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Rice Terrace Conservation through Local Community Involvement in Kamiseya, Miyazu City

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Rice Te rrace Conserva tio n t hro ugh Local Co m mu ni ty

Invo lve men t in Ka miseya , Miya zu City

Mariko OHGISHI

Key Words: rice terrace conservation, mountainous area, local revitalization, local characteristics,

Kamiseya

1. Introduction

The degradation of Japan’s agricultural environment in

mountainous areas has become an issue. Rapid economic

growth and other changes in society since the 1960s have led

to depopulation in such areas, causing abandonment of

formerly cultivated areas and endangering the continuation of

local agricultural practices. Recently, however, the value of

mountainous rice terraces as cultural landscapes has been

rediscovered and conservation movements based on

interaction between urban and rural communities have been

created. The objective of this study was to set up a

conservation plan for Kamiseya’s rice terraces based on local

characteristics and the views of the local community from the

viewpoint of a revitalization of the area.

2. Research site and Method

This study looked at the rice terrace landscape of Kamiseya,

Miyazu City, one of the most distinctive rice terrace

landscapes in Kyoto Prefecture. Currently, the hamlet counts

14 households. Most residents are over seventy. Rice

cultivation by non-residents and rice farming events by an

NPO are organized.

Method: 1. Determine local rice terrace landscape

characteristics such as distribution, location and ownership:

Interview with 9 household members, field studies, literature

research, analysis of aerial photos. 2. Clarify community

views on future conservation: Interviews with inhabitants, the

NPO, commercial units and governmental institutions

(September 2005-December 2006). 3. Determine views of 97

visitors to Kamiseya by questionnaire (July-November 2006).

3. Results and Discussions

Since the 1960s, abandonment of rice terraces in Kamiseya

has rapidly increased. Reasons include the mass exodus after

the big snow in 1963, rapid economic growth with new job

opportunities in fields other than agriculture (Nishijin weaving

industry, local forestry office), the 1971 rice acreage reduction

governmental policy and the falling rice price. While the rice

terrace area was 22.5ha in 1975, only 6.1ha were left in 2004.

From a topographical viewpoint, continuation of cultivation

was favored in low elevation areas and in places close to

settlements with easy access to terraces and water supply.

Regarding management, 44% of the terraces were cultivated

by tenants and 46% by farmers who were owners. Both

groups showed a low interest in continuing cultivation and

favored leaving fields in the care of outsiders. Regarding why

they had kept cultivating terraces, residents mentioned the

pleasure and health benefits of rice cultivation. As for terraces

they would not be able to cultivate in the future, they favored

renting fields to outsiders rather than being helped directly.

Visitors mentioned the benefits of learning traditional rice

farming techniques while being refreshed, contributing to

environment conservation and having contact with rural

residents, but stated a lack of time and difficult access as

negative factors. The NPO, whose main objective was the

conservation of satoyama (cultural landscape), considered

rice terrace preservation as one of its key activities and

organized rice farming events to raise the interest of the

public.

Judging from these results, sustained cooperation between all

parties is essential to make the conservation plan work.

Increased cooperative efforts by commercial units and the

NPO will be necessary to guarantee a productive life

foundation for inhabitants. Moreover, it became obvious that

in order to accomplish an effective plan 1. the NPO must act

systematically 2. the objectives of the NPO and the

inhabitants must be synchronized 3. factors that inhibit

smooth participation by visitors must be eliminated 4. the

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