Akita mimetic GO verbs 20180330

Mimetic'‘go’,verbs'

in'Japanese

Kimi$Akita

Nagoya&University&

1Ûù¶çńơÚ©²™ˆ$

3/30/2018

Topic

a.

ǗÀÌa¬Wju_ȂĜY#)/

´

3"/*–

Lżdž:=;<NYIˆ€&®_[iÎç

LQZ

0'0'

^?\`!!

$

(

ž­w&±²ÕǫÕȁęĆ

$

ƒĚúĒŗĶ× ’Œy²

)$

b.

‡«[

š&®[b>ofQu

$

(

¼Ö

)$

c.

Ýßb

fNU

$

(

™‹‚²’¬®¾šƑ䄣&’µě

)$$

d.

$

1+$4

WjXZåď

3

ƥÓVXZL

$

(REALIZE$AGAIN)$

$

(Tsukuba$Web$Corpus$on$NLT;$emphasis$added)

(1)

Points

•

Constructional'polysemy'

of$mimetic$‘go’N

verbs$in$colloquial$Japanese$

•

SemanticsN

morphosyntax

$correlation$

•

Implications$for$mimetic$

typology'

Roadmap

1)

Mimetic$light$verbs$

2)

Mimetic$‘go’Nverbs$

3)

Discussion$

4)

Conclusions

1.'MIMETIC'LIGHT'VERBS

Mimetic$verbs$across$languages

•

Light/dummy$verbs$for$mimetics$

– ‘do’,$‘say’,$‘quote’,$‘think’,$‘make’,$‘give’,$‘go’,$‘fall’,$‘be’,$ etc.$(Childs$1994:$187N188;$Franco$2017;$Haiman$2018:$Ch.$6)$

(2)$a. $

kúnd2étt2íyo &

&

t’úl

u&g

2aási&

(intransitive)$

$

$fallN

N

.

$

Nsay

N1

.

$

$

$‘

Ŷb

$[

y|¬xŒŚaĽŧ[

]$

ŁWU

’$

$b. $

guútta

&moóre

&

ašo &

&

&

cácácácáca

&

$

$little $

$fat$

$

$meat.

$

$

$

$

$

oott

2ádá

$

tamá2n

$

t’iit’t’2aásu&

(transitive)$

$

$

do

N

.

.

$fireN

$roastN3

.

.

$

$

$‘

ƲČbǺőaĎ?ĺNaǘtƠ[ȑXU

’$

Mimetic$‘go’Nverbs

•

qáw&qáw&

qay

&

ve&

‘to$

go

$bowNbow’$(Lahu,$SinoN

Tibetan;$Matisoff$1994:$120)$

•

It&{

goes

/

went

}&ping.&

(English;$Rhodes$1994:$

281;$see$also$Butters$1980;$Schourup$1982;$

Sakita$2001)

$

Japanese

–(Kageyama$2007)ǐƬD…±…±NU$

$(*…±…±ǐƬDNUǐƬb…±…±PnN^CXU)$

–  (ȅ$1994)Saāb†€­EU$

$(*†€­SaābEUSaāb†€­bEU)$

– (ȅ$1993)ūŤb€¬\^XU$

$(*€¬\Ƈb^XUƇb€¬\b^XU)$

– (Toratani$2015)ǫD±²±²?XU$

$(?±²±²ǫD?XUǫb±²±²Pn?s^CXU)$

$

cf. $RootNbased,$truncated$(Hamano$1998;$Sugahara$&$ Hamano$2015)$

–  MsYG$(*MsPnY?U)$

–  MshG$(*MsPnh?U)$

–//,'etc.LsH$(*LsPn?V),$ĻDp,$ȏIp$

!$Morphosyntactic'integration'(cf.$Akita$&$Usuki$2016):$

– '?@0$'Pp/Gp/^p0$'YG/hG/H,$etc.$

2.'MIMETIC'‘GO’,VERBS

MOVE$(central$meaning,$Adv)

a.  $ Ċt7 ‘wbƕƹtËÙN^DnȐ?U$

(Alfail$story$Episode$Penetrater$ƙŬ?ĺČ\ƔȆo\$

ĂïāǁǸ)$

b.  ȇtĈXZǟ(13Ŝ11Ŝ9ŜaėïǞǢ)aĉ_

7ZNf@u[P$

(BǧotƜŋ_ǬDoÆÈaĉ[ǣU?\?@$

(3Ŝ6³Ç)(—›&–&’.com)$

c.  gu^)ˆx¦ˆ€&®*_R&uRuY?Z?IfQu

DZbâ_ƌS@[P)x²}¯áÉáÉtčƥʼnüŠ[

P*ƌ_75ŎEXZ7fP$

(†«€!ăǠ[˜ŒňDåG÷gfQu!$

N$x{’œw’•ˆN$ġAZ!goo)$

d.  ¿ơƢtķFȎƗąaĊt 7 $

(¼ÚĊƘEljȌ´ĕƶCnŦÊƶ)$

(3)

