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甲1705 要旨・審査要旨 Abstract, Screening Result

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学 位 専 攻 分 博士 理学

学 位 記 番 総研大

学位授与の日付 成 6

学位授与の要件 物理科学研究科 文科学専攻

学位規則第6条第 該当

学 位 論 文 題 目

論 文 審 査 委 員 主 査 准教授 関井 隆 教授 櫻井 隆 教授 﨑 清

准教授 清水 敏文 宇宙航空研究開 機構 教授 一 潔 京都大学

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論文内容の要旨 Summary of thesis contents

Comprehending the evolution and characteristics of polar magnetic patches is important to obtain a deeper insight into the generation of solar magnetism and its cyclic variation. It is the ensemble of this individual patches that contribute to the global scale behavior of the polar magnetic fields. The major goal of this thesis has been to study the characteristic properties of the polar magnetic patches, their evolution on local scale and their interaction with the plasma motions. It is important to understand the interaction between photospheric plasma motion and polar magnetic field as it contributes largely to the dynamic activities occurring in the chromosphere and corona.

We uncovered the spatial fine structure of the polar patches and their relation to polar faculae. The distribution of intensity, local zenith angle and strength of the magnetic field vector is found to be non-homogenous within the patch. Our study shows that polar faculae are enclosed within most of the polar patches with flux ≥ 1018 Mx and are spatially well correlated with peak flux locations within their parent patches. Shiota et al. (2012) observed that it is the unipolar patches of dominant polarity possessing magnetic flux in excess of 1018 Mx, that take part in the solar cycle. So our study support the usage of polar faculae as the proxy for the polar magnetic flux. We also found that polar faculae are smaller in size in comparison with their parent patches which implies that contribution of faculae to the polar flux must be smaller in general. Magnetic field associated with facula region is identified to be more strong and vertical compared to that outside the facula region but within the patch. We speculate that the coexistence of strong and weak field regions within a magnetic patch could be an indication of existence of multiple flux tubes.

We also studied the interaction of photospheric flow field with the polar magnetic patches. This is the first study which present observational result on the role of plasma flows in the formation and evolution of the polar magnetic patches. The magnetic patches are surrounded by strong converging flow during their apparent life time. The converging flow around the patch boundary is best observed in the LOS Doppler velocity profile close to the photosphere. From the average velocity profile obtained at the time of patch appearance, the radius of impact of the converging flow is about 10'' and peak velocity is about 0.2 km/s. Based on our analysis we suggest that the magnetic flux fragments in the polar region are advected and clustered by photospheric converging flows thereby resulting in the formation of polar magnetic patches. Further, we think that the fine structure of polar patches, like the localized strong field regions inside them, must be driven by local mechanisms; for e.g., convective collapse. Formation of magnetic structures by transportation and accumulation of magnetic flux by converging horizontal flows are also observed in the low-latitude region. The converging flow observed around polar patches appears to be similar to that observed in the low-latitude network region.

Our observations show that, in addition to direct cancellation magnetic patches decay

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by fragmentation followed by unipolar disappearance or unipolar disappearance without fragmentation. It is possible that the magnetic patches of existing polarity fragment or diffuse away into smaller elements and eventually cancel out with opposite polarity fragments that reach the polar region around solar cycle maximum. So the above mentioned process could be one of the possible mechanisms by which the existing polarity decay during the reversal of the polar magnetic field.

Ito et al. (2010) reported, using Hinode observations obtained during solar cycle minimum, that distribution of vertical magnetic flux in the polar region is asymmetric compared to that in the low-latitude quiet Sun: i.e., magnetic patches of one polarity dominate over the other in the polar region. Though unipolar patches exist (Iida 2012, Lamb et al. 2010) in the low-latitude quiet Sun as well, the probability of cancellation between the opposite polarity patches is high due to the balanced flux distribution. While, in the polar region, imbalance in the flux distribution leads to the dominance of unipolar patches of one polarity. Unipolar patches exist both in the higher and lower latitude regions. Furthermore, in both regions magnetic flux is found to be concentrated by converging flows. We speculate that irrespective of latitude characteristics of individual magnetic patches are determined locally and in that sense patches in the polar region and low-latitude quite Sun region could be similar. And we think that magnetic flux density variation with latitude and imbalance in the vertical flux distribution, within the polar cap region could be two of the reasons that make polar region different from the quiet Sun region in the lower latitudes.

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博 士 論 文 の 審 査 結 果 の 要 旨

Summary of the results of the doctoral thesis screening

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