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(1)Fossil. Proboscidea. from. Taiwan. (II). By. Tokio. SIIIKAnIA,. OTStTKA*. Ⅱiroytlki. Yukimitsu. and. TOMIDA. Contents V.. Description. (Continued). 5.. Mammuthus. 6･. Palaeoloxodon. 1936･. Parelephas 199,. 201,. pl.. mm,. pl互cat五on. Lateral. very丘ne. end. longitudinal width. of. of. length. ridge). MATSUMOTO. Tokyo is. 7. (Kuo),. of. The,type. specimen. is. to. be. Of. Earth. naumanni. 13. (3-4),. pp.. (upper). of. enamel. surface). between. Q. than. in. numbered some. known. group. or. sinus. (lower), (13 of. absent. surface 119-253 and. in of. mm,. enamel. very. obsolete.. Q (100× ridge number/ (crown height/maximum. K. 5.4-8.2.. 16. to. little. a. with and Loxodont. surface. wall. Cheek. wide.. (1ユー2.7 mm). thin. twisted.. not. and. of grinding. grinding very. form. ancestral. parallel. width. on. or. elongate.. 8. of. wall. and. No. No.. to. 1. 9-12. Sciences,. in in. teeth. the. CH`tJN-MuH. (YEH), (Tu Nos.. No.. Faculty. of shigensis. included. variable. surface. length. Belonged. Specimens:. Institute. extremely. syno･ilymy. 8.. No.. Referred (CHIEN), No.. Geogr.,. K. and. corresponds Rather. armeniacus. the. under. with. name. of. that to. near. shigensis. OzAI(Ⅰ**.. and. Holotype:. *. Or. run. (6-10), maximum. Relationship less. MATSUMOTO. Proximus. **. grinding. Ridges. of armeniacus.. 5. quadrate. along. 3-7). low. jaw. Ridges. number. expansion. 1.5-2.0.. Lower. Enamel. ridges. Text･丘gs.. Archetypal. grinding. ridge. of 8.5. Mesial. nov.. Jap. Jour. Geol.. sized.. on. mm.. subsp.. Figs.ト3,. elephant.. longitudinal. 89.7-141.7. of. 0,. TAKAI･. small. carries. maximum. height. crown. 0,. sized. Ridge. frequency. ridge. average), 55.3-79･6. molar. 0,. Villafranchian.. other.. 55. 1.. dwarf. or. highand. each. Third. absent･. 0,. Text-丘g.. mid.-up.. stenocoronine, to. Pl･. (PoHLIG), 3,. Small in. appressed. 7,. 24,丘g.. Diagnosis:. teeth. Fig･. 37. ................ ......................... taiu)anicus,. armeniacus. trogontherii. Mammuthus. of. 0,. nov.. subsp.. (MAKIYAMA). naumanni. Mammuthus. (Pl･. taiwanicus. armeniacus. taxon. M.. of and. of. characteristics,. MAhTIYAMA.. (CIiEN. CⅢEN. 2,3,4,6(CHEN 114), No. 19-22 Science,. 0. stored Palaeoloxdon hence. No.. Nos.. (DGNTU-FV. Kagoshima in. the. name. 4), No. 5-8).. University.. National. Science. Museum,. (MAKIYAMA). naumanni the. 5). 1, 2, 3,. of. shigensis. which is. a. Junior.

(2) 38. T.. Des占ription Specimen Right. and. 12. exposed. Bone,. cement. is pure. of the. posterior. end dentine. corner. are. are. ends. general. outline; one. and. carrying are. are. ridges brown,. yellowsh. sixth. from. seventh. gently. preserved.. while. enamel. is largest. end. of. in. general. inner. islet. and. which. expose is. ridge. median not. eleventh. ridge. anterior are. ends dentine. are. composed. and ridge. to. third. one. than. crenulated in outer. corner. crenulated. and. outer. longitudinal. sinus,. inner. longitudinal. sinus.. lanceolate. dentille. islets is. inner. and. inner. wide;. relatevely. end. median. of which. is c･omposed. ridge. inner. which. 3. oval which. wall 314. of. small. is. a. 6. of and. mm. of. little exposed. ;. mam-. islets,. thin, 1.1. and. one. circular.. dentine. mammillae. Twelveth. sbap･e. are. are. expose. also. enamel. is composed. 4 mammillae. by. islets. which. suboval;. islet of elongate. of about. by. Ninth. of 5 mammillae sized. 血ely. ridge is alike to seventh islet is distinctly undulated of median. wall. of. and. Eighth. projected. islets,. Eleventh. crenulated. dentine 2 expose. of 3. and. outer. thick. strongly. is elongate. outer. interiorly.. but. composed are large. 2. median. both. and. is twisted.. one. is composed. between. is. wall. convex. anterio-outer. is liked. ridge. also incised. outer. while. curved. 1.2-1.5mm. all penetrated are. ridges. is projected. outer. line. and. ridge. strongly ridge is broken. Fifth. strongly. and line is much. more. of posterior. are. thick. median. Fourth is. wal暮. median. ridges. construction,. inner. which. than. Seventh ; sinus. 4 ridges.. half. outer. than. ridges are also both ends. second. broken,. 1･7mm. is thin,. wall. enamel. end. and. with the second islet is moderately. enamel. islet is small. one. Tenth. Straight and separated wall is lost on grind-. enamel. is thin,. is subtrigonal.. eleventh to. is subquadrate.. contacts. dentine. outer to. dentine. millae. and. little inner. a. posterior. wall;. From. ridges. worn,. and. disc. occulusal. runnlng. broken. wall. succeeding. outer. somewhat. portion. median. to. is. ramus. moderately upward. Sixteen. narrow,. rather. unpreserved;. the. anterio-inner. and. broken.. black. is much. ridge. quadrate;. in. as. crenulated. anterior. are. broken;. partially. inner. Inner. all ridges. a especially portion Third ridge closely. lS. both. is. Of. portion. ascending. narrow,. curved. margins. brownish. are. First. vall. foreward.. and. molar. of. Outer parts ridge is subcrescentic. of丘rst Anterior is wall of second ridge perfectly. crenulated,. a. and. inner. long. Anterio-onter. portion. length,. portion. of 64.3mm. crest. broken.. is slightly. which. outer. ramus. at anterio-inner. Sympbysial. in maximum. surface. both. valleys.. Surface; also broken.. and. grinding. view,. 1ng. in. 253mm. and. crown. wide. and. is long,. of portion is almost. white.. In. of. a. side.. oval. high. portion. part of it is tolerably little vaulted. Proximal. outer. ridges; Posterior. curved.. by. at. molar. bringlng. is. lower. also ascending. 124mm. wide,. but. preserved. posterio-inner. upper. surface. an. ToMIDA. i-3). broken,. are. portion long, 113mm. mm. at. and. visible. Tbe. Y.. and. is well. molar. posterio-inner. lies interiorly,. slightly. third. With. is 310. high. of alveoler. OTSUKA. (Holotype). (Pl. 3,丘gs.. Jaw. ; Jaw. 129mm. and. 8. lower. unknown. H.. :. No.. sympbysis. SHIKAMA,. of. thick. which. tbirteentb and. largely.

(3) Fossil. by. covered. broad. cement. outer. is. that. to. in. distal. the. say. view. and. sixteenth. Taiwan. (ⅠⅠ). down. sloped. curved. posteriorly. ridges. are. it. of. is 112.5mm. inner. than. distal. inward and convex broken retaining. much. be. to. seems. and. border. outer. cbilite;. abruptly. 39. is unexposed,. ridge. of. is more is gently. tooth. Fifteenth. view･. posterior margin. from. Fourteenth. coating･. lanceolate. high;. Proboscidea. in no. one,. upper. orlglnal. aspects.. Ridge. frequency. is 7-8. i 100 in. rrl･m. at. OCCulusal. surface.. TI. H*. OS. 0. Ridge l. 29.0. 2. 35.5. 3. 4. 6.3±. 31.8±. 13.1±. 31.9±. 30.2. 49. 3. 8.4. 32.5±. 30.8. 55.4. 7.9. 33.1±. 31.7. 5. 58. 1 ±. 8.1. 37.7. 29.0. 6. 60. 7 ±. 8.3. 38.2. 33.2. 7. 56.4. 6,2. 41.7. 31.2. 8. 50.8. 7.0. 46. 0±. 26.7. ±. 9. 42. 3. 5.1. 36. 7. 23.3. 10. 36. 5. 4.0. 31.0. 25.9±. ll. 32.0. 3.7. 24.8±. 21.9±. 12. 20.5. 1.9. 21.9±. 22.3±. 13 *. Sam-chdng-hsi. :. Yellowish. bed. (Ku 5) No.. fragment. CHむNIJuNG. with. tudinal valleys. are. are. outer. end is elongate Fifth,. ninth. quadrate,. is largest. and. are. ; enamel. widest;. are. outer. ;. fore. each. is small. Molar. inner. length margin.. narrow,. other,. mesial. each. ends･. ridge. is elongate. other. lanceolate,. crenulated. are丘nely its and outer end projects. walls dentine of 3 united discs are elongate and. nor. longiand. witb丘nely ridge is gently. Second. walls. enamel. grinding Ten ridges 1anceolate in. is subcresentic. ridge. subcresentic. sized,. at. expansion to. appressed. lateral. Third. Straight. ridges. composed. both. to. molar･. distinct. First. ridges･. in situ, collected in 1973 him. A part of palate. straight. tolerably. are. anteriorly･. subcircular. with. with Neither. projected. runnlng. seventh. ridges. as. anteriorly. are. Medium-coase. Jaw.. longitudinal. parallel. Ridges. turns. end. in median. ends･. and. of second. in outline. wide. walls. turnlng. sixth wall ; inner ends and. as. outer. and. is oval. inner. narrow,. portion. 102･7mm. visible･. enamel. and. alveolar. Straight,. pro)ected. cleft. crenulated. curved. disc. runnlng. exposed,. outline. an. length,. Occulusal. surface･. to. (Chin-tirlg)formation.. (Pl. 2,丘g. 7). of. alveolar. (Ch6-tin).. is attached. sandstone. of Kicho. 1.. only. in. mm. (Sam-t占ng-khe), ChoIChen. brown. With of right upper.Jaw second mollar YEH (CHHUN-EG YAP) and belonged. is preserved. are. alveole. Horizon. A. 84･1. above. :. Specimen. by. 17.8±. Locality. sandstone. mm. with. run. ridge. POSteriorly.. aft straight Eigbtb crenulated･. relatively. are血ely discs. Fourth. with. of wbicb. straight.. median Tenth. one. ridge.