Semantic$subtypes$of$‘go’Nverbs

•

AgentNsubject$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $TWC$

–

ACT$

$

$(

ĭè

) $

$

š†š†?G

$

$45$types$

–

ACT_ON $(

ƎECI

) $

ĠĠ?G

$

$11$types$

–

ENJOY$

$(

ŪÃ^]

) $

šš?G

$

$16$types$

•

ThemeNsubject$

–

PROCEED$(

÷Á

) $

$

ˆ¬ˆ¬?G

$

$11$types$

–

GET$

$

$(

Ĺã

) $

$

˜Œ­?G

$

$20$types$

–

SOUND $(

Ɣō¾

)$

$

“}²\?G

$

$2$types$

ACT

a.

ƋƊD>XUn

%!%!7

fPCn

$

(SHIBANSALLY$&$MUSIC:$

C^oÒaJ\

)$

b.

+ĢůaűƯĐIJ,bûĐIJ[>qcfL

_+Lj,ƣĢtƊÐNŬ?Ə[

%6%67

x§&‡[PDJJbƯĐIJ_¾fNU

$

(

J\Ů

TAROT$ROOM$

Ŕģ»ĞaÝÑ

)$

c.

Ja§®¤~aŒx’®b+“²\ô?S

NZ

-67

!,[P

$

(

źCnÕ_ŽspƎGƅijkîǎ

$

SNZÕŰaƚô

)$

d.

śEÈIa>p·^n

fNl@

$

(

ÕŰkżWju\ƾƵ_Îp\Ea¤”&

$

Řî_Y?Z

)$

(4)

ACT_ON

a.  ƁoĀEaƐǹ[aITn^?[PD?Yi]B

o_Ȅh3[ƪ_#,67fP$

(¨²ˆŒ&—²Œ&£&Œ®2ndGĔ€{ƛLJ)$ b.  8,9ŜaǾǪǦaNJ_9ŜȀǦaŞD¾įh[E

UJaǾCni@ǦHEa½t&'&'7Z i??$

(Ǫƞì-ĚXZBEU?ǦaJ\īaJ\.$

‘²Œ®}œz)$ c.  >\>aATMaéǮt†«Ÿ®}&[dXJsNZ

¼aBÂt aD¿ĘkĜĘOj^Gł

ÁXZfNU$

(DŽdzaµºĨ)$

d.  fUBŷǩǭiÎĝ¼_Jqbiie

fP$

(ĄćaBíNAsiaN)$

(5)

ENJOY

a.  ĸ_þŪ}²™ŽaǑők%Ȓa>\$2+

c@fLDŲpJ\Óř?^N[P$

(Ņı¿ǯ(ĨĴ¹ÄǏńŝØ'øŏaǏŝ'$

ê¼öǽƺǷûǕ)$ b.  ºëb͚&®t%!7U?\Jr[PD

ݵb~¤²~¤²$

(ĵƈŀÅļŒƟ)$ c.  ¬x’¢‘w&\f[bÁC^?iaaǜ?ƊD

Ƴǒ^ai>XZȍkC^ƼœtýIfP`'^ a[óDYG\(/(/7WjXZfP$

(ƃhZŶÔ[ǛbC^}§¬ā:$™xž)$ d.  9Ŧ'Ǎe'ÁXU'^nc4’†bi@˜¯\p

CnǼ§°aƩAƝi.6.6fP$

(»\řXZiA&kuC$

9ŦǍeÁXU^nc)$

(6)

PROCEED

a.

ÿŴaŢN?a[ÿŵ

1

ŖÎqpa_PuK?

ƤƆNZkX\ÎXUCnĠb

(3(37

C^&\ĥ?EkRuRu÷f^?gU?

^

(

Nj

)$

(

™‰®ğĉƦũ¹Ă

17

Ù

)$

b.

$

)5)57

S@[P`

$

(

ºµĦŹPpYio[PĿǶ[PC

$

N$

ǰƒæũ

N$

ġAZ!

Goo)$

c.

Sq[ĥ@m@_

(+

u

$

(

DzȈǵðěĂ6ǙǚgƤNg_Y?Z

)$

d.

