌ㧕ޔԛᏒ႐ෳട⠪߇ᄢ߈ߥ⁛භജࠍᜬߟ႐วޔԜ⥄ὼ㧔࿾ၞ㧕⁛භ߇⷗ࠄ ࠇࠆ႐วޔԝ౏ᐔߩ⏕଻߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ႐วޔߩ㧢ߟߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎࠇࠄ㧢ߟߩၮḰߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߢ޿߁ޟᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌޠߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩࡈ

࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢߦߪᄢᄌ㚔ᨴߺ߿ߔ޿ޕޟᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌޠߣߪޔ᳃㑆ㇱ㐷ߦછߖࠇ߫⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല

₸ൻ߇㆐ᚑߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߔޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ᡽ᐭ㧔౏౒ㇱ㐷㧕߇⊓႐ߒߡ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸

ൻࠍ⋡ᜰߐߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔ᡽ᐭ߇ᔅߕߒ߽੐ᘒࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿ޕ߻ߒࠈ ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪ੐ᘒࠍᖡൻߐߖߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠆޕߎߩߎߣࠍޟᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌޠߦߥߙࠄ߃ߡ ޟ᡽ᐭߩᄬᢌޠߣ޿߁߇ޔ౏౒⚻ᷣቇ߿౏౒ㆬᛯ⺰㧔᡽ᴦߩ⚻ᷣቇ㧕ߢߪߎߩ⃻⽎ࠍ․ߦ㊀ⷞ ߒߡ߈ߚޕߎߎߦޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⍮⷗߇᡽╷⹏ଔࠍၮ␆ߠߌࠆᩰᅢߩ੐଀ࠍ⷗಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆޕ

ޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߩᚻᴺ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥળޠߩᆔຬߢᦨ⚳ႎ๔ߦ߽㑐ࠊߞߚ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߩᅏ㊁ᱜኡ᳁

ߪޔ᡽╷ᚻᲑߩㆬᛯߦ޽ߚߞߡޔޟ૗ࠄ߆ߩޟᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌޠ߇޽ࠅᓧࠆᏒ႐ේℂߩᵴ↪ࠍ೨ឭ ߣߒޔน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ᡽╷ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ޟჇޠߣଢ⋉ޟჇޠߩᲧセ⹏ଔࠍⴕ޿ޔή↪ߥᣉ╷ࠍឃ㒰ߒ ߡ޿ߎ߁ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩ㓙ޔᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ㧔ᵴേኻ⽎߇ᜬߟ⑳⊛ᖱႎߩሽ࿷㧕ࠁ߃ ߦଢ⋉߇ㆊᄢ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߿ޔㅒߦޔ⾌↪߇ㆊዋ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߆ࠄޔ޿ࠊ߫ޟ᡽ᐭߩ

ᄬᢌޠߣߢ߽޿߁ߴ߈⃻⽎߇↢ߕࠆน⢻ᕈߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޠ㧔ⴕ᡽▤ℂ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯✬

㧔㧕㧦λࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

J.ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷㧔㧕ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ᡽ᐭߩᄬᢌޔߟ߹ࠅ౏౒ㇱ㐷߇᳃㑆ㇱ㐷ࠃࠅ߽㕖ല₸

ߦߥࠆℂ↱ߣߒߡߪޔ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⋧㆑ߣ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⋧㆑߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ޕ⚵❱࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ

⋧㆑ߣߒߡߪޔ࠰ࡈ࠻ߥ੍▚೙⚂ޔ᡽ᴦ⊛೑ኂ㑐ଥߩᜬߟᓎഀޔ┹੎߇ߥ޿ߎߣޔㅊട⊛ߥ೙

⚂ࠍ޽ߍޔ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⋧㆑ߪߣߒߡߪޔ㓹↪ᒻᘒߦࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉㇱಽࠍ⚵ߺㄟ߼ߥ޿ߎ

(9)

ߣޔቭ௥⊛⋡⊛ㅊ᳞ߥߤߩࡊ࡝ࡦࠪࡄ࡞࡮ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻໧㗴ࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆޕએਅߦޔቭ௥⊛⋡

⊛ㅊ෸ߩ໧㗴ࠍޔߘߩේౖߢ޽ࠆޟ࠾ࠬࠞࡀࡦࡕ࠺࡞ޠࠍ↪޿ߡ޽ࠄࠊߔޕ

W.࠾ࠬࠞࡀࡦߪޔቭ௥ߪ⥄Ꮖߩ⚵❱ߩ᜛ᄢࠍ⋡⊛ߦߔࠆߣߒޔߘࠇߪ੍▚ߩᦨᄢൻߣห⟵ߢ

޽ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚޕߟ߹ࠅޔቭ௥ߪ࿖᳃ߩ೑⋉ࠍᦨᄢߦߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ੍▚ߩᦨᄢൻࠍⴕ߁ਥ

૕ߢ޽ࠆߣ૏⟎ߠߌߚޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥⴕേේℂߩ߽ߣޔએਅߩ઒ቯࠍ߅޿ߚޕԘቭ௥ߪ౏౒⽷

㧔ࠨ

࡯ࡆࠬ㧕ߩ⁛භ⊛ଏ⛎⠪ߢ޽ࠆޕԙቭ௥ߪ౏౒⽷ଏ⛎ߩᱜߒ޿⾌↪ߩᖱႎࠍ⁛භߒߡ޿ࠆޕԚ ቭ௥ߪ੍▚᩺ࠍ␜ߒߡޔ⼏ળߦᛚ⻌ߔࠆ߆ߒߥ޿߆ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ࠍㄼࠆߎߣ߇ޔ೙ᐲ⊛ߦ⹺߼ࠄ

ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩ㧟ߟߩ઒ቯߪޔ޽߹ࠅߦ߽ቭ௥ߩജ߇ᒝߊޔ⃻ታߦߪ޽ࠅ߃ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᛕ್߽

޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔᅏ㊁ᱜኡ᳁ߩᜰ៰ߦ߽޽ࠆᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߣ޿߁⁁ᴫࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠇ߫ޔ޽ߥ߇ߜ

޽ࠅ߃ߥ޿ߎߣߢߪߥ޿ޕ࠾ࠬࠞࡀࡦࡕ࠺࡞ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ޽ࠄࠊߐࠇࠆ㧔࿑⴫㧡㧕