(4) SHIKAMA,. T.. 40. is. lateral. Ridge. at. 10/100mm. is. frequency. (1mm. thick. OTSUKA. sixth. at. Ravine. (ChhAi-1iau). Silty. specimen. No.. Right 1ected. by. long. along. straight,. occulusal. 41.7. 8.4. 45. 5. 7.6. 4. 48. 4. 7.5. 5. 50.7. 8.8. 6. 47.7. 7. 45. 8. 10.0. 8. 44. 7. 10.4. 9. 40. 0. 9.8. 37.4. 6.1. marglnS. straight.. Enamel. Ridges. cement subcresentic. ;. Aft. of Brst. wall. is relatively. 10. ridges. little. a. in upper. is. view. in. lozenge. Fifth. and. sixth. ; outer. end. backward. crenulation. of. are. ridges. also. is thin. broken.. and. Enamel mm. at. are. wall. occulusal. is. at so. both. much is 2.4mm surface.. ends lateral. thick. with. enamel. visible･ or. ends. and. Tenth median. ridge. is. feeble. With. crenu-. with丘ne inner. ;. end. is bent. which. elongate. anteriorly･. crenulation. of enamel bent is moderately. wall. backward. tolerably. at. cre-. quadrate. runnlng. a亡its. wall. curved. crenulated.. are. Second. in outline. distinct. anterior. are. elongate. is straightly. enamel. curved and. brown･. cleft. portion･. exterior. little broken of. almost. is丘nely. wall. generally. lozenge. a. narrow,. both. wall;. broken not. gently foreward. ridge. enamel. is. is. visible･. elongate. ridge. gently lateral. yellowish. longitudinal. are. wall. crenulation. with丘ne. Seventh. is. ridge. Fourth. ridges is turned. enamel. is. Enamel. nor. of. preserved. posterior. walls.. outline. is. curved. and both. surface. cement. high･. running. other,. each. grinding. while. is. shabe. all narrow,. gently. with. 1), coレ. 112･4mm. sized,. small. to. and. trigonal black. lozenge. which. No･. (CtiEN. are. appressed. tootlュ is relatively. Third. of enamel. formation･. CtIEN. CELNG-Mu. to. brownish. ridge. expansion.. 9/100. is. distinct. no. not. of Chai-. left bank. of. Kicho. of upper. Tooth. ago･. tootll. and. mesial. wall. belonged. is suboval. curve. anterio-interiorly,. wall. (Ku 2). other,. view,. broken. 1ation. of. distinct expansion mesial and neither is sufBciently developed･ All ridges. nulated. is. 8.9. carrylng. each. wall a. wall. 12.Omm. (Pang-1iau-khau) Cho-chen (Ch6-tin)I. bed. 10 years. disc. lateral. in. run. SE. molar. with. In. Enamel. curved･. W. 3. surface,. OccultlSal. curved.. and. (Pl. 4,丘gs.ト2). about. parallel. surface･. 2. sandstone. second. CEEN. grinding. TL. 1 km. 2.. upper. largest. sized.. 38. 1. Pang-1iao-keng. of. river,. HorL'zon:. is. one. median. 1. 10. 1iao. ToMIDA. ridge). Ridge. Locality:. Y.. and. discs, of 4 dentine of which discs are and suboval small. composed. Both. H.. broken. obsolete. with. distinctEighth. in outline･. mesial. and. ninth Enamel. is smallest much and Ridge frequency portion.. ridge. lS.

(5) Fossil. from. Proboscidea. Ridge. Taiwan. tli. W. TL. 41. (ⅠⅠ). 1 2. 66. 0. 10.3. 32,3mm. 3. 71.6. ll.0. 50.0. 4. 76.2. ll.2. 64. 6. 5. 75.8. ll.2. 78.9. 6. 71.8. 10.8. 7. 63. 9. 10.0. 8. 57. 1. 8.9. 134. 9. 9. 47. 4. 7.5. 140. 7. 34.3. 5.6. 137.3. 10. No.. specimen. (Pl. 4,丘gs. Rightand leftlowerjawswith CHEN (CIiEN No. 2), collected. Mu. Tbe and. ramus. formed.. horizontal sloped.. ridges some. is. ramus. When. very. 1. are. pathologlC. lollg and. but. 3.. Specimen. low. broad. small. and. are. Ridges. are. Mammuthus No.. DMト､(?). 3.. and. Right. and 2. 2. curved. in outline,. taiwanicus. (?)･. lateral. quadrate. left lower Occulusal. other, view,. is abruptly to. horizontal. (?) iselongatetrigonal. in. irregular. armeniacus. DM. RDM. elongate. each. Of symphysis vertical. are. lateral. with In. de-. much. (DM?). Molars. almost. runnlng. all very. of. ascending. is. ralnuS. jointed. margln. quadrate.. of. is visible･. sheath. is gently. part. wide･. are. ; fore. and. surface they. tusk. 1973･. surface. ramus. CtlbNG-. belongedto. upper. 131mm. and. No. (?). 2 and DM in September,. (?). Inner. left. low･. 1. 3). direction;. long. elements･. Text一色g.. him. 420nlm. is. is very. preserved. by. partly. occulusal. and. view. 1. broken･. and. ramus. (?). DM. dorso-ventrai. relatively. Ascending. 3, 4, Text一丘g･. right and. wide. is. ramus. in upper. to. is. RDM. ramus.. are. in situ. Jaw. in. pressed. symphysis. Right. preserved lower. is. Jaw. 3.. 99. 8 117.. with. subsp･. jaws side･. vith. nov･. view･. Seven. probably quadrangular. due.

(6) 42. Sl{ⅨAMA,. T･. both. lateral. thin. and LDM wide･ of which. (?) is. arst,. Second. is visible･. 77･6mm. long. of. ; in median. inner. Left. ridges. are. islets. Five. wide. largely. dentine. outer. the. portion. RDM. both. ToMIDA. is visible･ Enamel 2 (?) is 111.2mm. 54･5mm. and. Y.. and. and. last. and. composed. in outline. OTSUKA. expansion. mesial. crenulation 2. are. ridges. Some. ends･. no. H.. contact. long. are. which. with. each. 55.9m血. and. preserved. ridgesare Third. broken.. islets. is relatively. wall. fourth. and. all quadrate twisted.. and. other. DM2 Ridge. TL. W. 1. 44. 5. 2. 51.4. 3. 53.2. 13.2. 4. 50. 6. 13.4. mm. -. 16. 6. 5. Locality:. small-ravine. (Ku 5). bed. sandstone. Horizon:. upper. Specimen. No, lower. Right CHAI. CHIEN. The. DM is also. wide. is divided. ridge. strongly. wide. which. in. subtrigonal. Fifth. to. 丘fth. and. ninth. backward･. 2 islets. eighth. ridges. sixth. ridges. are. at. and. a. unpreserved. of. of wbicb. 3.. DM DM. ridges.. anterior. p,e-. DM. border. ridges.. unretainlng. and. 9 ridges. posterior. ridge. are. outer. and. grinding Ridge 1. one;. Straight. six. 2 3 is. ones. are. of several are. surface. T■R. 9.2＋. islet. is. islets of. smallest dentine. shaped. and islets.. with each parallel other; dentine Seventh islets. shaped. expallSion. mesial. 4 dintine. and. of 5 oval composed. of. median of 4 oval. is composed. composed. nor. is composed. ridge. all runnlng. are unexposed ridges longitudinal cleft mm. outline. than. Fourth. Neither. 10/100. outline. Third. larger. are. in outline･. subcircular. of at. MINis. offirst ridge is preserved Second and moderately undulated. into 2 inner islets which are in outlille and outer subcresentic. curved. inner. coa,se. by. situ, collected horizontal ramus. portion anterior ･bigb Anterior and thick･ surface of symphysial ramus is almost broken.. sized, subquadrate 79･3mm long and retainlng wall. to. in. 3. 59mm. and. in. Aft. ground･. is. 2 and DM Anterior portion. KAN)･. 66mm. small,. l･ DM. small. quadrate,. to. DM. Ascending. 1 is very. Medium. (Chi-ting) formation. formation (Ku 6).. with. long,. sloped･. (Sam-t昌ng-khe).. (Pl. 5,丘g. 2). is rather. is gently. and. 5.. (M会NG-CHAI. ramus. hsi. of Kicho Kicho. jaw. 147mm. served,. of Sam-chdng. W 3.4mm. 2. 25.7. 5.3. 3. 29.0. 4.4. 4. 26. 1. 4.1. 5. 20.9＋. 3.1. 6. 27.5. 2.9. mammillae. visible.. Ridge. frequency.

(7) Fossil. Locality:. Small. Proboscidea. Taiwan. from. 2.7. 7. 26.0. 8. 25.8. 9. 22. 7. of right side of Chai-1iao. ravine. 43. (ⅠⅠ). River,. 1200m. SW. Cho-. of. (Cho-tin).. cben. Horizon:. Grey. bed. silt. (Ku. bed. sandstone. underlaying. for-. 1) ofKicho. mation.. Specimen. No.. lower. Right. jaw with. TÅN). (CⅢEN cm. Jaw at. wide. In anterior molar. 4).. No.. unpreserved. 10. foreward.. sinus. median. one. marglnS. crown. alveolar. Of eleventh. enamel. is yellowish. is. ridge. and is rather larger. aft. Fifth and. broken,. third. outer. than. subtriangular. are. to. and. oval. longi-. last. the. ridges,. worn,. ex-. brown. yellowish. sixth. thin. and. subtriangular. valleys. median. one. outer. third. enamel one. foreward. islets, of which outer largest undulated. and. ; both. Fourth into. 2. inner. one. is. wall of. becomes. margin,. divided and. Third. thin･. and. is. which. one. ex-. median. all unknown;. in outline. wide,. is. is. is. ridge. crenulated. but. fore. ridges. of 3 dentine. Second. turns. abruptly. curved; are. to. is broken･. wbicb. crenulated. and丘nely. running. strongly. is at. wall. end. one. shaped･. vertical. its inner. general. and. composed while. be. to. its anterior. rather. in. is small,. one. last. except. is feebly. are. neighbourlng is. exposed. seems. and. one. former. Second. ridge. delltine. which interiorly, running. 甲alls. to. the. wider. to. concave. and Three. is moderately. Tooth. and. is preserved,. enamel. alike. than. fourth. each. foreward. bent. gently curved 8.5 posterioriy･. one.. cement. are. ridges. interiorly. of which. crenulated. wide,. Bone,. anteriorly. narrower. fore. separated. has. little broken. gradually. islets,. all. is perfectly. a. last. from. and. are. 193mm. long,. and. narrow. as. ridges. are. from. pentrates. the. Twelve. anteriorly. and. deep. white.. of aft wall. portion. to. 28.9mm. ends.. widely. ridges. anteriorly. one. outer. ridge･. broken. ceedingly. anterior. disc. view,. ridge. bent. is 6.5. sixth. and backward. narrow. of second. inner and outer gently shape, and curved of oval lateral is In surface almost parallel view･ occulusal view is 104.6mm high at outer The tooth and nearly straight. margin. margln. crown. posterior tooth is very. The. ridges. visible,. and. ramus･. socket. and. wide. posteriorly,. of ascending. of alveolar. 44.5mm. are. ramus. ascending 130mm wide. anterior. depression. a. anterior. are. at. (CHHUN-BoK. of. long,. high. preserved,. llumbers･. from. OCCulusal in. as. at. All. are. does. an. First. long. part. 290mm. cm. is visible. there. frequensy. Ridge. tudinal. In. 12. are ridges view, ln crown view,. of last 4 ridges.. with. sized,. CHEN. CH古-Mull. to. large. and. small. length.. In lateral. tip. molar,. original. of. bolonged. molar,. of third. is broken. molar. 1). is relatively. is 32mm. preserved, in maximum. poslng. third. of third molar. preserved. Tbird. Bg.. Symphysial. anterior. which. other.. (Pl. 5,. 6.. ridge dentine. is far strongly 10.6mm. is smallest. Inner. surface.

