NHK $
¤GW32!
Ideophones!in!the!NHK!Corpora:!Unpublished!data
Kimi!Akita!(Nagoya!U)!
Oct@Nov!2017! • NHK $
-60
– 214?,!5@15E,!¥n! – 77%qa!
– 10,413y;!+5948500,!~+5948Wd179! – D2016;!Dingemanse!&!Akita!2017!
– http://www9.nhk.or.jp/311shogen/new/!
• NHK $ – 64?,!20@60E,!¥ ! – 70%qa,!80h@)!
– 18,906y;!+5948876,!~+5948Wd345! – Akita!2015!
– http://www.nhk.or.jp/shogenarchives/!
• &!!
– *<27:V|w! – d1000?h@!
• a{!(gender)!
• >§!(age)!
• A!(occupation)!
• J\!(date)!
• I!(place)
• jLo}! (position!in! discourse)!
• jk¡! (type!of!topic)
Corpora
Earthquake!Corpus
1 Gj[$+5948°O!(#idph/utterance)
0.45!
0.23!
0.28! 0.26! 0.39!
0.24! 0.39!
0.00! 0.10! 0.20! 0.30! 0.40! 0.50!
10@20s! 30s! 40s! 50s! 60s! 70s! 80s! (SD:!0.26)!(SD:!0.40)
0.29! 0.39!
0.00! 0.10! 0.20! 0.30! 0.40! 0.50!
m! f!
0.00! 0.10! 0.20! 0.30! 0.40! 0.50! 0.60!
2011.3@6! 2011.7@9! 2011.10@12! 2012.1@3! 2012.4@6! 2012.7@9! c.!*<27:J\!(date!of!interview) a.!a{!(gender)
b.!>§!(age)
d.!A!(industry)!
0.35!
0.21! 0.23! 0.27! 0.27! 0.20!
0.38! 0.25!
0.19! 0.25!
0.69! 0.50!
0.00! 0.20! 0.40! 0.60! 0.80!
A! B! C! D! E! F! G! H! I! J! K! L! N!
S/management!(N!=!19) /! profession,!technique!(N!=!32) Bc/office!work!(N!=!21) i/sale!(N!=!11) .70/service!(N!=!15) R^/security!(N!=!25) «A/! agriculture,!fishing!(N!=!21) H_r/production!(N!=!2) Yt /! transportation,!operation!(N!=!3) ¨£¬/! architecture,!mining!(N!=!4) t¯®ª¦/! moving,!cleaning,!packing!(N!=!0) E¡Xvu/! priest!(N!=!5) /non@worker!(N!=!9) (s)!=? ~AE¡!
http://www.soumu.go.jp/toukei_toukatsu/index/seido/shokgyou/kou_h21.htm
e.!*<27:Fb!(place!of!interview)
0.39! 0.26! 0.13!
0.47! 0.19!
0.36! 0.15! 0.15! 0.15! 0.20!
0.27! 0.33! 0.19!
0.21! 0.31!
0.69! 0.40!
0.56! 0.33!
0.38!
0.00! 0.50! 1.00!
Chiba! Ibaragi! Fukushima!(inland)! Fukushima!(Iwaki)! Fukushima!(Namie@Tomioka)! Fukushima!(Shinchimachi@Minami@ Miyagi!(Natori@Yamamoto)! Miyagi!(Sendai:!Inland)! Miyagi!(Ishigama@Tagashiro)! Miyagi!(Higashi@matsushima)! Miyagi!(Ishimaki)! Miyagi!(Onagawa)! Miyagi!(Minami@sanriku)! Miyagi!(Kesennuma)! Iwate!(Rikuzen@takata)! Iwate!(Ofunato)! Iwate!(Kamaishi)! Iwate!(Otsuchi)! Iwate!(Tanohata@Yamada)!
Aomori! e!(N)
z!(S) ]J\#%
Soma
• ©g+5948(m Gj`T(m
"!(plain/expressive! morphology!in!utterances! w/!1!vs.!2+!ideophones)!
• GjL©g+5948x'
&FC2Qh`T
(m"!(plain/expressive! morphology!of!1st!vs.!2nd+! ideophones!in!“2+”!utterances)
(χ2(1)!=!6.86,!p$<!.01) (χ2(1)!=!18.42,!p$<!.001)
218! 128!