ޕ

࿑⴫㧡 ࠾ࠬࠞࡀࡦࡕ࠺࡞

㧯 ଢ⋉࡮⾌↪

㧱 㧯

㧻 㧮 㧭 ੍▚ⷙᮨ㧔౏౒⽷ߩ㊂㧕

ᮮゲߪቭ௥ߩ੍▚ⷙᮨߢ޽ࠅޔ౏౒⽷ߩଏ⛎㊂ߦᲧ଀ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ❑ゲߪ౏౒⽷ߩଢ⋉ߣ⾌↪

ߢ޽ࠆޕ

㨂ߪ౏౒⽷߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆଢ⋉ߩ⹏ଔᦛ✢ߢ㧯ߪ౏౒⽷ଏ⛎ߩ⾌↪ᦛ✢ߢ޽ࠆ

ޕߘߒߡޔ

4

ߎߎߢߪޔ੗ၳ࡮࿯ዬ㧔1998㧕ߩ㨜69㨪㨜70 ߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿑ࠍ↪޿ࠆޕ

5

౏౒⽷ߩ㊂ࠍ㧽ߣ߅ߌ߫ޔ㨂ߢ޽ࠄࠊࠇߚଢ⋉ߩ⹏ଔᦛ✢ߪ㨂’㧔㧽㧕

㧪㧜ޔ㨂’’

㧔㧽㧕㧨㧜ࠍ

ḩߚߔࠃ߁ߦឬ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ౏౒⽷ߩ㊂߇Ⴧടߒߚߣ߈ߩ㒢⇇ଢ⋉ߪࡊ࡜ࠬߢޔߘࠇ

ߪㅛᷫߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕ৻ᣇޔ㧯ߢ޽ࠄࠊߐࠇߚ౏౒⽷ଏ⛎ߩ⾌↪ᦛ✢ߪ㧯

㧔㧽㧕㧪㧜ޔ㧯

’’

㧔㧽㧕㧪㧜ࠍḩߚߔࠃ߁ߦឬ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪ౏౒⽷ߩଏ⛎㊂߇Ⴧടߒߚ ߣ߈ߩ㒢⇇⾌↪ߪࡊ࡜ࠬߢޔߘࠇߪㅛჇߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

(10)

ߘࠇߙࠇߩ౏౒⽷ߩ᳓Ḱߢଢ⋉߆ࠄ⾌↪ࠍᏅߒᒁ޿ߡᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚐ଢ⋉ࠍ޽ࠄߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߇ޔጊ

ဳߩᦛ✢ߢ޽ࠆޕ⚐ଢ⋉ߪ㧱ߢᦨᄢߦߥࠅޔߘߩᤨߩ੍▚ⷙᮨ㧔౏౒⽷ߩ㊂㧕ߪ㧻㧮ߣߥࠆޕ

ߎߩ᳓Ḱ߇⾗Ḯ㈩ಽࠍല₸⊛ߦߔࠆ౏౒⽷ߩ᳓Ḱߢ޽ࠅޔ␠ળ⊛ߦ߽ᦸ߹ߒ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔ੍▚

ᦨᄢൻࠍߪ߆ࠆቭ௥ߪ౏౒⽷ߩ㊂ࠍ㧻㧭߹ߢჇ߿ߔޕߥߗߥࠄޔ౏౒⽷ଏ⛎ߩᱜߒ޿⾌↪ߪቭ

௥߇⁛භߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߛޕߟ߹ࠅޔቭ௥ߪ⾌↪ᦛ✢ࠍ㧯ߢߪߥߊ㧯

ߩࠃ߁ߦૐߊனࠅޔ޽ߚ ߆߽ጊဳߩὐ✢ߢ␜ߒߚ⚐ଢ⋉ࠍᦨᄢൻߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ߖ߆ߌࠆߎߣ߇ޔቭ௥ߦߣߞߡߪᦨ ㆡߦߥࠆ߆ࠄߛ

6

ޕ

ߎࠇߪޔᅏ㊁ᱜኡ᳁߇ᜰ៰ߒߚᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ߩㆊዊ⹏ଔߢ޽ࠅޔ᡽ᐭ߇ޟᏒ႐ ߩᄬᢌޠࠍ⸃᳿ߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎߎ߆ࠄޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅޿ߡޔᔅⷐᕈ߇⹺߼

ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄߣ޿ߞߡ᡽ᐭߩ㑐ਈࠍᒝ߼ࠇ߫ޔ߆߃ߞߡല₸ᕈࠍ៊ߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߐ߃߽⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߢ⸒߁ޟല₸ᕈߣ౏ᐔᕈߩ࠻࡟࡯࠼ࠝࡈޠߣߩࠕ࠽ࡠࠫ࡯ߦ଀߃ࠇ߫ޔ ޟᔅⷐᕈߣല₸ᕈߩ࠻࡟࡯࠼ࠝࡈޠߣ߽⸒߃ࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ⃻⽎ߪታ㓙ߩ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅޿

ߡ⃻ታߦ⿠ߎࠅ߁ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁㊀ⷐߥ໧㗴ߣ޿߃ࠆޕ 㧠

㧠 㧠

㧠㧙 㧙 㧙 㧙㧞 㧞 㧞㧚 㧞 㧚 㧚 㧚ല₸ᕈ ല₸ᕈ ല₸ᕈ ല₸ᕈ

೨ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅ߌࠆല₸ᕈߪ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല₸ᕈࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰

ߢ⋡⊛ߣߐࠇࠆല₸ᕈߣห⟵ߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅ߌࠆല₸ᕈߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ

⼏⺰ࠍߘߩ߹߹ㆡ↪ߢ߈ޔ߆ߟ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰߆ࠄߩ⍮⷗ࠍᵴ߆ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ

ߐࠄߦޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺ╙㧟᧦㧞㗄ߢߪޔታ㓙ߩ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ᡽╷ലᨐࠍߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅቯ㊂

⊛ߦᛠីߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩὐߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔቯ㊂⊛ߥ⼏⺰ߦఝ൓ᕈࠍ߽ߟ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰

ߩ⍮⷗ࠍᵴ߆ߔߎߣߪචಽน⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ታ㓙ߩ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅޿ߡޔ᡽╷ലᨐࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦᛠីߔࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡᄙߊ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆಽᨆ

ᚻᴺߪ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߢ޽ࠆ7

ޕ

⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍ◲නߦ⺑᣿ߔࠇ߫ޔ޽ࠆ᡽╷ߩଢ⋉ߣ⾌↪ࠍ▚಴

ߒޔଢ⋉⾌↪Ყ㧔ଢ⋉

/⾌↪㧕߇㧝ࠍ਄࿁ࠆ߆ޔ⚐ଢ⋉㧔ଢ⋉㧙⾌↪㧕߇㧜ࠍ਄࿁ࠇ߫ߘߩ᡽╷

ߪታⴕߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߣ್ᢿߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕଢ⋉ࠍ▚಴ߔࠆၮ␆ߦߥࠆߩߪޔᶖ⾌⠪૛೾ߩ᭎ᔨ ߢ޽ࠆޕ᡽╷ߦࠃߞߡᶖ⾌⠪૛೾߇Ⴧടߒߚߥࠄ߫ޔߘߩჇടಽ߇᡽╷ߦࠃࠆଢ⋉ߦߥࠆޕ ৻ᣇޔ᡽ᐭ߇ⴕ߁᡽╷ߦߪଢ⋉߇⽻ᐊ឵▚ߢ߈ߥ޿႐ว߇ᄙ޿ޕ଀ߣߒߡߪޔⅣႺᡷༀ╷ߦ ࠃߞߡ↥ߺ಴ߐࠇߚࠕࡔ࠾࠹ࠖߩଢ⋉╬ߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ⽻ᐊߦࠃࠆขᒁ߇ਇน⢻ߥ㕖Ꮢ႐⽷

ߢ޽ࠅޔߎߩ႐วߩଢ⋉ࠍ▚಴ߔࠆᚻᴺߣߒߡߪޔ࠻࡜ࡌ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻ᴺޔ

ࡋ࠼࠾࠶ࠢࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ޔ 㧯㨂㧹㧔઒ᗐᏒ႐⹏ଔᴺ㧕╬߇޽ࠆ8

ޕߎࠇࠄߩᚻᴺߩℂ⺰⊛ၮ␆߽૛೾ಽᨆߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

6

㑐⷏࿖㓙ⓨ᷼ߩᑪ⸳ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ౏౒ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪߇ㆊዋߦ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠄࠇࠆߎ ߣ߇ᐲޘ޽ࠆޕߘߩේ࿃ߩ߭ߣߟߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥቭ௥ⴕേ߇޽ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍุቯߢ߈ߥ޿ޕ

7

ታ㓙ߦ᡽╷⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ⋭ᐡߪޔ᡽╷ኻ⽎ߦࠃߞߡ⁛⥄ߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ࠍ૞

ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆޕᣥㆇャ⋭߇૞ᚑߒߚޟ㋕㆏ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪ኻലᨐಽᨆࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞99

ޠࠍ↪޿

ߡޔ㧶㧾᧲ᣣᧄ઄ጊ✢ߩⶄ✢ൻߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ߽ߩߦ᢯⬿㧔

2003

㧕߇޽ࠆޕ

8

ߎࠇࠄߩಽᨆᚻᴺߪ㕍ጊઁ㧔

2003

㧕߿દᄙᵄ✬㧔

2009

㧕߇⹦ߒ޿ޕ

(11)

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ᡽╷⹏ଔߢߪޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߚ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ߥᚻᴺߦࠃߞߡല₸ᕈߩ⹏

ଔ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆޕߘߩ㓙ߦߪ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ౝ൮ߒߡ޿ࠆଔ୯ၮḰޔ․ߦ౏ᐔߩၮḰߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇

㊀ⷐߦߥࠆޕߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߪޔએਅߩ઒ᗐ଀ࠍ␜ߔ

9

ޕ

଀㧕޽ࠆᏒߢߪਛᔃㇱ߳ߩㅢൕኻ╷ߣߒߡޔ㧞ߟߩ᩺߇޽߇ߞߡ޿ࠆޕ㧝ߟߪᐙ✢㆏〝ߩ᜛

ᒛߢ޽ࠅޔ߽߁㧝ߟߪ౏౒ࡃࠬߩჇଢ߳ߩ⵬ഥߢ޽ࠆޕߎߎߦޔઍ⴫⊛ߥ㧞ੱ߇޿ࠆޕ ᄥ㇢ߪㅢൕߦゞࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߩߢ㆏〝ߩ᜛ᒛߪ߁ࠇߒ޿߇ޔ౏౒ࡃࠬߩჇଢߪ㆏〝ᷙ㔀ࠍ ᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߩߢ߁ࠇߒߊߪߥ޿ޕ৻ᣇޔ⧎ሶߪㅢൕߦࡃࠬࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߩߢ౏౒ࡃࠬߩჇ ଢߪ߁ࠇߒ޿߇ޔኅ߇ᐙ✢㆏〝ߦㄭ޿ߚ߼ߦ㆏〝ߩ᜛ᒛߪ㛍㖸ߣߥࠆߩߢ߁ࠇߒߊߥ޿

ߣߔࠆޕߎߩ႐วߩ㧞ੱߩ⚐ଢ⋉ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣ઒ቯߔࠆޕ

⚐ଢ⋉ߩᄌൻ

⚐ଢ⋉ߩೋᦼ୯

ᐙ✢㆏〝ߩ᜛ᒛ

౏౒ࡃࠬߩჇଢ⵬ഥ

ᄥ㇢ 㧜 250

140

⧎ሶ 㧜

120 330

⚐ଢ⋉ߩว⸘ 㧜 130 190

਄⸥ߩࠤ࡯ࠬߪ߆ߥࠅන⚐ൻߒߚࠤ࡯ࠬߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ੐ᘒߩᧄ⾰ࠍߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩ႐วޔߤ

ߜࠄߩ᡽╷᩺ࠍណ↪ߔߴ߈ߛࠈ߁߆ޔ߽ߒߊߪኻ╷⥄૕ࠍᱛ߼ࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕ

⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߢߪޔ⚐ଢ⋉ߩว⸘߇ᄢ߈޿౏౒ࡃࠬߩჇଢ⵬ഥࠍߔߴ߈ߣ޿߁⚿⺰ߦߥࠆޕ

ߥߗߥࠄޔ౏౒ࡃࠬߩჇଢߦࠃߞߡᓧࠍߔࠆ⧎ሶ߇៊ࠍߔࠆᄥ㇢ߦ⵬ഥࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ

ਔ⠪ߣ߽ೋᦼ୯㧔㧜㧕ࠃࠅ㜞޿⚐ଢ⋉ࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ଀߃߫ޔ⧎ሶ߇230