(8) 44. T.. of the. ridge. succeeding. ones. are. ridges is. small. irregularly. shaped. composed. and. widely. mammilla. which. second. neighbouring. Twelveth. 34.5. 10 4. 2. 47. 1. ll. 9. 64. 0. 10 5. 28. 1*. 29. 5*. 7. 64.4. 9 4. 29. 9*. 30. 7*. 〇. 54. 1. 65.3. 8. 31. 4*. 30.9±*. 6. 47. 6. 62.5. 7 1. 34.. 27.6±*. 7. 43. 0. 55.9. 4 5. 29.3*. g. 42. 9. 51.2. 4. 9. 2l.9*. 16.0±*. 47. 1. 5. 4. 15.3*. 13.4±*. 44.3. 5. 2. 81.3. 12.0±*. 36.8. 4. 7. 69.3±. 164.6±. River. lower. 21.6±*. (Kian-ch丘iKhe). (8.2). Sam-pao. (Soan-pa),. formation. (Ku 5-6).. at. dentine. is almost of. 201mm. width,. prOXimal. brown. blackish. to. and. brown.. in. upper. in maximum. is largely. unpreserved. exposlng. yellowish. holotype;. the. almost. broken,. are. black. are. length. and. the. holotype,. broken;. a. of. is pure. rather. 84mm. in. symof. portion. Bone,. molar.. proximal. white;. construction is. Jaw. (TEK-. Kuo. lower. and portion. enamel General. view. TEILIN. to. molar. itin4-5. is much. dentine. (Chi-ting). Kicho. upper. in situ, belonged The yearsago. jaw. third. ramus. ascending ramus. of. (Text-fig. 4) with. gained. who. and. of. 124mm. wide, height. jaw. the. is in. of posterio-. portion.. The high. ridges. convex. a. little. posterio-outer are. narrow,. expansion. mesial. retains. is. molar. along. tinct. is. horizon. 7.. jaw. cement. All. Yen-shui-hsi. 6*. attached.. No.. that. of. 0. (Ting-sam-chhun). is. KoEH). outer. aoor. Middle. Specimen. maximum. 皿m. 一. 5±. 61. sandstone. to. 0. 59. Horizon:. alike. innermost. one. 4. Ch6ng-sham-ch也n. and physis horizontal. inner. 3. ll. L壬NG. one. Median only. 1. 1. Locality:. eleventh. innermost. H. m. 10. Left. retains. is the. and. and. and. the. ridge. small. tenth. W. OS. 9. Grey. is very. mammillae.. ridge. median. beginnlng, Eighth. respectively. TL. Ridge. of which ridge. Ninth,. sized.. is largest. distally.. broken. even. inner. ones.. seventh one. outward.. from. 6 mammillae. ridge.. and inner. eighth. curved. same. the. sixth. median. From. which. from. of each. fourth,. of 5 mammillae. shaped. abruptly. 4, 5 and. ToMIDA. of which. almost. separated. is. in third,. and. and. of. is largest. mammilla. of. Y.. and. is composed. oval. depressed. are. oval. are. like. ridge. 5 mammillae,. of. composed 4 other. Seventh. and. OTSUIくA. 6 mammillae,. of. oval.. largest. are. H.. eroded. is composed. irregulary. and. 2. is moderatly. ridge. Sixth. SHIKAMA,. almost. the. inward,. than. of last ridge.. margin straight. and. is. Posterior. seen.. orlglnal also. larger. aspect.. grinding. runnlng. Tooth surface. 167mm. Thirteen. parallel portion. is gently is concave. long are. ridges. with. and. 89.7mm. preserved.. other;. no. dis-. each but. anterior. margln. and. its inner. margln. is broken. curved upward;. occulusal. disc. is.

(9) Fossil. from. Proboscidea. Taiwan. 45. (II). 5cm. Text-丘g.. A=.. Mammuthus. Specimen. elongate. becoming. oval,. lower. Left. 7.. No.. Occulusal. a:. iaiwanicus. armeniacus. side,. abruptly. narrower. anteriorly. and. jaw b:. third. with. Outer. nov･. subsp･ molar･. side.. truncated. and. posteriorly. at. posterior. margin. First of. aft. broken. broken. thick Fourtb. a. to. and. and. fourth fore. portion. straigbtly a. little. ridge turning. outer. in of. general inner. and. third. and. running than. one. median outline,. portion. both. is. is. wall general. ; outer. end. Second. but. wall. its. strong also. projection. portion. of. turns. is thin,. (2.3mm).. thick. a. ends are its median. althoughmuch. enamel. construction. but. portion. Inner. subcircular. relatively. is broken. at. only. ; posterior. strong. outer. and. wall. has wall aft enamel is line･ Fifth ridge with. median. triangular･. aftward･. projected end. at. only. inner. enamel. retains. crenulated. in. wall. elongate. and. moderately and inner. enamel. anterio-inner liked. ridge. is tolerably. wall. is. ridge. is more. portion. foreward. is ttlrned. ridge. 1.5mm. wall. enamel. ; anterio-inner. is. and. vide. relatively. curved. enamel. retains. to丘rst. is gently. wall. ; posterior. of third. is. disc appressed. closely. ; fore. portion. wall. worn. dentine. wall; is. ridge. is. ridge. fore enamel. projection somewhat. at. alike. wall, aft enamel foreward ; inner. is broken narrower inwardly wall and posterio-inner gradually Sixth is broken is 1.5mm thick and丘nely crenulated. ridge. ;. becomes. enamel wall inner, anterio-inner,. posteromedian. and. posterio-inner. portions;. outer. corner. turns. at.

(10) 46. T.. foreward fore. i血er. and. enamel. of the. between. valley. Seventb outer. is. Inner. is broken. almost. at. anterio-outer,. and Ninth. a. is much. ridge. to. tendency divides. wbicb. and. not. outer. and. inner. be. outer. wide.. margln. inner. is small. backward;. thin. relatively and丘nely is s亡rongly Eighth wall crenulated. and posterio-inner walls,I fore wall. sized. outer. enamel. 7-8/100. islets. is. almost. both. inner. are. walls. islet and. and. strongly. broken. islets than. are. them. and. and. 1.4mm. undulated. strongly. undulated. islet; median. to. oval,. much. ridge undulated. islet is subtriangular Thirteenth. exteriorly. very. wall. anterio-inner. Twenteenth. inner. walls;. subcircular. but. oblique. elongate. sinus. ; aft enamel. oval. aftward･. largest,. and. outer. larger. concave. aft enamel. circular. runs. has. (1.7-1.9. thick. with. straight. elongate. former. oval; islet is much is. runs. well preserved is largest and. islet. the. longitudinal. outer. is relatively. wall. disc. dentine. end;. and. and is. ridge. are. fore. islet is much. median. inner. by. dentine. ; median. crenulated one. outer. and. islets. Eleventh. of median its median. and. narrow;. while. broken. wall. 3. corner. islet is largest. median. outer. inner. Enamel ridges. Tenth crenulated. ridge. ends;. and. with丘nely. small,. circular. strongly. undulated. thick.. Ridge. and. ridge is broken,. ; fore. frequency. and is. mm.. TL Ridge. Locality. Horizon: Kicho. 0. 37.7＋. 12 5±. 2. 42. 9. 12 2. 3. 52.9. ll. 4. 60. 1. 10. 5. 63. 6. 6 7 8. 64. 4. 9. mm. …. 19.0±. 20.2. 1. 20.8. 19.4. 9. 21.5. 18.1±. ll. 0. 27.0. 19.9±. 65. 7. 10. 3. 29.5±. 21.4±. 64. 5. ll. 3. 27.9. 21.7±. 9 8. 28.9. 24.0±. 59.8±. 8 2. 27.7±. 24.0±. 10. 52.1. 9. 11. 46.5. 12 13. River. :. H*. OS. 1. 1. 25.7. 26.6. 7 4. 23.3. 28.7. 41.8. 5 9. 20.8. 27.5. 38.5. 4 1. 14.7±. 24.9. floor of Yen-shui-hsi. (Kian-chd-khe),. at. Sam-pao. (Soan-pa),. Middle. horizon. (Ting-告an-chhun).. Ch6ng-sham-ch也n. upper. bent. and. is. wall. posteromedian. into. crenulated･. posterio-outer. aft. ninth ridges; Inner half crenulated.. is relatively. thirteenth. -. much. is partially. very. vertical. to. at. divided. so. moderately. and. ridges. and. portion. brokell. tenth. mm),. wall Both. aft. sixth. eighth. is not. one. one third length from outer undulated and end is distinctly forward ; fore wall is moderately just like those of preceeding exposed 2r is succeeding enamel wall thin, i.511.8mm ridges; relatively thick.. 2. is. ToMIDA. of seventh,. but. enamel abruptly; is broken ; aft enamel. end. gently. concave. a. those. crenulated. Y.. anld. forward. turns. crenulated･ ridge. rllnS. OTSUKA. as. fifth and. ridge. end. also does. one. is触ely. wall. H.. SHIKAMA,. Grey. is attached sandstone (Chi-ting) formation.. to. the. specimen.. of.

(11) Fossil. Specimen. Right M丘NG by. No. lower. T6),. basal. The. ramus. width･. part. belonged to Ts(JNG-MING Tu (CBEONGmolar, Medical College (Tu No. 1), acquired of Kaohsiung is Horizontal ramus a part preserved with of symphysis. relatively In lateral view,. 5.. wide. portion. Mammuthus. parallel. each. view,. 1ir唱ual margln. ridges other. Right. side,. ramus. taiwanicus. so. not. although. jaw b:. with. Inner. 130mm. while. maximum. curved.. nov.. molar.. side.. surface. second longitudinally. converge. occulusal. of anterio-inner. longitudinal. but丘rst, narrow. in. subsp.. third. in median. somewhat. curved. and. is cracked.. ramus. is gently. althoughgrinding. visible. are. is gently. lower. in situ, is 182mm are. ridges. All. long. 32lmm of the. Occulusal. tooth. side of horizontal. armeniacus. 9.. No.. The. surface･ largely broken. with. border. is preserved. Fifteen. ing. low,. and. lower. a:. is broken.. Buccal. ramus.. of ascending. is. molar. 47. (ⅠⅠ). the. Specimen. Third. Taiwan. third. with in. Text-fig.. from. (Text-丘g. 5). jaw. stored CHEN.. CH古N-MuH. and. 9.. Proboscidea. and. and. exteriorly. margin. length. at grindare last ridges run. straight, In occulusal. is almost. straight..