Ju^_

\bĥXZ?fQu[N

U

$

(

™•®‘wˆ}†«²

N$

ƱŃŕcGŨƉťƑ

)$

(7)

GET

a.  ȉȓƄbüCqp\.+*47 \?@ưõtC^

oÆƫNZ?ZüCqZiŁW^?m@_ótY IZ?pCnJS¾ĄDŐCXU…$

(nix$in$desertis:Bh[\@Ȋijaơ)$ b.  vx¬ª&[7 $

(^Rµº»Čòbñ¸»ėò_iZpa[Nl@C $ N$ǰƒæũN$ġAZ!goo)$ c.  DţoDǔ?a[ĿäPp\/$+8ZNf

@Ci$

(ǖÑaƂaĪ?Ʈ?õ )$ d.  ǥaƽfoa^?»$ažÃbĎGƻſÈf[

ÁXZǃqpi@¶Ǩş\?@\Jr[#34

7 $

(İĮ×ǤäÞ»¹¡&¦ &‡)$

(8)

SOUND

a.

¥„x®ºàCnǻhÒÐ_¯&…&

š&¦tǓƷNĬÐaŠ²„&DħƷ

ƖtƓnAUn

-"6

žċgOj

$

(

¸í¥„x®ŸÐÚā

(

ľÏľƧ

))$

b.

Ý[bPH_

.6

fPI]i

ǴbƠƭǝœœœ‡‡‡‡‡

ƸAZ

.6

[Nl

$

(

Ă6ÙǿÜƍ†²£‡y¦

)$

(9)

Semantic$predictability

•

AgentNsubject$ $ $ $ $prosaic$

iku

$

– MOVE $ $€€?G $Ēǀ_ÁG$

– ACT $ $ $š†š†?G $Ėó_ÁG$

– ACT_ON$ $ƒ†ƒ†?G $?ȃtĥ?ĩoÁG$

–ENJOY $ $šš?G $ųđ${Cn/?t}$ÁG$

•

ThemeNsubject$

– PROCEED $ˆ¬ˆ¬?G $@fG/ˆ¦&‰_ÁG$

– GET $ $ $˜Œ­?G $??ij?mGÁG$(cf.$ȋG)$

– SOUND $ $“}²\?G $*@pLGÁG$(cf.$go)$

cf.$English$

go

•

AgentNsubject$

– MOVE $ $ $He&goes&to&work&by&bus&(OALD)$

– ACT $ $ $ $How&did&your&interview&go?&(OALD)&

– ACT_ON$ $ $Go&bears!&(UCB)&

– ENJOY $ $ $He&could&really&go&a&cup&of&Rhian’s&soup& & & & & &right&about&now&(OED,$2012)$

•

ThemeNsubject$

–PROCEED $ $The&meeting&went&on&longer&than&I&& & & & & &expected,&and&when&I&got&back&to&the&car&& & & & & &there&was&a&ticket&on&it&(BNC)&

– GET $ $ $ $Everything&was&going&full&blast,&and&the&& & & & & &computer&went&crazy&(BNC)&

– SOUND $ $ $Right,&every&time&I&say&bye&bye&Ginge&he&&

3 3 3 3 3goes&meow!;$…&he&goes&excuse&me,&& & & & & &can&I&have&a&glass&of&water?&And&she&&

3 3 3 3 3goes&yes,&…&(BNC)&

Morphology

26

3

7 5

1 ₀

12 4 6 2 12 2 7 4 3

4 7

0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ACT ACT_ON ENJOY PROCEED GET SOUND emphatic suffixed reduplicated

~²~²

ˆ x ‰®‰®˜Œ­ “}²

" ˜„­,$ˆ²”­$

" ˆ,$“}²

" ~²~²,$‰®‰®

2 2

Morphosyntactic$integration

•

AgentNsubject$

–

MOVE $

$

‘wb€€ĊtÁXU

$

–

ACT$

$

$?

š†š†čÌb?GJ\_NU

$

–

ACT_ON $??

ƒ†ƒ†NJǦt?XU

$

–

ENJOY$

$?

ššš&®t?XU

$

•

ThemeNsubject$

–

PROCEED$*

ˆ¬ˆ¬ÿŴD?XU

$

–

GET$

$

$*

˜Œ­ȉȓƄb?XU

$

–

SOUND $*

“}²\ƴDžD?ES@V

(cf.$mimetic$suruNverbs,$etc.)

Inheritance$hierarchy

sem$$$‘…$w/o$a$hitch’$ prag$$$colloquial sem$$$MOVE$ syn $$$$$$$‘Let’s$…’$ morph$$redup$ sem$$$$$$$ACT$

syn $$$(in)tr?'

sem$$$ACT_ON?'

syn $$$(in)tr?'

sem$$$ENJOY$(sake)?'

sem$$$PROCEED$ syn $$$[[MIM]Adv$[ik]V]VP$

sem$$$agentive$

syn $$$[MIMNik]V$ sem$$$nonNagentive$ morph$$suff/emph$ sem$$$$$$$GET??' sem$$$$$$$SOUND*' morph$$suffixed$ sem$$$DIE$ ~²~²?G ˆ\?G x\?G ‰®‰®?G ˜Œ­?G “}²\?G ˆŒ‚¬?G central most$productive */?not'shared'by'prosaic'iku (cf.$Akita$&$Usuki$2016) ? ™\?G ?