ࠍᄥ㇢ߦᡰ

ᛄ߁ߥࠄ߫ޔ⧎ሶߩ⚐ଢ⋉ߪ100㧔= 330㧙230㧕ޔᄥ㇢ߩ⚐ଢ⋉ߪ90㧔=

㧙140㧗230㧕ߦߥ ࠆߩߢޔਔ⠪ߩ⚐ଢ⋉ߪೋᦼ୯㧔㧜㧕ࠃࠅ߽Ⴧടߔࠆ߆ࠄߛޕߎࠇߪޔ⚐ଢ⋉ߩჇടߪ޿ࠊ߫

ࡄࠗߩჇടߢ޽ࠅޔਔ⠪ߢߘࠇࠍಽߌࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡએ೨ࠃࠅ߽㜞޿⚐ଢ⋉߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦ ኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ10

ޕ

ߎࠇߪ⚻ᷣቇߢ޿߁ߣߎࠈߩ⵬ఘේℂߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆޕ⵬ఘේℂߣߪታ㓙ߩ⵬ఘ߇ⴕࠊࠇߥ ߊߣ߽઒⺑⊛ߦᒰ੐⠪ห჻ߩ⵬ఘࠍᗐቯߒޔᒰ੐⠪ห჻ߩ⚐ଢ⋉߇Ⴧടߔࠇ߫ߘߩ᡽╷ࠍታᣉ ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߩ್ᢿၮḰߢ޽ࠆޕ઒⺑⊛ߥ⵬ఘࠍ᡽╷ߩታᣉ೨ߦⴕ߁߆ޔߘࠇߣ߽ታᣉᓟߦ ⴕ߁߆ߦࠃߞߡޟࠞ࡞࠼ࠕၮḰޠߣޟࡅ࠶ࠢࠬၮḰޠ߇޽ࠆ

11

ޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦࠃࠆ᡽╷ታᣉߩ್ቯߦߪ⵬ఘේℂ߇೨ឭߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߎࠇ ߪ㧞ߟߩᄢ߈ߥᗧ๧ࠍ߽ߟޕ߭ߣߟߪࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ၮḰࠃࠅ߽᡽╷ߩታലᕈ߇㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ

9

ߎߩ઒ᗐ଀ߪ

E.ࠬ࠻࡯ࠠ࡯࡮R.࠯࠶ࠢࡂ࠙ࠩ࡯㧔1998㧕ߩ╙㧥┨ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

10 ࡄࠗߩ଀߃ߢ⸒߃߫ޔᐙ✢㆏〝ߩ᜛ᒛߩ႐วߪ౏౒ࡃࠬߣᲧセߒߡࡄࠗߩჇടಽ߇ዋߥ޿ޕ

11 ⵬ఘේℂߩ⹦⚦ߪA.ࡈࠚ࡞࠼ࡑࡦ࡮R.࠮࡜࡯ࡁ㧔㧕ߩ╙㧥┨ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿ޕ

(12)

ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ╙㧠┨ߩ࿑⴫㧟ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ၮḰߥࠄ߫ޔὐ㧭߆ࠄὐ㧯ߦ㈩ಽ߇⒖ࠆ ߎߣߪᦸ߹ߒ޿߇ޔὐ㧭߆ࠄὐ㧮߿ὐ㧰ߦ㈩ಽ߇⒖ࠆߎߣߪฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒ⵬

ఘේℂߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ୘ੱ㧭ߣ୘ੱ㧮ߣߩ㑆ߦ઒⺑⊛ߥ⵬ఘࠍᣉߖ߫ޔὐ㧮߿ὐ㧰ߢ޽ߞߡ߽ὐ㧯

ߦ㈩ಽ߇⒖ࠆߎߣߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ޔὐ㧭߆ࠄὐ㧮߿ὐ㧰ߦ㈩ಽ߇⒖ࠆߎߣߪᤚ⹺ߐࠇࠆ߆ࠄ ߛޕߛߣߔࠆߣޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߪ౏ᐔᕈߦ޽߹ࠅߦ߽㈩ᘦߒߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ᛕ್߇಴

ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕ

ߒ߆ߒޔߎߩℂ↱ࠍ߽ߞߡ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍᱛ߼ࠆℂ↱ߦߪߥࠄߥ޿ޕ᡽╷ߦኻߔࠆࠬ࠲ࡦࠬ

߇㊀ⷐߥߩߢ޽ࠅޔ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽ಽᨆᚻᴺߪਛ┙⊛ߛ߆ࠄߛޕߎߩὐߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔએਅߩ⸒⪲߇

㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆޕޟല₸ᕈၮḰ߇ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㑆ߢߩㆬᛯࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦޔౣಽ㈩਄ߩℂ↱

ߦࠃߞߡ〯ߺߦߓࠄࠇࠆ႐วߢߐ߃ޔଢ⋉࡮⾌↪ಽᨆߪޔㆬᛯߩᧄ⾰ࠍᶋ߈ᓂࠅߦߒޔ߹ߚ౏

ᱜࠍផߒㅴ߼ࠆߚ߼ߦࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇ᡰᛄ߁‶†ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆޠ㧔E.ࠬ࠻࡯ࠠ࡯࡮R.࠯࠶ࠢࡂ࠙

ࠩ࡯㧔1998

㧕㧦㨜

167

߽߁߭ߣߟߪޔ᡽╷ߩታലᕈߩⵣ߆߃ߒߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ઒ᗐ଀ߢ߽␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ᡽╷ߩታⴕߦ ࠃߞߡല₸ᕈߪჇߔ߇ޔ౏ᐔᕈ߇ᄬࠊࠇࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ⃻⽎߇ޟല₸ᕈߣ౏ᐔᕈߩ࠻࡟࡯

࠼ࠝࡈޠߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢߪ᡽╷⹏ଔߩၮḰߦ౏ᐔᕈࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆޕ౏ᐔᕈߪ ߘࠇ⥄り߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔല₸ᕈ߳ߩㆊᐲߩ௑ୟࠍ㒐ߋᓎഀࠍ߽ᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧠 㧠 㧠

㧠㧙 㧙 㧙 㧙㧟 㧟 㧟㧚 㧟 㧚 㧚 㧚ߘߩ ߘߩ ߘߩઁ ߘߩ ઁ ઁ ઁߩ ߩ ߩ⹏ଔၮḰ ߩ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ

એ਄ޔᔅⷐᕈߣല₸ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓߡ߈ߚ߇ޔߘߩઁߩ⹏ଔၮḰߦߟ޿ߡ߽⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⹏

ଔၮḰߣߩᲧセࠍⴕߥ޿ߟߟޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰߆ࠄߩၮ␆ߠߌࠍߎߎࠈߺࠆޕ 㧨 㧨