(12) T.. 48. disc. Occulusal mesial. expanded and Median. at. exteromedian. oblique. wall of posterior inner dentine larger of Posterior in outline.. composed. mesial. ends,. what. broken. outer. on､e. larger. dentine so. suboval. dentine. disc is. ridge. the. ridge islets. of. the. which. is. and. larger Ridge. posteriorly.. with. by. ones. smaller are. frequency Enamel. discs.. surface. thick. at. outer. Seventh,. sinus discs. dentine are. ridges. Enamel. margin. Sixth. eighth. is. ridge and into. all semioval. are. elongate. three. separated. and. com-. Thirteenth. outline.. straight.. walls.. ninth. inner. in shape. outline.. is. 6.5/100. median. mm. anteriorly. portion. of ridges.. H. TL Ridge. to. Inner. is also. and丘fteenth. is. end. is largest,. and. of. com-. wbicb. walls.. ridge. composed. is. Eleventh. one. enamel. of Enamel. quadrate. outline･. median. in. vertical. Smaller in. quadrate. at gringing. is 2.7mm. enamel. longitudinal. dentine. elongate. and. Buccal. outer. composed. is largest. Fourteenth. straight. running. an. the. be. to. is largest.. one. smaller. and. larger. in. crenulated Twelveth wide.. seems. and. ridge disc. and. is some-. in. subo∇al. one the median which is smallest and obsolete. crenulated. finely crenulated. penetrated outer. relatively. outline. outer. are. islets of which. moderately. are. at. of median. composed. which. 丘nely. relatively. are. in. in outline,. Straight. with. one. outer. ones. dentine. islets of. obsolete. obsolete. larger-. outline sinus. while is rather. ridges. in. and. its inner. is also. ridge is suboval. of wbicb. crenulated. outline. Ninth preceding ridge. ridge disc and two smaller lateral ones. is also. ridge lateral. latter. one,. ridge. inner dentine. which. dentine. of three. composed. three. quadrate. runnlng. s甲aller. dentine. of. wall. two. longitudinal. outer. very. outline.. Tenth. quadrate. elongate. posed. quadrate. and. also. smaller in the as. undulated. Fifth ridge. is broken. Eighth. outline. one. and. interiorly. Seventh. larger. is. wall. is tolerably. eminently. ridge. the丘fth of. in. median. in. to. runs. which. posteriorly.. is. wall. of. is broken. outer. smaller. Sixth. composed. crenulated. much. larger. of. disc. projected. enamel. oblique. and. is subquadrate. which. is not. posed. and. interiorly. inner. wall. straight. runs. wall. No. view.. posterior. ends; ridge. Enamel. and. distinct.. is tolerably. expansion. outer. disc. outer. Fourth. margln.. latter. broken,. and. is distinctly. lateral quadrate.. elongate. largely. portion.. buccal. to. in. upward. its inner. at. ToMIDA. generally. one. second. portion. is subquadrate. and. and. Y.. and. concave. are. ridges. is broken. ridge. OTSUIくA. slightly. and. is entirely. little. a. H.. and. seen,. posteriorly. runs. and. is. ridge Third. straight.. are. suboval. expansion. First. is. is. SHIKAMA,. m. O. 1. 42.8. 16.2. 2. 52.4. 3. 6l.8. 14.1. 21.5±. 4. 61.4. 12.8. 27.2. 5. 75.0. 12.0. 28.6. 6. 77.3. ll.3. 31.2±. 7. 74.4. 9.9. 8. 68. 3. 10.3. 9. 64. 1. 7.8. -. 30.9 34,0± 33.5. mm. and. 9/100. mm.

(13) Fossil. 10. 59.1. 6.6. 31.8±. ll. 53.0. 6.5. 33. 2. 12. 45.4. 5,2. 34. 2. 13. 39.6. 3.7. 34. 6. 3.6. 35.1±. 14. Locality:. River. Horizon:. Precisely. Specimen. No. lower. Right M丘NG T6), is preserved. portion. pbysial the. 130mm. and. oblique. culusal a. little. surface.. is runnlng. ridge. is largely. molar. disc. border. is moderately. Thirteen. exposed 238mm. ridges. are. 6.. Mammuthus. Text･丘g. Specimen. No. a:. 10.. view,. in total length visible,. of. Right. Occulusa.1. lower. side,. inner. formlng. strong. lll･7mm anterior. with. third. side.. long 4. are. subsp.. molar･. nov･. an. in. is lanceolate. molar. taiwanicus. jaw b:. long a. and. curved. portion. and. which. armeniacus. 321mm. surface･. anteromedian. In upper. broad,. is gently. inner. and. ground･. outward,. curving. of the. broken･ relatively. ramus. its posterior. On. is. ramus. in situ. Symmolar Anterior portion of. third. with. largely. are. Horizontal. Lower. ramus. ramu￣s. ascending. broken.. wide.. Third. of horizontal. part. (CHHONGI 2)･ Right jaw Tu. to belonged TsむNG-MING molar College (Tu No･ of Kaohsiung. third Medical. in the. and. is also. molar. unknown.. with. large. of. (Chhailliau).. (Text一点g･6). 10.. jaw. stored. of Chai-1iao. floor. 49. (ⅠⅠ). Taiwan. from. Proboscidea. at. OC-. outline,. occulusal. broken,. also.

(14) 50. T.. fourteenth to. outer. Fifth. visible･. is oval. in. E.. and. Y.. and. ToMIDA. All ridges. all unpreserved･. composed. 3-4. of. dentine. discs;. so Eminent much crenulated. is largest, composed of three dentine. and ridge. a. little posteriorly･. suboval. and. a. are. discs,. Outer. runnlng. wall is cleft is not. enamel. longitudinal. not. in shape, and situated Inner disc is largest,. outline･. OTSUKA. are. ridges. margin. thick. relatively. one. its succeeding. and. oblique. SIIIKAMA,. of wbicb median is subtrigonal. disc. little curved. Valley. anteriorly.. disc is broad cement･ Sixth ridge anterior of median and点Iled with sufBcient is also composed 3 dentine discs, one is largest, subcresentic of of which median foreward･ Outer disc is in and curved oval outline and situated anteriorly. Seventh is composed dentine discs, which are in ridge of 4 small all suboval Eighth. outline･ dentine. discs. are. which bent. worn, much is 9/100mm. is smaller. ridge. at. than. the. backward. grinding. and. preceeding. Ninth. all suboval･. and. exposing Enamel. surface･. ridge and its succeeding. many. wall. mammillae･ is 1.9mm thick. of 3. composed are. not ridges Ridge frequency. at median. portion.. TL Ridge. m. 1. mm. -. 2. 3 4 5. 55.5. ll.6. 50.0. 6. 53. 3. 6.9. 50.8. 7. 39. 6. 6.9. 50.6. 8. 27.7. 4.2. 49.8. 9. 18.8. 2.7. 47.0±. Locality:. Precisely. unknown.. Horizon:. Precisely. unknown.. Specimen Left. in. length. maximum disc is oval. Occulusal. bent. are. ridges. of Chai-1iao. belonged to Ts(JNG･MING molar College of Kaohsiung (Tu No.. third. upper. floor. (Chhai-1iau).. (Pl. 5,触s. 3-4). ll.. in the Medical. stored mm. No.. River. at. with. foreward,. beigbt. middle. outer. straight. with. each. other. ; their. outer. backward･ Neither distinct mesial subquadrate and turnlng expansion longitudinal are Inner are largely broken. cleft visible. of ridges ends Anterior wall of丘rst ridge is broken and aft enamel wall is gently curved with ends. are. nor. feeble. enamel. of fore. crenulation crenulated strongly. enamel. crenulated rate,. runnlng. and. and. aft. aft turned. relatively Straight,. walls･. ; outer. walls than. curved is eminently. portion. Second. crenulation･. one.. ridge Third. with is subcresentic. ridge is projected backward Fourth is elongate ridge. posteriorly･ Fifth,. thick. parallel. is subquadrate. end. with. Fore sixth. each. and and. other;. and. outer. distinct. walls ridges. ends. enamel distinctly. with fore wall. quadrate. aft enamel seventh. ;. small sized, 128 in maximum height. inner All margins.. undulated. parallel. T6). Tooth. 3). 126mm. and and. Straight,. runnlng. (CHtIONG･M圭NG. Tu. are. is. and are. more. outer. eminently. elongate quadrate. quadand.

(15) Proboscidea. Fossil. backward;. turned. is small,. ridge fore. is. wall. enamel. them. of. are. enamel. distinctly. undulated aft in maximum is 2.5mm. wall. Eighth crenulated. projected both lateral ends ;. with. Ninth. one.. aft. mm. 59.1. ll.2. 42.1±. 3. 61.8. ll.2. 56.9. 4. 67.2. ll.4. 70.3±. 5. 65.7. 12.1. 82.4±. 6. 64.2±. ll.5. 91.1. 7. 56.3＋. ll.6. 91.3. 8. 54. 5. 10.0. 92. 2. 9. 29.5. 8.8. 92.0±. Precisely. unknown.. Specimen. No.. upper. (cHIiONG-M主NG Jaw. 2. Horizon:. Left. is very. long,. li王将ual. 9.5±. River. jaw. with. T6),. stored. DM in. Medical. the. 91. buccal. curved grinding surface and inner portion Bone is brown. Ridges and enamel backward, curved other and gently of enamel Enamel. wall. are. TL. mesial. median W. 36.4±. 6.8. 58.0±. 3. 33. 8＋. 5.6. 59.4±. 4. 39. 9＋. 5.2±. 62.4±. 〇. 42.7±. 5.8±. 79.0±. 6. 55.3±. 8.2±. 78.0±. 7. 53.3±. 9.5±. 84. 0±. 8. 44. 5±. 9.5±. 81.0±. 37.2±. 8.0±. 78. 0±. 32.4±. 5.8±. Precisely. unknown.. Precisely. unknown.. River月.oor. 4)･. is 119. straight with is sand attached. ridges parallel expansion. 9/100. m血at. are. visible･. with. grinding. mm. of Chai-1iao. each. nor丘ne. a 50.8±. 2. 10. Tooth. portion).. 30.3±. 9. Horizon. straight,. 1. r. :. silty. is. No.. view. Ten. frequency. (Tu. in situ.. in occulusal. distinct. Ridge at. (?). 3. Tu. Ts(JNG-MING. Kaohsiung. of. broken.. running. Nietber. (1.4mm. Ridge. Locality:. (Chhまi-1iau).. to. Brown. margins. is much. visible.. is thin. wall. DM. suboval. are. belonged. College. carrying. high,. mm. on. surface.. mm. of Chai-1iao. Boor. ir?v situ,. (?). broken,. much and. 3. irregularly. crenulation. 31.5±. 12.. small and 63mm wide. and. O. 41,7十. unknown.. projected. E. 1. Precisely. is. end. thickness.. m. Locality:. is smallest,. ridge. outer. wall ;. enamel. TL. Ridge. 51. (ⅠⅠ). moderately. 1rregularly undulated distinctly than undulated. with. outward;. Taiwan. narrow,. more. sublanceolate. walls. from. (Chhai-1iau)..