30!
0! 170!
193! 0!
0! 0%!
10%! 20%! 30%! 40%! 50%! 60%! 70%! 80%! 90%! 100%!
1! 2+! 1! 2+!
IN! NA!
expressive!
plain!
267! 79! 30!
0! 247! 116!
0!
0! 0%!
10%! 20%! 30%! 40%! 50%! 60%! 70%! 80%! 90%! 100%!
mim1! mim2+! mim1! mim2+!
IN! NA!
expressive!
plain! idph1 idph2+
`T
¢`T
`T
¢`T
War!Corpus
+5948°O (#idph/sentence)
0! 0.01! 0.02! 0.03! 0.04! 0.05! 0.06! 0.07! 0.08!
1! 2! 3! 4! 5! 6! 7! 8! 9!
+5948!(idph)!(r$=!.72)
~+5948Wd!(quasi@idph)!(r$=!.48)
• jP#$+5948p %!(Akita!et!al.!2012)!
• ZlZK ! M y
1,/;<! time
`T !(expressive!morphology)
0! 0.02! 0.04! 0.06!
1! 2! 3! 4! 5! 6! 7! 8! 9!
0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100!
1! 2! 3! 4! 5! 6! 7! 8! 9! 10! 11! 12! 13! 14! 15!
¢`T!plain!(r$=!.71)
`T!expressive!(r$=!.58)
¢`T!plain!(r$=!.03)
`T!expressive!(r$=$−.03)
time
%
time M y
jk¡+5948°O!
(topic!types!&!#idph)
M y
0! 0.02! 0.04! 0.06! 0.08! 0.1! 0.12! 0.14! 0.16!
send@off! rumor/slander! work! remembering! death/funeral! town/village! moving! dead!bodies! keep!silent! prisoner!of!war/refugee! suicide! withdrawal! gyokuon! shelter! call/application/ training! opening!of!war! injury! escape! end!of!war! return/homecoming! ship/yamato/navy! attack/battle! raid/bomb! dysentery! special!attack/torpedo! crash!
jk¡+5948`T!
(topic!types!&!%expressive!morphology)
%
0! 10! 20! 30! 40! 50! 60! 70! 80! 90! 100!
opening!of!war! keep!silent! remembering! dysentery! town/village! withdrawal! injury! work! dead!bodies! moving! send@off! shelter! ship/yamato/ end!of!war! suicide! training! return/ death/funeral! prisoner!of!war/ call/application/ escape! gyokuon! special!attack/ attack/battle! rumor/slander! raid/bomb! crash! +5948°O`TfUN!(r$=!0.46,!N!=!27,!p$<!.05)
References
• Akita,!Kimi.!2015.!Ideophones!and!reported!discourse!as!depictive! signs.!Gengo,bunka$kyoodoo,kenkyuu,purozyekuto$2014:$Sizen, gengo,e,no$riron,teki,apurooti![Joint!project!on!language!&! culture!2014:!Theoretical!approaches!to!natural!language],!1@10.! Osaka:!Osaka!University.!
• @@@@@.!2016.!Gengo@taikei@no!naka@no!onomatope![Ideophones!in! linguistic!systems].!In!Taro!Kageyama!(ed.),!Lexicon$forum,$No.!7,! 19@39.!Tokyo:!Hituzi!Syobo.!
• @@@@@,!!Satoshi!Nakamura,!Takanori!Komatsu,!and!Sachiko!Hirata.! 2012.!Onomatope@no!intarakusyonsei@ni!kansuru!ryooteki@koosatu! [A!quantitative!study!of!the!interactional!function!of!mimetics].! Proceedings$of$the$26th$Annual$Conference$of$the$Japanese$Society$ for$Artificial$Intelligence,$2012,$2N1@OS@8c@5.!
• Dingemanse,!Mark,!and!Kimi!Akita.!2017.!An!inverse!relation! between!expressiveness!and!grammatical!integration:!On!the! morphosyntactic!typology!of!ideophones,!with!special!reference! to!Japanese.!Journal$of$Linguistics$53(3):!501@532.!