㧨 㧨᦭ലᕈ ᦭ലᕈ ᦭ലᕈ ᦭ലᕈ㧪 㧪 㧪 㧪

᦭ലᕈߩၮḰߣߪޟ᡽╷ߩታᣉߦࠃࠅޔᦼᓙߐࠇࠆലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߆ޔ෶ߪታ㓙ߦᓧࠄࠇࠆ ߆ޠߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑⴫㧝ෳᾖ㧕ޕߎࠇߪޔ

੐೨ߩ᡽╷⹏ଔߣ੐ᓟߩ᡽╷⹏ଔߦߟ޿ߡߩၮḰߢ޽ࠅޔ

᡽╷⹏ଔ․᦭ߩ߽ߩߢ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩၮḰߦߪߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔߎߎߢ߽⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⍮⷗ߪᵴ߆ ߐࠇࠆޕߥߗߥࠄޔቯ㊂⊛ߥ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁㒢ࠅߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⍮⷗ߪᵴ߆ߐࠇࠆ߆ࠄ ߛޕߐࠄߦ᦭ലᕈߩ⹏ଔߦᒰߚߞߡߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ㧞ߟߩቯℂ߇㊀ⷐߛߣᕁࠊࠇ ࠆޕߘࠇߪޔޟ࠹ࠖࡦࡃ࡯ࠥࡦߩቯℂޠߣޟࡑࡦ࠺࡞ߩቯℂޠߢ޽ࠆޕ

ޟ࠹ࠖࡦࡃ࡯ࠥࡦߩቯℂޠߣߪޔޟⶄᢙߩ᡽╷⋡ᮡࠍหᤨߦ㆐ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ႐วޔ⁛┙ߥ

᡽╷ᚻᲑߩᢙ߇⁛┙ߥ᡽╷⋡ᮡߩᢙߦ╬ߒߊߥࠄߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޠߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔޟࡑ ࡦ࠺࡞ߩቯℂޠߣߪޟฦ᡽╷ᚻᲑߪޔߘࠇ߇ᦨ߽ലᨐߩ޽ࠆ᡽╷⋡⊛ߦഀࠅᒰߡࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޠ ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢޔࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯ࡒ࠶ࠢࠬߣ߽๭߫ࠇࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩቯℂߪਥߦࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ࠍኻ⽎ߣ ߒߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔၮᧄℂᔨߣߒߡߪ᡽╷ో⥸ߦㅢߓࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ

12

ޕ

12

ᄢ᧛㧔

2008

㧕ߩ╙

11┨ߢߪޔࡑࡦ࠺࡞ߩቯℂࠍࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

(13)

㧨 㧨 㧨

㧨౏ᐔᕈ ౏ᐔᕈ ౏ᐔᕈ ౏ᐔᕈ㧪 㧪 㧪 㧪

౏ᐔᕈߩၮḰߣߪޟ᡽╷ߩ⋡⊛ߦᾖࠄߒߡޔ᡽╷ߩലᨐߩฃ⋉߿⾌↪ߩ⽶ᜂ߇౏ᐔߦಽ㈩ߐ ࠇࠆ߆ޔ

෶ߪታ㓙ߦಽ㈩ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ޠߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑⴫㧝ෳᾖ㧕ޕ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߦ߅޿ߡ౏ᐔᕈߪޔ

᡽╷ߩ․ᕈߦᔕߓߡᔅⷐߥⷰὐߣ޿߁ߊߊࠅߢᛒࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔታ㓙ߩ᡽╷ߢ౏ᐔᕈࠍήⷞߔ ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ޕߘࠇߪޔ೨ㅀߒߚല₸ᕈ߳ߩㆊᐲߥ௑ୟ߳ߩᛥ೙ߩ߶߆ߦ߽ޔ౏ᐔᕈߘࠇ

⥄り߇ଔ୯ࠍ߽ߟߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߒޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅޿ߡ߽⠨ᘦߒߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߆ࠄߛޕߘߩ ᗧ๧ߢ᡽╷⹏ଔߪޔ౏ᐔᕈߩၮḰࠍ⹺߼ߥ޿ᣂෘ↢⚻ᷣቇߣߪଔ୯ⷰ߇⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߚߛޔฎߊࠃࠅ౏ᐔߩቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡߪଔ୯್ᢿࠍᄙಽߦ฽߻ߎߣ߆ࠄ⛔৻⊛ߥ⷗⸃ߪߥ޿ޕ ߘߩߚ߼߆ޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߩᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢ߽౏ᐔߪฃ⋉ߣ⾌↪⽶ᜂߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᔕ

⋉⽶ᜂߣᔕ⢻⽶ᜂߩߤߜࠄߦ߽㈩ᘦߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦߺ߃ࠆޕߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡ߽⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⍮

⷗ߪᵴ߆ߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ․ߦޔᚲᓧಽ㈩ℂ⺰߿ౣಽ㈩᡽╷⺰ߩㆡ↪߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆޕߘߩ߭ߣߟ ߣߒߡޔ᳓ᐔ⊛౏ᐔߣု⋥⊛౏ᐔߩⷞὐࠍ޽ߍࠆ

ޕ

㧨 㧨 㧨

㧨ఝవᕈ ఝవᕈ ఝవᕈ ఝవᕈ㧪 㧪 㧪 㧪

ఝవᕈߩၮḰߣߪޟઁߩ᡽╷ࠃࠅ߽ఝవ⊛ߦታᣉߔߴ߈߆ޠߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑⴫㧝ෳᾖ㧕ޕߎߩၮ

Ḱߪ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩၮḰߦߪߥߊޔ᡽╷⹏ଔ⁛⥄ߩၮḰߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔఝవߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߪ࿖ኅ⊛

ߣ߆ޔ޽ࠆ⒳․೎ߥߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ߽ߣࠇࠆޕߘߩಽޔߎߩၮḰߪᄙಽߦଔ୯ⷰߦᏀฝߐࠇࠆߚ

߼ޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⍮⷗ߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥᵴ↪ߪ㔍ߒ޿ߣ⸒ࠊߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿ޕߚߛޔఝవߣ޿߁⹏ଔၮ Ḱ߇․೎ߥ࿾૏ࠍභ߼ޔߎࠇએᄖߩ⹏ଔၮḰ߇ߥ޿߇ߒࠈߦߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߪᵈᗧࠍߪࠄ߁ߴ߈ ߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧡 㧡 㧡