(16) 52. SIiIKAMA,. T.. Specimen. DGNTU-FV. 5.. small. atively. outer. is. enamel an. make border. coarse. portion. long. mm. surface. is. are. and. also makes. and. posterioblack. and. Straigbtly. and. to. runlng an. rel-. worn. moderately. unpreserved are brown. preserved. which. Tooth. molar.. dentine. and. ridges. third. surface,. portion. ; cement. Eight. occulusal. with. ToMIDA. upper. occulusal. ; anterior. proximally brown.. left. of. along. sandstone. yellowish angle. of. 78.2. is broken. portion. Y.. (Text-fig. 7) Posterior. sized,. grey. attaching. 19.. No.. OTSしU王くA and. H.. angle. with. proximal. rather. narrow,. crown.. 0. 5⊂m. +_⊥__山+ Text-丘g.. 7.. Mammuthus. No.. Specimen. 19.. Left. DGNTU-FV5. Occulusa1. All. are. ridges. regularly. appressed. to. frequency. is 8-9/100. In. crown. to. thin,. both. ends. Fourth. is far. fourth. larger. outer. to. alike Fifth. inner. ridge. enamel. while. inner. subcircular. divided王nto. islet is strongly. a. and. as. third. posteriorly. ; enamel. of wall quadrate. in it looks like end; outline general inner to outer border and vertical Jdisc is. is elongate. posterior. into. two. wall islets,. have. to. into oval. 3 in. a. posterior. wall. projects of which. islet;. posterior. outer. enamel. islets. outline,. crenulated.. one. outer. by inner. both. carries. end wall. is. longitudinal and. crenulated.. longitudillal a. and. shaped. is acutely. outer. dentine. is very. rod. and丘nely. narrow. is subcircular;. and. is preserved of total length. preserved. thin and丘nely wall 3 dentine by islets corresponding. undulated. Ridge. expansion.. projects. wall. elongate. and. one. outer. corner. tendency one. nov.. molar.. alveol.. ridge. end;. but. one. is divided. Enamel. mesial. dentine. is divided. has. ridge crenulated. islet is largest mediall and are. almost. third. ridge. and. Sixth. is also. at. runs. stlbcircular,. is subtrigonal. outer. posteriorly;. are. is quite. than. it. ridges;. turned. of wall. islets. median. at. little. other. of丘rst. wall. and. a. each. distinct. surface. enamel. is broken. ridge. interiorly.. of wall. sinus;. posterior. with. no. seen. occulusal. at. is broken. feebly. ridge. foreward. 且nely. and lS. parallel is. subsp.. third. upper. side.. its posterio-inner ; inner and丘nely･crenulated end ridge. second. corner. view,. mm. twisted. Third. running there. other;. Second. partially. is somewhat wall. each. taiu)anicus. armeniacus. distinct. outer. Seventh sinus; proJeC-.

(17) Proboscidea. Fossil. Enamel. tion.. is 1.7-1.9mm. wall. from. in. Taiwan. 53. (ⅠⅠ). thickness.. TL. Ridge. m. OS. 1. 0. 1 2. 63.3＋. 77.8. 9.5. 3. 66.9. 78.2. 62.4. 79.6. 55. 4. 6 7. 111.3. 8.8. 126.1. 126,2. 9.3. 133.9. 133.6±. 72.5. 7.8. 135. 5. 141.4. 46.7. 70.4. 7.2. 132. 6. 142.. 37.3. 69.9. 6.2±. 130. 2. 141. 7. `4 5. Locality. :. Hin-hua. Horizon. :. Precisely. No.. Specimen. each. Aft. second. elongate. quadrate,. quadrate; inner. larger and. aft. the. and. is. largest,. and. eighth. is subtrigonal. in. Sixth. ridge and. subcresentic are. oval. dentine. islet. of oval. Enamel. wall. is not. also. in. grinding surface. 2. is. wall. wall. of 3 dentine ridge. (2.6mm). and. bluish. 3. 63.7. 67.4. ll.2. 119.6±. 4. 58.8. 66.9. 10.4. 116.0. 5. 49.9. 62.7. 8.1. 112,7. rather its. outer. while. not discs. of. of. elongate. quadrate. thin. fore. and. of which. median. median Only. grinding. 1. one. Seventh. which. at. is. end. is composed. ridge is. and. visible; enamel Fourth ridge is. Ii. 1. 65.Oi. is. grey.. 0. 65.0±. wall. of. wall. quadrate. exposlng. is 8/100mm. W max. dis-. is. crenulated.. discs,. is smallest. frequency. 42.. 1. Enamel. former. of 3 dentine. TL. Ridge. the. Fifth. is eminently. Ninth. enamel. elongate. its aft. Ridge. shape･ thin. View, is. is composed. composed. outline.. discs;. outline.. Aft. is projected. end. crenulated.. dentine. portion.. with. parallel foreward. and. at. median. bent. mesial expansion is a little broken.. end. strongly. outer. smalier. ridges and. is. ridge. inner. along. straight,. proximal. In llpper. distinct. Straight;. wall. crenulated.. one. is largest. enamel. latter. is丘nely. running. of. Outer. crenulated.. moderately. run. view.. exposed. is attached. its. Third. crenulated. much foreward. No. is turned. end. wall. so. not. are. undulated. sand. portion.. in lateral. subquadrate. ridges. are. is broken. molar. ninth ridges long outline, 97.2mm. all. view ridges black and grey. third. to. in. lateral to. long,. second. triangtllar which At occulusal surface,. of丘rst ridge is preserved of inner. and. is. From is. in. Detached. molar.. is preserved. ridge. inner. third. high, 195mm. and. is brown. wall. straight. 1-2). lower. preserved.. while. Bone. tallLy.. (Pl. 6,丘gs｡ Right. are. grinding surface, longitudinal line. other,. unknown.. narrow. rather ridges. (Sin-haa).. 20. 6.. DGNTU-FV. Twelve. 2. 48.1. 8. anteriorly,. mm. -. 111.7±. one. one. small. surfaQe･.

(18) 54. T.. 63.0＋. 6.6. 112.4. 98. 6. 7. 33.9. 61.5. 5.0. 104. 7. 94. 9. 8. 12.0. 49.3. 3.6. 100, 7. 82. 9. 9. 7.9. 42.6. 3.7. 98.4. 83.2. 10. 39.9. 95.0. 84. 5. ll. 26.0. 76.4. 74. 0. 12. 21.9. 54.9. 56.6. :. Specimen. Precisely. unknown.. Precisely. unknown.. No.. 253mm. long. lower. border. are. is. Ten. ground,. subcrescentic, are. Valleys. not. smooth. ridge. is composed. wide enamel. walls;. portion. frequency. ll/100mm. at. are. moderately. and. projected backwards. bent. are. Ninth. as. wide. ridges. lateral ends. both. is 6.5/100mm posterior. is elongate. is broken.. ridge. are. rather one. TL. W. 32.4±. Locality: HorL'zon. :. is. which are. ; outer. 丘nely has. is. ridge. all ends. crenulated･ discs. 3 dentine. Tenth. projected. is largest. and. in. sub-. outline.. portion surface and anterior of occulusal is not it. Enamel thick (1･9mm at of wall. portion). E. --. 2. 40.0. 3. 52.3±. 12.6±. 27.9±. 4. 60.7±. 12.1. 33.6±. 5. 6B.0. ll.6. 32.2±. 6. 65.6＋. 9.6. 31.9. 7. 65_9＋. 8.9±. 31.5. 8. 59.3. 8.0. 30.9. 9. 52.7. 6.5. 43.7. 46. 5. 6.0. 49.8±. 10. ridges. ridges. inward. ex-. quadrate. wall. subcircular. at. portion. Ridge. are. Fourth. and. other. each. ridges of the both. walls ridge. sloped. gently. of enamel crenulation to Fifth eighth subquadrate.. walls as. enamel. Third. and. with. second. discs, of which median of 3 dentine is in outline. Inner dentine islet small sized,. quadrate. middle. but. and. other. exposed. with丘ne. ends. Enamel. each. view,. is. surface. and. In lateral well. parallel. First. other.. uncrenulated. Outer walls.. backward. curved. with. Ridge. lateral. subquadrate. are. almost. enamel backward,. Curved Both. with. occulusal. runnlng､Straight,. each. is. broken,. much. in situ. Tooth. curved･. is. Jaw. molar. molar. second. outline;. exposed,. connuent. crenulated. thin.. in. to. thin and. subcrescentlC, rather. are. third. is gently. ramus. appressed. worn,. (Chhaト1iau).. floor of Chai-1iao. with. carrying. subquadrate. ridges. moderately. witb且nely. wide,. of horizontal. disc. much. (Pl. 5,触. 5) lower Right jaw. 142mm. and. backward.. River. 21. 7.. DGNTU-FV. ceedingly. ToMIDA. 40.8. Locality:. and. Y.. and. 6. HorL'zon. occulusal. 冗. OTSUIくA. SHIKAMA,. Cho-chen. (Ch61tin).. Precisely. unknown.. 9.5±. mm.

