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Polite and Honorific Forms

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(1)

Polite Forms 丁寧体 -yabi-

聞こえ す

終止 Final

連体 Adnominal

尾略 Bare

現在 Present

か やび ん

chikari-yabi-i-n

か やび

chikari-yabi-i-ru

か やび

chikari-yabi-i

し っ

Witnessed Past

か やび ん

chikari-yabi-ita-n

か やび

chikari-yabi-ita-ru

か やび

chikari-yabi-ita

過去 Past

か やび ん

chikari-yabi-ta-n

か やび

chikari-yabi-ta-ru

か やび

chikari-yabi-ta 現在進行

Present Progressive

かっ いび

chikatt-oo-ibi-i-n

かっ いび

chikatt-oo-ibi-i-ru

かっ いび

chikatt-oo-ibi-i 過去進行

Past Progressive

かっ いび

chikatt-oo-ibi-ita-n

かっ いび

chikatt-oo-ibi-ita-ru

かっ いび

chikatt-oo-ibi-ita

否定 現在

Negative

か やび ん

chikari-yabi-ran

か やび ん

chikari-yabi-ran

か やび ん

chikari-yabi-ran 過去否定

Past Negative

やび

chikari-yabi-ran-ta-n

やび

chikari-yabi-ran-ta-ru

やび

chikari-yabi-ran-ta

For many speakers, yabi gets reduced to abi, or ibi, especially with verbs whose root ends in a consonant:

飲 す

終止 Final

連体 Adnominal

尾略 Bare

現在 Present

ぬ び ん

num-abi-i-n

し っ

Witnessed Past

過去 Past

ぬ び ん

num-abi-ita-n

現在進行

Present Progressive

いび

nud-oo-ibi-ita-n

過去進行 Past Progressive

否定 現在

Negative

ぬ び ん

num-abi-ran

過去否定 Past Negative

Exercise: Fill in the above chart with the correct forms

(2)

The copula やん

終止 Final

連体 Adnominal

尾略 Bare

現在 Present

やん ya-n

や ya-ru

や ya

し っ

Witnessed Past

--

-- ---

過去 Past

や ん ya-ta-n

ya-ta-ru

や ya-ta 現在進行

Present Progressive

-- -- --

過去進行 Past Progressive

-- -- --

否定 現在

Negative

あ ん ar-an

あ ん ar-an

あ ん ar-an 過去否定

Past Negative

あ ん ん

ar-an-ta-n

あ ん

ar-an-ta-ru

あ ん

ar-an-ta

終止 Final

連体 Adnominal

尾略 Bare

現在 Present

やいび ん

ya-ibi-i-n

やいび

ya-ibi-i-ru

やいび

ya-ibi-i

し っ

Witnessed Past

--

-- ---

過去 Past

やいび ん

ya-ibi-i-n

やいび

ya-ibi-i-ru

やいび

ya-ibi-i 現在進行

Present Progressive

-- -- --

過去進行 Past Progressive

-- -- --

否定 現在

Negative

あいび ん

a-ibi-ran

あいび ん

a-ibi-ran

あいび ん

a-ibi-ran 過去否定

Past Negative

あいび ん ん

a-ibi-ran-ta-n

あいび ん

a-ibi-ran-ta-ru

あいび ん

a-ibi-ran-ta

参照

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