㧡㧚 㧚 㧚 㧚᡽╷ ᡽╷ ᡽╷ߩ ᡽╷ ߩ ߩቯ⟵ ߩ ቯ⟵ ቯ⟵ ቯ⟵ߣ ߣ ߣ᡽╷ਥ૕ ߣ ᡽╷ਥ૕ ᡽╷ਥ૕ ᡽╷ਥ૕

ᧄ┨ߢߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⼏⺰ߦઃ㓐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߣߒߡޔ᡽╷ߩቯ⟵ߣ᡽╷ਥ૕ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔ ၮḰߩᛒ޿ߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓࠆޕߎߎߢߣࠅ޽ߍࠆౝኈߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߢߪߎࠇ߹ߢ޽߹ࠅᗧ⼂ߐ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ࠅޔ᡽╷⹏ଔ߆ࠄߩ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰߳ߩၮ␆ߠߌߣ߽޿߃ࠆޕ

㧡 㧡 㧡

㧡㧙 㧙 㧙 㧙㧝 㧝 㧝㧚 㧝 㧚 㧚 㧚᡽╷ ᡽╷ ᡽╷ߩ ᡽╷ ߩ ߩ ߩቯ⟵ ቯ⟵ ቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡ ቯ⟵ ߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ ߦߟ޿ߡ

᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߩᗧ⟵ߪ᡽╷ࠍᆎ߼ߡቯ⟵ߠߌߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺ╙㧞᧦㧞㗄ߢߪޔ᡽╷

ࠍޟⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐߇ޔߘߩછോ෶ߪᚲ᝿੐ോߩ▸࿐ౝߦ߅޿ߡޔ৻ቯߩⴕ᡽⋡⊛ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ

ડ↹෸߮┙᩺ࠍߔࠆⴕ᡽਄ߩ৻ㅪߩⴕὑߦߟ޿ߡߩᣇ㊎ޔᣇ╷ߘߩઁߎࠇࠄߦ㘃ߔࠆ߽ߩޠߣ

ቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆޕ

13

ߎࠇࠄߩℂ⺰ߪਣየ㧔㧕߇⹦ߒ޿ޕ

(14)

ᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ᡽╷ࠍޔԘ࿖ߩⴕ᡽⺖㗴ߦኻᔕߔࠆߚ߼ߩ․ቯߩ⋡⊛߿⋡

ᮡࠍᜬߜޔԙߎࠇࠄࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᲑߣߒߡޔ੍▚ޔੱຬ╬ߩⴕ᡽⾗Ḯ߇⚵ߺวࠊߐࠇߚ

ⴕ᡽ᵴേ㧔᩺ߩᲑ㓏ߩ߽ߩ߽฽߻㧕߇⋡⊛ߦᾖࠄߒߡ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩ߹ߣ߹ࠅߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔԚⴕ

᡽ᵴേߩታᣉࠍㅢߓߡޔ৻ቯߩലᨐࠍ࿖᳃↢ᵴ߿␠ળ⚻ᷣߦ෸߷ߔ߽ߩޔߣᝒ߃ߡ޿ࠆ

ޕߐ ࠄߦᮡḰ⊛ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢߪޔ᡽╷ࠍ⁜⟵ߩᗧ๧ߢߩ᡽╷ޔᣉ╷ޔ੐ോ੐ᬺߦ඙ಽߒߡ᣿⏕ߦ ߒߚޕߎࠇࠄߩ↪⺆ߪᓥ᧪߆ࠄ૶↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇ޔⶄ㔀ߢ޽޿߹޿ߐ߇ᱷߞߡ޿ߚޕߎࠇߦࠃ ߞߡ᡽╷ߩ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧ߇᣿⏕ߦߥߞߚ㧔࿑⴫㧢㧕ޕ

࿑⴫㧢 ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕࡮ᣉ╷࡮੐ോ੐ᬺ

᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕㧦2QNKE[ ․ቯߩⴕ᡽⺖㗴ߦኻᔕߔࠆߚ߼ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᣇ㊎ߩታ⃻ࠍ⋡

⊛ߣߔࠆⴕ᡽ᵴേߩᄢ߈ߥ߹ߣ߹ࠅޕ

ᣉ╷㧦2TQITCO ਄⸥ߩޟၮᧄ⊛ߥᣇ㊎ޠߦၮߠߊౕ૕⊛ߥᣇ㊎ߩታ⃻ࠍ⋡⊛

ߣߔࠆⴕ᡽ᵴേߩ߹ߣ߹ࠅߢ޽ࠅޔޟ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕ޠࠍታ⃻

ߔࠆߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᣇ╷߿ኻ╷ߣߣࠄ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩޕ

੐ോ੐ᬺ㧦2TQLGEV

਄⸥ߩޟౕ૕⊛ߥᣇ╷߿ኻ╷ޠࠍౕ⃻ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩ୘ޘߩⴕ

᡽ᚻᲑߣߒߡߩ੐ോ෸߮੐ᬺߢ޽ࠅޔⴕ᡽ᵴേߩၮᧄ⊛ߥන

૏ߣߥࠆ߽ߩޕ

಴ᚲ㧦ޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆᮡḰ⊛ߥࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦޠ㧔ᐕ㧝᦬㧕

㓏ጀ᭴ㅧߣߒߡߪޔ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕߇਄૏᭎ᔨߢ߆ߟ᛽⽎⊛ߥ߽ߩߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇޔ੐ോ੐ᬺ

߇ਅ૏᭎ᔨߢ߆ߟ୘೎࡮ౕ૕⊛ߥ߽ߩߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆޕ

ጊ⼱㧔1997㧕ߦࠃࠆౕ૕଀ࠍ␜ߔߣޔ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕ࠍޟ⦟ᅢߥ૑ⅣႺߩᢛ஻ޠߣߒߚ႐วޔ

ᣉ╷ߪ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆޟ㑐ㅪ౏౒ᣉ⸳ߩᢛ஻ޠ߿ޟ૑ⅣႺߩᡷༀޠߣ ߥࠆޕߘߒߡޔ

੐ോ੐ᬺߪᣉ╷ࠍታᣉߔࠆߴߊⴕࠊࠇࠆޟ૑ቛቛ࿾㑐ㅪ౏౒ᣉ⸳ᢛ஻ଦㅴ੐ᬺޠ

߿ޟ૑ቛ࿾඙ᡷ⦟੐ᬺޠߣߥࠆ㧔ጊ⼱㧔

1997

㧕㧦㨜

12

㧕ޕ

㧡 㧡 㧡

㧡㧙 㧙 㧙 㧙㧞 㧞 㧞㧚 㧞 㧚 㧚 㧚᡽╷ਥ૕ ᡽╷ਥ૕ ᡽╷ਥ૕ߦࠃࠆ ᡽╷ਥ૕ ߦࠃࠆ ߦࠃࠆ ߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰ ⹏ଔၮḰߩ ⹏ଔၮḰ ߩ ߩ ߩ㆑ ㆑ ㆑޿ ㆑ ޿ ޿ ޿