(19) Fossil. Specimen. 22.. No.. 8.. DGNTU-FV of horizontal symphysial. of. with. portion. 173mm. portion. Molar. is fully. wall. anterior. broken.. not. thin. two. are. ramus. A. wide.. anterior. at. middle. is subquadrate witb丘nely Fourth is also ridge elongate enamel is. wall. of 3. composed. run. discs. and anterio-inner disc is subtrigonal arrangement. ridge. one. while median 3 dentine discs of. of is smallest,. Ridge. runs. is. to. and. subquadrate. frequency. 5.5/100. Ridge. at. 41.8. 8.4. 3. 59.0. 15.0. 33.7±. 4. 64.5. 15.0. 33.9. 5. 62.7. 16.1. 36.2. 6. 56.2. 14.9. 34. 9. 7. 42.0. ll.0. 33.0. Precisely. unknown.. Horizon. :. Precisely. unknown.. pp. 1929,. Loxodonta Rep.. 1938.. 12,. 13,figs.. Univ.,. namadicus. Univ.,. 526-556,. ser.. B,. 1,. 2,. pls.. namadica ser.. 2,. pis.. Seventh. element. at. median. portion.. 15,. (1),. 1-22.. 1924). S°i. Kyoto 16,fig.. Univ.,. Imp.. ser.. B,. 1. (2),. 1.. MA'rSUMOTO.. (MAKIYAMA),. naumanni. 13. (MAKIYAMA),. 3-13,. abnormal. 4-5). Coll.. MAKIYAMA, naumanni 14 (1), pp. 40-54,丘gs.. nau甲anni text･丘gs.. 6, Figs.. Mem.. (Palaeoloxodon). Palaeoloxodon pp.. pis.. (MAKIYAMA,. naumanni. MAKIYAMA.. T6hokulmp.. ElePhas lmp.. 1972･. 255-264,. Such. 10.3. (Pl. naumanni. Outer. Posterio-inner. fI. W. 2. :. is. ridge. surface.. grinding. TL. outer. discs.. 21.2±. Locality. ElePhas. wall. ones. ones.. undulated.. of patbologlC is undulated. ends;. straight.. outer. and Sixth. and. 1. Palaeoloxodon. 1924.. kind. a. enamel. mm. inner. anterio-inner. is. but. portion; median disc dentine and. margln.. slightly. and. lateral. at. ones;. posterio-inner and. outer. dues. probably. to. oblique. exposed. both end. both. Enamel. wide.. inner. twisted. inner. and. are. irregularly. outer. and. subquadrate. jointed with. discs. ridge. median. at. walls;. runs. runs. of anterio-inner,. are. and. but. mm. ridges. broken. enamel. Fifth. inner,. is. ridge. subquadrate. of. height. middle. anteriorly. 69.2. and. Sevell. portion). Third. crenulated.. corners. at. projected. long. mm. crenulated. straight. composed. 134.3. broken.. it. is血ely. in outline,. undulated,. (2.4mm. is visible. molar.. subtrigonal. gently largely. foramen. small. the. of. exposed,. are. margins. is. in situ. Jaw is preserved second molar in situ. Ascending ramus is largely and Bone is yellowish brown brown sandand is thick, broad, 284mm short long, and. molar. second. 144mm. anterior. 55. (ⅠⅠ). jaw with. Horizontal. highand. lateral. lower. is partly. is attached.. stone. Taiwan. from. (Pl. 6,丘g. 3) Left. ramus. Proboscidea. pl. 1,丘g.. 1,. pl.. MAKIYAMA.. 3,丘g.. Hem.. Sci.. 1.. Coll.. Sci.. Kyoto. 22-31. HASEGAWA･. Bull･. Nat･. Sci･ Mus･,. 15. (3),.

(20) described:. Specimen 1973. No.. in trawling鮎heries,. Description: by. attached is seen also. on. preserved. shells. on. of valleys. portion. along. on. border,. view, margin. inner and undulated 20 ridges･ On occulusal. rying. 2 mammillae is. bent. for. surface 45o ; all ridges than. one;. aft. bent. Hu-ching-hs也. at. ones. milky. an. in. oval. Some. are. to yellowish bentbic. marine. in. 330mm. surface,. maxi-. In. height.. maximum. with. broad. crown. outer. straight. relatively. fore. and. an. make. is exposed. wall. with. disc ; occulusal. occulusal. angle. more. of. widely. surface.. in crown broken and irregularly fore margln is obtusely projected view anteriorly and undulated; foreward dentine islet is very broad, subtriangular smooth, gently sloped and. First. in. strongly. curved,. third. of. ridge. wall. inner. enamel. wall. triangular. straigbtly. half. outer. and. outward. at. ridge. is. moderate. hence. ridge,. second. in. fore. (2.8mm. Dentine enamel. and. view. enamel. wall. is. are. wall. ridges. half);. aft. elongate. 'sub-. subcircular. and. is. surface. occulusal. wall. projected. of inner. islet. occulusal. crown. fore. with. median. thick. of. its succeeding. and. contact. and. of ends Inner border. outward.. extending. concave. is. is in close. edge. portion.. fourth. to. sharp. a. retaining. central. wall is relatively is finely crenulated.. enamel. inner. Both. at. oblique. half. expansion. outer. of. of. runs. almost. ground,. anteriorly. second. view,. surface. is much. wall. convex. ridge;皿eSial Anterior. anteriorly. enamel. enamel. much. crown. its aft. and. low,. Posterior. outline.. In. is very. ridge. its anterior. borders. both. enamel. of 50o. of dentine. area. the. and. angle. is brown. white. on. fragments. bone. cement. attached. exposing. backward. Some. trigonal in outline, carview tooth ll ridges are llth exposed ; ridge consists worn, lst ridge tolerably as especially. margln. make. ridges. August,. lateral. surface. worn,. and. 228mm. In. one.. proximal. are. and are. and. preceding. is exceedingly. preserved. (CtiI TÅN). side.. Bone. is elongate. surface. its. and. outer. of. side.. outer. proximal. of occulusal. in. gained. being in preservation; perfect it; very few grey coarse sandstone. almost. of sediments. disc. of. large,. very. attaching. length. mum. molar,. CEEN. CHIH. to. ToMIDA. third. upper. enamel wall is black, grey while Serpula, Ostrea Anomia as and. brown,. Y.. and. (Ma-kong-tin).. Tooth. proximal. Left. belonged. little amount. a. OTSUKA. 14.. Ma-kung-cben. (Hu-chien-su),. IL. SI寸IKAMA,. T.. 56. distinctly twisted. surface. inward. Third Enamel at. a. wall丘nely a. portion are. wall. and. obtusely. than. Fifth elongate. both. is. alike runs. wall. ridges. oval. with. acutely. run. parallel. to. are. in. third. one. and. straigbtly. alike. other;. end to. anterior. inner. in. other. ends. posterior. inner. and enamel. to. of. anterior. half･ but. outline wall. outline.. anteriorly. halves. is. crenulated;. is subcircular each. at. general. isfinelly. wall. projected outer. and. to. projected each. moderately. inner. curved. erlamel ridge; is disappeared outer and. sixth. wall. line;. in. subtrigonal. is †IIOderately. in third. and. ridges. wall. rather. its posterior. wall. enamel. Aft. median. elongate. and. anterior. and. than. curved.. ridge. elongate. posteriorly. crenulated. little inner. gently. Fourth. inclined. curved inner. more more. end. of. subtriangular.. general. subcircular has wall. outline, outer some. much. ends; small.

(21) Fossil. projections; are. as. almost. tolerably. and. anterior. a. at. and. islets. islets and. circular;. inner. sinus. outline. lateral. In. 如e. are. ridges distant from 4-6. lOOmm. anteriorly mm. ;. narrow. very. cren-. seems. inner. and. and. ridge. ridge. view,. is. largest. is. composed. are. ridges. relatively. broad,. not. to. on. from. seventh. of. and. outer. and median. less. or. inner. ninth. of ninth. one. outer. ridge;. (more. posterior. outer. of. of 4 islets;. thick. seen. inner. and. are. wall. ninth. relatively. islet. sinus. one. oblique is. 2･4mm) corner. ridge are. ridge. of. is. sub-. tolerably. subquadrate･. 6 mammillae. of about. mammilla. Eleventh. smallest.. ridge;. enamel. is. wall. second. of eighth. of. and. projection. is composed. ridge. innermost. in. median. median. 2 longitudinal. running. and enamel. distinct. a. ends. Tenth. rate. anterior. by. of 3 islets. posteriorward. islet of eighth outer. divided. are. ridges. curved;. much. wide;. between. Junction. line. wall is丘nely Dentine disc. is lanceolate･. one a. than. its. but. one,. becomes. of ridge. well. thick･. outer. little･ Enamel. a. is. there. and. is composed. turn. largest;. are. median. the. ninth. ridge. eighth. inner. outer. are. sixth. l･6mm. preceding. somewhat. corner. outer. and. the. to. third is. ridge. with. portion. foreward. projects. from. valleys. and丘fth. projection.. Eighth inner;. half ;. outer. 3 islets. into. divided. islets. at. subquadrate. end. at. posteriorly. partially. inner. be. generally. convex. concave. wall. ulated, to. is. wall. wall parallel. fourth. Third,. of 5th. 57. (ⅠⅠ). Ridges. ridges.. Enamel. other･ runs. Taiwan. from. crenulated･. fourth-丘fth. as. wide. from each separated seventh ridge posterior. is触ely. wall. enamel. Proboscidea. turning. and of. so. one. much. disc. enamel. nor. curved. one. of oblong. undulated; or. worn. outermost. posteriorly;. short. distally'more. expanded. largely. are. which. less. quad-. posterior. undulated frequency. At. and is. and is. stlrface, occulusal ridge proximally･ 6･5 4 at portion (anteriorly and posteriorly 6), also proximal is l･6-2 is very血e and enamel 7 posteriorly･ Enamel plication. other. each. thick. TL. Ii. W. Ridge. 0. 1. 69.6. 38.1. 2. 73.0. 18.1. 3. 77.4. 16.4. 113.3. 4. 84.. 13.0. 122.. 1. 104.. 3. 5. 88. 2. 12.8. 145.. 2. 122.. 1. 6. 89.0. 13.1. 162.4. 135.. 0. 7. 88. 1. 10.1. 181.1. 143.2. 8. 86.6. 10.2. 201.6. 178.. 9. 72.0. 9.2. 213.3. 192.8. 10. 57.8. 7.8. 223.. ll. 24. 7. 6.7. 6. 98. 7 106.9. 5. 0 ±. 206.. 5 ＋ 3. 222. 8. 222.. 12. 224±. 221.2. 13. 215±. 208±. 14. 198±. 193±. 15. 176±. 177±. 16. 165±. 156±. ±.