3.'DISCUSSION

Morphosyntactic$integration$&$meaning

Morphosyntactic$integration$

of$mimetics

•

Integration$with$V$

_!

$unpredictable$meanings$

– VP $ $< $ $VP?$$$$$$$< $V$

–agentive $ $agentive $ $nonNagentive$

– MOVE $ $ $ACT $ $ $PROCEED$ $$$$(ēºŊ) $ $ACT_ON?$ $GET??'

$ $ $ $ $ENJOY? $ $SOUND*'

(*/?not'shared'by'prosaic'iku)$

•

Similar$phenomena$

a.  ĤƏ[ǡǂD˜Œ²˜Œ²$(\)$ƨqU$ b.  Žƿŭ[»D˜Œ²˜Œ²$(*?\)$ŇuV$

(Akita$&$Usuki$2016:$262N263)$ a.  njņD~Œ~Œ$(\)$?XZ?U$

b.  ŌØD~Œ~Œ$(??\)$?XZ?U$

(Akita$2013:$32N33;$cf.$Toratani$2015,$2017)$ (10)

(11)

Morphosyntactic$integration$

of$prosaic$words

•  Syntactic$categories/positions$&$meaning$(see$also$ Cameron$2003:$89)$

a.  $X&strode&through&the&crowd& & & & & & &(V)&

b.  $X&walked&through&the&crowd&with&a&stride$ $ $ $(N)$ (adapted$from$Matsumoto$et$al.$2017:$118;$cf.$climb)$

a.  $My&friend&came3running&down&the&stairs & & &(V)&

b.  $My&friend&ran&down&the&stairs&toward3me 3 3 3(PP)&

(cf.$Matsumoto$et$al.$2017:$117)$

a.  $John&answered&the3door&

(the$door$[argument]$=$the$person$on$the$other$side)$ b.  $??John&answered&“Yes”&in&response&to&the3door3

(??the$door$[adjunct]$=$the$person$on$the$other$side)$ (adapted$from$Okada$2013:$164)$

(12)

(13)

(14)

4.'CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions

•

Summary$

–

Colloquial$Japanese$has$mimetic$‘go’Nverbs.$

–

The$patterns$of$their$constructional$polysemy$

illustrate$

the

$

correlation'between'grammatical'

integration'&'meaning

.$

•

Implications$

–

Mimetics$&$prosaic$words$may$or$may$not$behave$in$

parallel.$

–

The'morphosyntactic'typology'of'mimetics'

may$

account$for$their$semantic$range$(Akita$2009,$2017a;$

Dingemanse$2017;$Dingemanse$&$Akita$2017).$

Remaining$issues

•

Reason(s)

$for$the$correlation$between$

grammatical$integration$&$semantic$extension$

–

Wordhood$(cf.$idioms)$

–

Verbhood$(Akita$2013;$Akita$&$Usuki$2016;$cf.$lexical$

typology,$closedness$[cf.$Haiman$2018:$284])$

–

Predicatehood$(Akita$2017b;$Dingemanse$&$Akita$

2017)$

•

Semantics$of$

other

$

mimetic$verb$constructions$

(see$Appendix)$

•

Quotatives

,$morphology,$&$grammatical$

integration$(Akita$&$Usuki$2016;$Toratani$2017)$

Appendix su&3‘do’'

(Kageyama'2007;'Akita'2017a) iw&3‘say’ ku&3‘come’ nar&3‘become’ ik&3‘go’'(colloq.) yar&3‘do’'(colloq.)

A.$Unergative 1$(activity;$nikoniko&‘smile’) * * * Ȕ ??

3$(directional$activity;$burabura&

‘stroll’) * * * * *

4$(psych;$kuyokuyo&‘worry’) * Ȕ Ȕ * *

B.$Unaccusative 5$(physiological;$tikutiku&

‘prickle’) * Ȕ Ȕ * *

6$(perception;$guragura&

‘wobble’) * Ȕ * * *

7$(property;$debudebu&‘fatty’) * * * * *

C.$Transitive 2$(impact;$?gosigosi&‘scrub’) # * * Ȕ Ȕ

8$(reflexive;$?patipati&‘blink’) * * * * Ȕ

9$(causedNmotion;$?kurukuru&

‘make$roll’) * * * * Ȕ

10$(causative$change$of$

state;$??baribari&‘crunch’) * * * * Ȕ

D.$Unergative 11$(sound;$*piyopiyo&‘tweet’) Ȕ * * Ȕ *

12$(change$of$state;$*pokiQ) # * Ȕ Ȕ *

13$(motion;$*tobotobo&‘plod’) * * * Ȕ *

E.$Unaccusative 14$(unfolding;$*zuruzuru&‘drag$

on’)

* * * Ȕ *

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