೨▵ߢߺߚ᡽╷ߩ㓏ጀߪޔ᡽╷ਥ૕߇ਥߦᛒ߁᡽╷ߣ㑐ଥߔࠆޕ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߦࠃࠅ᡽╷⹏ଔ ࠍⴕ߁ਥ૕ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔౝ㑑ᐭ߿ฦ⋭ߣ޿ߞߚ࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩਥ૕ߢ޽ࠆޕߒ ߆ߒޔ࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ࿖ߣห᭽ߦ᡽╷⹏ଔ߿ⴕ᡽⹏ଔ㧔࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕ߢߪߎߩ๭߮

ฬ߇ᄙ޿㧕ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ߇ᢙᄙߊሽ࿷ߔࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔⴕ᡽⹏ଔࠍ฽ࠎߛ᡽╷⹏ଔߪޔ

14 ฦⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐ߩੱ੐߿ળ⸘╬ޔ⚵❱૕ߣߒߡᔅⷐߥ⚻Ᏹ⊛ߥ▤ℂ੐ോߪ᡽╷ߦ฽߹ࠇߥ޿ޕ

(15)

੹ߢߪ࿖ޔㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵ޔᏒ↸᧛ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ㊀ጀ⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ

ޕߎߩߎߣߣ᡽╷ߩ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧ ࠍᾖࠄߒวࠊߖࠇ߫ޔ࿖࡟ࡌ࡞߇ታᣉߔࠆߩߪ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕ޔㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵࡟ࡌ࡞߇ታᣉߔࠆߩߪ ᣉ╷ޔᏒ↸᧛࡟ࡌ࡞ߢታᣉߔࠆߩߪ੐ോ੐ᬺߣᄢ߹߆ߦ඙ಽߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕታ㓙ޔߎߩ඙

ಽߪ⃻ታߩⴕ᡽ߣߘ߁ᄢ߈ߥ㆑޿ߪߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ᡽╷ਥ૕ߦࠃߞߡᛒ߁᡽╷ߩ⒳㘃߇⇣ߥࠇ߫ޔߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ㊀߈ࠍ⟎ߊ⹏ଔၮ Ḱ߽⇣ߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߩ߇ᔅὼߢ޽ࠆޕ৻⇟૑᳃ߦㄭ޿Ꮢ↸᧛ߢߪޔਥߦ੐ോ੐ᬺࠍᛒ߁ߚ߼ޔ ല₸ᕈ߿᦭ലᕈߩၮḰߦ㊀߈߇߅߆ࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߎߩߎߣߪ࿾ᣇಽᮭߩ⿰ᣦߦ߽ว߁ߒޔ૑

᳃߳ߩࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߣ޿ߞߚⷞὐߢ߽㊀߈ࠍ߅߆ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ৻ᣇޔ ਥߦ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕ࠍᛒ߁࿖ߢߪޔല₸ᕈ߿᦭ലᕈߩߺߥࠄߕޔᔅⷐᕈ߿౏ᐔᕈߣ޿ߞߚၮḰߦ

߽චಽ㈩ᘦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕታ㓙ޔ⑔␩⊛ߥౣಽ㈩᡽╷ߪዊߐߥᏒ↸᧛࡟ࡌ࡞ߢⴕ߁ࠃࠅ߽ޔ

࿖ߣ޿ߞߚන૏ߢⴕ߁ᣇ߇วℂ⊛ߥ႐ว߇޽ࠆ߆ࠄߛޕ

એ਄ޔᧄ┨ߢߺߡ߈ߚߎߣߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߢߪᓥ᧪߆ࠄ޽߹ࠅขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ߥ޿࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽

ࠆޕ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰߇ᥧ㤩⊛ߦᗐቯߒߚߩߪ᡽╷㧔⁜⟵㧕߿ᣉ╷ߢ޽ࠅޔ᡽╷ਥ૕ߪ࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ㒢 ቯߒߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ߻ࠈࠎ࿾ᣇ⽷᡽⺰ߩಽ㊁ߢߪޔᏒ↸᧛࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ੐ോ੐ᬺߦ߽ὶὐ ࠍ޽ߡߡ߈ߚ߇ޔ᡽╷㓏ጀ߿⹏ଔၮḰߩ㆑޿ࠍⶄว⊛ߦߪᛒߞߡߎߥ߆ߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ ߘߩᗧ๧ߦ߅޿ߡ᡽╷⹏ଔߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩታ〣ᕈߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

㧢 㧢 㧢

㧢㧚 㧚 㧚 㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ ߅ࠊࠅߦ ߅ࠊࠅߦ ߅ࠊࠅߦ

ᧄⓂߪޔ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߩ⹏ଔၮḰߣ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩߘࠇߣߦ⌕⋡ߒޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߩ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰⊛ߥ ၮ␆ߠߌࠍⴕߞߚޕߥ߆ߢ߽ޔᔅⷐᕈߣല₸ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߩ⍮⷗ࠍ߰߹߃ߡ㊀ὐ

⊛ߦ⺰ߓߡ߈ߚޕ᡽╷⹏ଔᴺߢߪޔ᡽╷ߩലᨐࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦᛠីߔࠆߎߣ߇ⷐ⺧ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߘ ߩߚ߼ޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ╬ߩቯ㊂⊛ߥಽᨆᚻᴺ߳ߩᦼᓙߪ߹ߔ߹ߔᄢ߈ߊߥࠅޔߘࠇ߇⚻ᷣ᡽╷

⺰ࠍ฽߻⚻ᷣቇ߳ߩᦼᓙߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆޕߘߩ㓙ߦߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢ⿠߈ߚ㧼㧼㧮㧿㧔

Planning

Programming Budgeting System

㧕ߩᄬᢌߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇޽ߞߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ޕ

੹ᓟޔ᡽╷⹏ଔߩ⫾Ⓧߪㅴߺޔ᡽╷⹏ଔ⥄૕߳ߩ㑐ᔃߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ㜞߹ߞߡࠁߊߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߘ ߩ㓙ߦߪޔ᡽╷ࠍ⋥ធኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߪ᡽╷⹏ଔߦᄙᄢߥ⽸₂߇ߢ߈ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߒޔ

⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰஥ߢ߽᡽╷⹏ଔࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚዷ㐿ࠍⴕࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕᧄⓂߪߘߩ৻ㇱࠍᗧ࿑ߒ ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

15

ർᶏ㆏߿ችၔ⋵ߥߤߩ৻ㇱߩ࿾ᣇ౏౒࿅૕ߪ⁛⥄ߩ᧦଀ࠍ೙ቯߒޔ࿖ߣหᤨߦ᡽╷⹏ଔ߿ⴕ ᡽⹏ଔࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔਃ㊀⋵ߩࠃ߁ߦ࿖ߦవ߇ߌߡታᣉߒߚߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠆޕ

(16)

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂

㧔⧷ᢥ㧕

Niskanen,W.A.,.Jr.