(22) T.. 58. SIIIKAMA,. Ⅱ. OTSUKA. Y.. and. 17. 151±. 124±. 18. 137±. 122±. 19. 106±. 112±. 20. 88±. 94±. Q-100×11/231=4.7 K-224/89.. Locality:. ToMIDA. sea. floor off. W-39%′H. 1-2.. 5. H=2.5W. of Ho-tie. coast. north. Islet, Pen-hu. Islands,. Taiwan. Strait. Horizon:. Precisely. unknown,. Late. probably. Wtirmian.. I.iteratures E･?. AGUIRRE･. 1969･. Evolutionary. Elephantidae. of. Science,. based. 164,. 241 CIIANG,. M･. Pygmy. of. G･. HooりER,. and. Stegodonts. Tentative. A. Quantitative. and. Phylogeny. Analysis. is. given.. D.A.,. lsland. to. 1973.. Arc. Relation. Migrations. of Pleistocene. in. Tectonics. Eastern. lndonesia.. Nature,. (5386). E.C.,. 1964.. cussion 8. M.M.,. CoLBERT). On. E･H･. Chinese. Fissures Y･,. 1972･ Late. the. D.,. The. Nat.. OTSUIくA, Island･. Elephants. Sci.. 15. NoHARA, and Nat. Sci. Mus.,. I･, 1930･. On. Nat.. from Hist.,. naumanni. Shodoshima. ls･ in. Limestone. the. 102. (1). (MAKIYAMA) Seto. lnland. Sea,. (3). T･,. Fossil. 1973-. from. Vertebrates. Miyako. the. 6.. Occurrence. the. (2).. Palaeoloxodon. o庁Shakagabana, Mus.,. 6. Mammals. 出us.. Amer.. Elephant,. Il･. Mem.. Pleistocene. Bnll.. Naumann's. Palas.,. Vert.. 1953.. China.. Pleistocene. Bull.. HAYASAKA,. Stegodonts.. HooりER, and of Szecbwan,. Japan･. Some. of. Diswith of China, Vert. of China.. namadicus. Pleistocene. Peking; Discussion from with of Palaeoloxodon Acta Group Pal. Sin., 5 (2). of China. of namadicus Yunnan, Early Pleistocene Mammals with of Cbaotung,. 1962.. R･J･,. Some. on. from. Palaeoloxodon. of. Mandible. a. Elephants. ZI仏Ⅰ,. HASEGAWA,. Material. (3).. Fossil. and Notes. New. Classi丘cation. 1957.. the. on. On. the. on. Palas･, CHOW,. Elephant･. the. 1366-1376.. pp.. AuDLEY-CI仏RLES〉. History of Morpbological. on. of. Stegodon. Stegodon. from. in. Taiwan.. Geol.. Jour,. Soc.. Jap.,. 37(438). 1930･. Second. 1932･. Note. Shinka･gun,. the. Fossil. teeth)･ 1942. Summary･. Pleistocene. diskodon･celebochoerus. 1972･ SAR7､oNO Proc･, HopwooD,. T･,. IKEBE,. N･, in. IKEBE,. from. the N･,. B,. ser･. 1935･. CHIJr, Kinki. IwATSU,. M.. 13. Zool.. trigonocephalus Pleistocene. the 75. Tainan. (Occurrence. Remains. Rhinocerid. of. of. in. Taiwan. A. :. Preliminary. (4). from. Vertebrates. Fauna.. Stegodon. 1.. Sachin-Syo,. in. 3.. District,. Mammalian. of. Cbigaku-kiji,. 1972.. of. Chigaku-kiji,. 3.. Occurrence. the Taiwan. D. A.,. Sbinka. Taiwan Mammals. Fossil. Cbigaku･kiji,. from. Chigaku･kiji,. On. Taichu.. Occurrence. of Taiwan. Mammal. Taiwan. the. on. Mode. Tainan-Syu.. 1932･. 11ooりER,. Note on. Celebes. Meded.. and. Additions. Stegodon. and. Timor.. °eel.,. Leiden,. HooIJER. jlorensis Flores. XIV.. Rijksmus. Kon.. Neded.. to. Archi_. 46. (1).. timorensis. Akad.. Wetens.. (1). Fossil. and District,. J･. and. from. Proboscidea IsHIDA,. Japan･ TAKENAKA,. S.,. 1966.. Jour･. China.. Catalogue Geosci･. ∫.,1970.. Pal. of. Osaka. Sin.,. the. City. Quaternary. Late. ser.. 9. C,. Univ., Geology. 9. (3). Proboscidea. Cenozoic. (3). of. Osaka. with.

(23) Reference. special IMAMURA) cervid EAMEI,. 1964･. T., Kyushu,. Horizon. S･, 1941･. Note. Chigaku-kiji,. 1933･. MAAREL,. MAGLIO,. 63. MAKIYAMA,. Geology. MATSUMOTO,. On. 1918. Rep.. sci. 31. 1926･. On. Mammalian. Fossil. Fauna. Sahama,. Sci･. Univ.,. B,. ser,･. Locality. Fossil. from. Mammals. 14. (1)･. in. Taikei,. Sci･. China･. Sze-chuan,. 2,. ser･. 3. Fossil. from. Elephant. S°i. Rep.. Elephants.. Tomuro,. Mt･. Prov･. Kaga･. Soc･. Tokyo,. Jour･ Geol･. Japan.. in. in. 1939.. On. MATSUMOTO. mammonieus S°i.. Nat. T.. NoBARA, Jlma.. H.F･,. OTSUKA?. H･, Group. 1969.. Y･, lsland,. 1966･. Japan.. Mus･,. 6･. An. Soc. Rep･. the Proc.. and. CAUTLEY). from. Province. (1)I of. Mag･. Kazusa,. (Tokyo),. Subspecies. of. Town,. Shiga. 51. (10)･. Archidiskodon. ParaBull･. of Omi･. Province. Fossils. Japリ72. from. Kyan,. Okinawa-. Fac･. and. Correlation. of. the. Kuchinotsu. (10)I Fauna Sci･. Acad･,. from. Kagoshima. Horizon. stratigraphical Imp･. Tooth. Elephantoid. 21. Vertebrate. 3-5･. On. Ono,. at. (1)･. Province Zool･. Earlier. DescentlOf. the. on. (FALCONER. 2, 13. ser･. Geological. Structure,. Geologic. Pleistocene Pts･. 1973･. Proboscidea,. Jour. Geol.. 1941･. Y･, Sci･. Nat･. Rep･. 45.. EASEGAWA,. 1942･. New. a. Discovered. Tokyo,. Mus.. and Mem･. OSBORN,. Kyushu･. On. Bearing. namadicus. Localities･. other. and E･, 1959･. Sci･. ProvinceofKazusa･. 2, 13. ser･. from. Elephants. from. OzAKI,. Univ･,. lmp･ロniv･,. T6hoku. its. and. lmp･. Fossil. the. (1)･. (Palaeoloxodon). Some. Shim｡tsuke, and. 10. Tohoku. S°i. Rep.. Japan.. -,. from. MATSUMOTO. Loxodonta. On. 1929.. 2,. Rep･. (2).. Elephants. Mammoth. ser.. Coll･. Mem･. T6tomi･. 36･. on. Parastegodon. On. 1929.. Soc.,. Phil･. Amer･. Univ･,. Kyoto. Mammalian. Fossil. Univ., Note. TransI. (1)･. Archetypal. the. lmp.. Tohoku. OTSUKA,. 13･. Taiwanica,. (371, 372)･･,. ｡f. 2, 3. Imp.. 1･ Taiwan. No･. (1, 2)･. 14. of the. from. Coll･ the. Fossil. Archetypal. Preliminary. Sci･. (2)･ on. Jap.,. Some ser.. T6hoku. 1924.. ,. 1. Mem･. Soc.. New. a. Fac･. Mem･. Taiwan,. Quart･. Elephantidae･. the. Elephant. Report. On. Univ.,. lmp.. T6bokn. B,. ser･. Detailed. fI., 1915･. For-. Pleistocene. and. Taiwan･. Geol･. Acta. of. Fossil. a. on. ユour. Geol.. Taiwan.. Taiwan･. 15･. Proboscidea･. 1929･. in. Fossils. Taiwan,. i(nowledge. the. Evolution. and. Univ.,. Japonic. T･,. MAKIYAMA,. to. Meded.,. Notes. Imp.. 1938.. Stud･ Stud･. Taiwan･. of. (3).. Kyoto. sci.. Rep･. Misc･. Contribution. ∫.,1924.. JavasI. 13･. Historico-Geographical. Wetens. of Java. V.? 1973･ Origin. Taiwan. Wirbeltiere. Tertiary. Prefecture,. Taityu. in Taiwan･. Holocene. F.ロリ1932･. n.s.,. in. Mammalian. of. Younger. the. on. District,. Univ･,. Rep.. or. 1969.. -,. Tainan-syu･. Fossilen. der. 5･. Tsukumo･Chigaku,. Mammals. Occurrence. of. Studies. Toyobara lmp.. shian. w｡n. of theAriakeBay,. 4.. Quaternary. 1963.. Kusumi･. Bottom. lsland･. Miyako. Kenntnis. zur. Mode. Stratigraphical. of mations Agr. Taiboku. Pub･. (4)･. Elephant,. (1). the. on. the. 62･. Fossil. of. Beitrage. 1933･ 23. Note. 1935.. in. Fossil. Occurrence. the. Res.,. Nat･. Inst･. Elephant. the. Chigaku-kiji,. Taiwan. Res･. from. Sea. 13. Univ･, Fossil. of. (4).. Meded.,. Wetens.. Rep･. on. G.H.R･,. C.C･,. Fossils. Proboscidean. of. 12. Western. the. Misc･. Japan･. KoENIGSWALD, LIN,. Some. On. 1970.. KANEKO,. in. Molluscs. and. City. Osaka. and Paleogeography Setonaikai. Jub･. Stratigrapby. Distribution,. S･, 1974･. 59. (ⅠⅠ). Geosci･. Jour･. Subsidence･. Land. to. Taiwan. from. Proboscidea. F｡ssil. 17. (2)･. the. Kuchinotsu. Univ･, of. ElePhas. Group. of. West. 2･ from. Miyako. ls･, Ryakya.