㧔1971㧕

Bureaucracy and Representative Government,Aldine-Atherton

Mueller,D,C.

2003

㧕Public Choice

ΥΥΥΥ, Cambridge University Press.

㧔㇌ᢥ㧕

A.M.ࡈࠚ࡞࠼ࡑࡦ࡮R

㧚࠮࡜࡯ࡁ㧔㧕㨇㘵ፉᄢ㇌࡮Ꮉፉᐽ↵࡮⑔૑ᄙ৻⸶㨉ޡෘ↢⚻ᷣ

ቇߣ␠ળ⊛ㆬᛯ⺰ ╙㧞 ޢࠪ࡯ࠛ࡯ࡇ࡯಴ 

࡮㕍ጊศ㓉࡮ਛᎹᄢ࡮᧻ਛ੫ᴦ㧔㧕ޡㇺᏒࠕࡔ࠾࠹ࠖߩ⚻ᷣቇޢቇ⧓಴ ␠

࡮દᄙᵄ⦟㓶✬⪺㧔㧕ޡߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ᡽╷⹏ଔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޢਛᄩ⚻ᷣ␠

࡮દᄙᵄ⦟㓶✬⪺㧔㧕ޡ౏౒᡽╷ߩߚ߼ߩ᡽╷⹏ଔᚻᴺޢਛᄩ⚻ᷣ␠

࡮੗ၳ೑ብ࡮࿯ዬਂ㇢㧔㧕ޡᣣᧄ᡽ᴦߩ⚻ᷣಽᨆޢᧁ㐇␠

࡮ጤ↰ⷙਭ↵࡮㘵↰ᵏਯ㧔㧕ޡ࠯ࡒ࠽࡯࡞⚻ᷣ᡽╷౉㐷ޢᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞␠

࡮਄ጊା৻㧔㧕ޡᣣᧄߩⴕ᡽⹏ଔ㧙✚᜝ߣዷᦸ㧙ޢ╙৻ᴺⷙ

࡮ቝ⾐స਽㧔㧕ޡ᡽╷⹏ଔߩᴺ೙ᐲޢ᦭᢫㑑

࡮ᄢ᧛㆐ᒎ㧔㧕ޡ⚻ᷣ᡽╷㧙ࡒࠢࡠߣࡑࠢࡠߩၮ␆ℂ⺰㧙ޢᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ಴ ળ

࡮ⴕ᡽▤ℂ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯✬㧔㧕ޡ᡽╷⹏ଔࠟࠗ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢޢ߉ࠂ߁ߖ޿

࡮૒ޘᧁ᥍ᄦ㧔

2002

㧕ޟ᡽╷࡮ⴕ᡽⹏ଔߩᣇᴺߣᗧ⟵ޠ✚ว᡽╷⺰㓸㧔᧲ർᢥൻቇ࿦ᄢቇ✚ว

᡽╷ቇㇱ♿ⷐ㧕╙㧞Ꮞ╙㧝ภޔ㨜

67-74

࡮J.E.ࠬ࠹ࠖࠣ࡝࠶࠷㨇⮳ਅผᦶ⸶㨉㧔㧕ޡ౏౒⚻ᷣቇ㧔╙㧞 㧕਄ޢ᧲ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠

࡮E.ࠬ࠻࡯ࠠ࡯࡮R.࠯࠶ࠢࡂ࠙ࠩ࡯㨇૒⮮㓉ਃ࡮ട⮮ኡ⋙⸶㨉㧔㧕ޡ᡽╷ಽᨆ౉㐷ޢ㗪⨲

ᦠᚱ

࡮᢯⬿⒤⸠㧔㧕ޟ㧶㧾઄ጊ✢ߩⶄ✢ൻߦߟ޿ߡ㨪ⶄ✢ൻߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ㨪ޠ᧲ർᢥൻቇ࿦

ᄢቇ✚ว᡽╷ቇㇱ⍫ญ⎇ⓥળ╙৻ᦼ↢තᬺ⎇ⓥ㓸

࡮ਣየ⋥⟤㧔㧕ޡ౉㐷⚻ᷣ᡽╷㧔ᡷ⸓ 㧕ޢਛᄩ⚻ᷣ␠

࡮⍫ญ๺ብ㧔㧕ޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߩ⹏ଔၮḰߦߟ޿ߡߩ⧯ᐓߩᬌ⸛―⚻ᷣ᡽╷ߣߩᲧセ―ޠޔ

✚ว᡽╷⺰㓸㧔᧲ർᢥൻቇ࿦ᄢቇ✚ว᡽╷ቇㇱ♿ⷐ㧕╙㧟Ꮞ╙㧝ภޔ㨜209㧙216

࡮⍫ญ๺ብ㧔㧕ޟ᡽╷⹏ଔߦ߅ߌࠆ⹏ଔၮḰߩᬌ⸛㧙⚻ᷣ᡽╷⺰ߣߩᲧセࠍㅢߓߡ㧙ޠޔ ᣣᧄ⸘↹ⴕ᡽ቇળ╙

32

࿁ో࿖ᄢળޡੱญᷫዋߣ౒↢␠ળޢ⎇ⓥႎ๔ⷐᣦ㓸ޔ㨜

299

302

࡮ጊ↰ᄥ㐷㧔㧕ޡ౏౒⚻ᷣቇޢᣣ⚻ᢥᐶ

࡮ጊ⼱ᷡ㧔㧕ޡ᡽╷⹏ଔߩℂ⺰ߣߘߩዷ㐿㧙᡽ᐭߩࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ㧙ޢᤩᵗᦠᚱ

࡮ጊ⼱ᷡ㧔㧕ޡ᡽╷⹏ଔߩታ〣ߣߘߩ⺖㗴㧙ࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߩࠫ࡟ࡦࡑ㧙ޢ⪚ᦠᚱ

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