(24) 60. T･. OwEN,. 1870･. R･, Soc.. SAITO,. 26.. 1927･. Mammalian. T･,. Proc･. 1936･. Imp･ 1936･. On. 1937･. Study. Saito. (Formosa)･ in. On. Univ.,. F･,. (514). Animals. and. Proboscidea. from. Japan.. from. Nat･. from. Some. Consider-. Tentative. Mancbリ6.. Mus･. Hiroshima. 2,. ser.. (1). Vicinity,. and. Taiwan. Prefectures.. Yamagucbi. and. 12.. Tsochin,. Taiwan.. Southwestern. Sci.. Rep.. Yoko-. 1958.. Elephant. an. found. 2,. ser.. Quaternary. District,. lkebukuro. at. Tokyo.. Station,. 16. Cave. Fissure. and Prefecture.. Yamaguchi. Deposits. Sci.. Rep.. their. and. Yokohama. Nat.. 2, 7.. 1936･. On. Prefecture,. Land its. and New. a. Japan･. 1936･. 1971･. E･, Kyushu. the. of. District.. 2, 19.. G･,. OTSロKA,. and. Fossil. Proc.. bridge. Sea. Elephant. Imp.. Fossil. Elephants. from. Fossil. Elephants. from. East. the. of. neighbouring. Tokyo,. Tiba. Prefecture,. Geological. Sea.. Pro-. Area. Okubo-mura,. from. Acad.,. China. 12. Akashi･gun,. Hyogo. (1). Japan･. Jap. Jour. Geol.. Geogr.,. (3-4). 1941･. kou･ TAN,. Univ･,. Crocodilia. Akiyoshi. ser.. blems. (3).. Southwestern. 2, 19. ser.. Cent･. Teeth. Nat･. UnivリSer･. in. 43. Plants. Tainan,. near. Japan. Bu11･. Elephant. OKAFUJI,. and Fossils. 13. in. KANNO, S･, 1970･ On and Yokobama Rep･ Nat･口niv･,. Sci･. Tokyo,. Fossil. of. lmp.口niv.,. Problems. Some. Fossil. Nat･. Syatin. of. T6hoku. Yokobama. 1972･ hama. 35. Akashi. the. akashiensis.. Literatures. and. Palaeomammalogy･. Rep･. Soc.. Geol.. Jour.. of Parastegodon. Cervifauna Rep･. Sci･. 1965･ Sci･. Tokyo,. from. 122.. Pleistocene. at′ions. Jour. Geol.. Quart.. Geogr･. TAIくAI. akashiensis. Localities. Jiho,. Fossil. 1943･. Jour･. China.. (8). Ho-On-Kai 19371. Taiwan･. in. (1).. Skulls. the. ToMIDA. found. Parastegodon･. Genus. Specimens,. 1937･. from. 12. Y.. and. Mammals. of. Fossil. of. OTSUKA. Parastegodon. on. Tokyo,. the. 5. H.. Remains. Note. Acad･,. (Tokyo),. TAKAI). Fossil. On. London,. H･,. SI-IKAMA,. SliIKAMA,. Bull･. K.,. Geol･. 1933･. Inst･. New. the Hao･Kang. Mancb.,. Localities. Pei-Piao. and. Coaトfields,. Manchou-. 101.. Mammalian. of. Fossils. in. Taiwan.. Taiwan. Chigaku-. kiji,4. 1939･. ･. Fossils. Taiwan), TEIl-HARD. 7. CfiARDIN,. DE. P･. Sbansi･. eastern ToKUNAGA,. Sachin-Syo,. of. Kagaku. Tainan･Syu.. Taiwan. no. in. (Science. (4). Pall. S･, 19361. TlミASSAERT,. and. Sin･,. Discovery. of. M,,. C,. ser.. 13. 1937.. The. Proboscidians. of. South-. (1).. Fossil. Crocodile. in. Japan.. Jour.. Geol.. Soc.. Jap.,. 43(513). A. '1940･. Ryukyu and the ToRII,. K･,. TAKAI･. 1932･. Tリ1928･ tbe. Locality･. 1939･. lslands,. Study. 609,. Taiwan. Elephant. Jour･. Geogr.. in. Imp.. Tokyo,. Teeth Tokyo,. Acad.. Metacervulus. of. Trans･. of Geological no.. Fossil. A. Discovered. Proc.. Japan･. Report. Sbuppan. Tooth. Japan･. F.,. Ryukyu. kyoku YAGI,. Elephant. Fossil. Archipelago,. Biogeogr.. Survey. in. the. Miyakojima, 16. Sinka. Jap.,. of. the. (3). astylodon Soc.. lsland. an. from. (MATSUMOTO). 3.. Oilfleld,. Tainan.. Syokusan-. S6tokubu. from 40. Hatsuga. (472).. in. Shinano. and. the. Geology. of.

(25) Fossil. Proboscidea. from. Locality. Taiwan. 61. (ⅠⅠ). Name. (Taiwanese) Chai.1iao. Chhai_1iaa. Ch占ng-shan-chdn. Ting･san･cbhun. 菜寮澄山村. Cho_chen. Ch6.tin. 左. 鋲. Ch6.ch血. Chhau-khtlt. 臭. 屈. Bin-hua. Sin_hha. 新. Hin.zh血. Sin_cbu. 新虎関. 化竹. ･. Ho-tie Kuan-miao. Kuan-bib. Ma･kung･cben. Ma-kong-tin. Nan.tod.hsien. 井廟. 席公鎮南投県牛糞坑. Niu-shih-k占ng. G缶_sai.khen. Niu_sbih_shui. G缶.chiah_ch丘i. 牛食水潜湖. San-chdng-hsi. San-tさng･khe. 三重深. San･pao. Soan-pJa. Shui-ching-tzu. Chui_chin_a. 山豹水井子. Sui･1iu-tung. Chui･1au-tang. Ta.hsi. T6a.kbe. Ta-keng. T6a,khen. Ta･keng･wei. T6a.khen_b6e. Ta主.chum.bsien. Tai-tiong-kuan. Peng-bu. 大坑尾台中県. 台南県. Tai-nan-hsien Tai･tiong-hsien. Tiるn･iang. Chhan.ia. Wan-tan. Uan.tim. Wu･cban-btl. 0.cbian-6. Yen_shui_hsi. Kian_chui_khe. Nibowan. 水流東大渓大坑. 台東県田羊. 湾滞烏占湖塩水渓泥河湾門. Sanmen. 三. Sbansi. 山准. 西. 西石. 表. ltoman. 糸. 満. Kuchinotsu. 口/拷喜星武宮古津久見与那国. Ⅵ｢eiho lriomote lsbigaki. Kyan Miyako Tsukumi Yonaguni. 河垣.

(26) 62. T.. SHIKAMA,. I.. OTSUKA. and. Formation. Y.. ToMIDA. Name. (Chinese) Byoritsll. Miまo_1i. 甫. Kaenzan. Hu6･yan-sham. Kicho. Chi-ting. 火炎山崎頂. Koteiko. Ku-ting･k6ng. Mokusaku. Mu.zhえ. 古事坑木棚. Naisaku. N占i_zha. 内. Syokkozan. Ch丘,k6u.shan. 燭口山. 栗. 棚. Taiko. Ta･keng. 大. Takuran. Cho.lan. T6kazan. To丘_k6u.shan. 卓蘭頭萩山. Ts缶sh6. Tun畠･hsiao. 通. Cbung-1i. 中権店子湖. Tien_tzu_hu Yu.she Age. Akasbi lsa Kakiu Matsugae Sanuki. 番. 橡奄. 社芸. 明伊. 石佐生生. 柿幕松. Kuzu也. 坑. 枝. 佐貫梅ケ瀬. ロmegase. Persolt!s. Name. (Taiwanese) C日EN,. CIIAトTIAN. TÅN,. C甘AトTIiÅAN. CHEN,. CHIrI. TAN,. CHI. CHEN,. CIIUNIMuE. TAN,. C11UN･BoK. CflIANG, YEN,. KIEN-PuEI T.P.. Go,. KEN, Kuo,. TE･LIN. KoEH,. S.P. M.C. TEE-UNG. L‥N, C.C.. PAN, Su,. So,. Ts古NG･MING. T6,. Tu, KANEKO,. S.. KoKUBU,. R.. MATSロBARA, SATO,. PHOA,. CHÅNG･Wu MリーSHU. A.. D.. S壬oNG･B古 BoK･CI一口IO CIlr10NG-M宜NG. 陳再伝陳志. 陳春木江金培顔槍波呉秀花簡明財郭徳輪林朝来涛常武蘇木樹杜聡明金子寿衛男国分廉二松原稔吉佐藤明.

(27) Explanation Figs.. i-3.. Stegodon 23,. No.. 1: Occulu.sal Figs.. No. 4:. Figs.. Stegodon. 4-5.. 6-7. No. 6:. 9.. side. 10,. side. Stegodon. Right. 2:. xO.54.. Right 5:. (Parastegodon). 25, DGNTU-FV Occulusal. xO.52.. (Parastegodon). 24, DGNT-U-FV Occulusal. side. 1. OwEN. sinensis. DGNTU-FV. Plate. of. ll.. xO.50.. Right 7:. upper. Inner. third side. molar.. upper. second side. side. xO.52.. third. molar｡. molar.. xO.51.. (MATSUMOTO) jaw fragment. aurorae. lower Inner. Outer. (TAKAI). akashiensis. Outer. 3:. xO.57.. side. xO.45.. with.

(28) T.. SHIKAMA,. Y.. ToMITA. and. 班. OTStJKA. Sec.. 7. ⅠⅠ,Plate. 1.

(29) Explanation Figs･ト6･. ElePhas. 1,2:. No. 1: 3:. hysudricus. 15, DGNTU-FV Occulusal No.. 4,5:. No.. 7. No.. 2: 2.. 2. (MATSUMOTO) lower. Outer. Right. third. molar.. side xO.50. lower third molar.. xO.52. 3.. Left. lower third molar. 5: Outer side xO.55. side xO.54. 6: No. 18, DGNTローFV 4. Left lower third molar. Occulusal side xO.52.. 4:. Fig.. side 17, DGNTU-FV. Right. xO.50.. 16, DGNTU-FV. Occulusal. Plate. 9aramammonteus 1.. side. of. Occulusal. Mammuthus. armeniacus. 1, Right. Occulusal. upper. side. jaw. xO.73.. taiwanicus with. second. subsp. molar.. nov..

(30) T.. SHIKAMA,. Y.. ToMITA. and. H.. OTSUKA. Sec.. ⅠⅠ, Plate. 2.

(31) lkplanation Mammuthus Figs.ト3.. armeniacus No.. 1: Occulusal. 8. taiwanicus. (Holotype). side. xO.51.. subsp.. Right 2:. lower Inner. of. Plate. 3. with. third. nov.. jaw side. xO.42.. 3:. molar･ Outer side. xO.42..


(33) Explanation Mammuthus 1,2.. Figs.. 3,4.. armeniacus No. 2, Right. Figs.. 1: Inner No.. 3:. Right. 4:. Left. side. taiwanicus. xO.46.. u･pper. 2:. subsp.. Plate. of. 4. nov.. molar･ second Occulusal side. xO.53.. 3.. lower lower. DM jaw with jaw with DM. 1 2. (?). (?).. Inner Occulusal. side. xO･38･ side. xO･38･.

(34) T.. StIIKAMA,. Y.. ToMITA. and. H.. OTSUKA. Sec.. ⅠⅠ, Plate. 4.

(35) Explanation Mammuihus Fig.. 1.. No.. armeniacus 6, Right. Occulusal Fig.. 2.. No.. side 5, Right. Occulusal Figs.. 3. Fig.. No.. 3,4.. 5.. :. taiwanicus lower xO.5. lowe. jaw jaw. side xO.48. ll, Left upper. of. with third. third DM. 5. nov.. subsp. with. Plate. molar.. 1, DM2and. DM3.. molar.. Occulusal No.. Occulusal. 4: Inner xO.49. side side xO.49. 21, DGNTローFV 7. Right lower jaw with side. xO.50.. third. molar..


(37) Explanation Figs.. 1-3. 1,2:. Mammuthus No. 1: 3:. Figs.. 4,5. No. 4:. armeniacus 6, 20, DGNTU-FV. of. taiu)anicus Right. lower. Plate subsp.. 6. nov.. third. molar. 2: Outer side xO.52. side xO.52. 8. No. 22, DGNTローFV Left lower jaw with second Occulusal side xO.40. Occulusal. Palaeoloxodon 14.. Left. Inner. side. upper. xO.34.. naumanni third 5:. (MAKIYAMA). molar. Occulusal. side. xO.47.. molar..


(39)